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Introduction:
What is the Global Environment Facility (GEF)
GEF Programming
Incremental Reasoning
FAO and the GEF
GEF Training 2017
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
• Partnership of 18 agencies — UN agencies, IFIs, national entities and
international NGOs — & 183 countries.
• Includes network of CSOs and private sector partners
• Independent evaluation office & scientific & technical advisory panel
• Unique Financial Mechanism for 5 International Environmental Agreements
(IEA)
• Donors pledge money to support IEA.
• GEF operates on four year funding tranches; GEF-6, 6th 4-year phase.
• Provided $14.5 billion in grants and leveraging $75.4 billion in co-financing for
almost 4,000 projects in 167 countries
• Innovator and Catalyst – seeks to leverage “small money” to achieve big
things (incremental reasoning, cofinancing)
GEF Agencies – “Coopetition”
How GEF Works
• Every four years GEF develops a new programme with new priorities.
• Most of the main areas of work for the GEF are linked to IEA priorities.
• Much of the GEF funding is allocated to countries through the GEF’s STAR.
• In order to access GEF funding, eligible countries must work with one or more
GEF Agencies to develop projects and programmes.
• Incremental Reasoning & Co-financing are key
GEF-1 GEF-2 GEF-3 GEF-4 GEF-5 GEF-6
1994 - 1998 1998 – 2002 2002 – 2006 2006 – 2010 2010 – 2014 2014 - 2018
GEF Trust Fund
GEF – A financial mechanism for multiple International Environmental Conventions
UNFCCC CBD UNCCDMinimata & Stockholm
Special CC Fund (SCCF)
CC Adaptation Funds
Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)
GEF Trust Fund, Hosted Funds & Links to Conventions
CCM Chem IWLD BD SFM
CBIT Trust Fund Capacity Building
Initiative forTransparency
Nagoya Protocol
ABS Trust Fund
Focal Areas
Special CC Fund (SCCF)
CC Adaptation Funds
Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)
GEF Trust Fund
Focal Areas
CCM Chem IWLD BD SFM
Donors $
Country Allocations Managed Globally
CBIT Trust Fund Capacity Building
Initiative forTransparency
Nagoya Protocol
ABS Trust Fund
System of Transparent Allocation of Resources - STAR
GEF-6 STAR (USD millions):
Wide range of country allocations:
China 194
El Salvador 6
Focal Area Full Star Actual Set Aside
Climate Change 1,260 941 319
Biodiversity 1,296 1,051 245
Land Degradation 431 346 85
Total GEF6 STAR 2,987 2,338 649
GEF-6 Allocation Overall
GEF-6 STAR 2,338
+
Chemicals Focal Area 554
International Waters Focal Area 456
+
Sustainable Forest Management 250
+
Integrated Approach Pilot 160
+
Non Grant Instrument 115
+
Conventions costs, GEF Corporate costs 335
Total: USD M 4,433
$0
$1.0
$2.0
$3.0
$4.0
$5.0
$6.0
$7.0
1994-1998 1998-2002 2002-2006 2006-2010 2010-2014 2014-2018 2018-2022
GEF-1 GEF-2 GEF-3 GEF-4 GEF-5 GEF-6 GEF-7 ?
US
Do
llars
in B
illio
n
GEF Replenishment Cycle
GEF Replenishment since 1991
GEF Programming
Key points of GEF 2020 Strategy
• Support transformational change;
achieve impacts on broad scale
• Focus on the key drivers of
environmental degradation
• Support broad coalitions of
stakeholders to deliver integrated,
innovative, scalable work
• Ensure actions are resilient
• Ensure GEF is a champion of the
global environment.
GEF 6 (2014 – 2018) Delivery Architecture
Focal Area Centered – Single Project Delivery
BD LD CC Chem IW SFM
45 different programmes to choose from
Global Environmental Benefits in BD, IW, CC, LD and Chemicals
Integrated Approach
(IA)
BD
CCMLD
Int’l Waters
CC mitigation
Chemicals/ POPs
Land Degradation
CC Adaptation
Biodiversity
GEF-6: Multi-Focal Area Projects and Programmes
Example: Integrated approach programs (IAPs) in GEF-6:
•Sustainable Cities
•Deforestation out of Commodity Supply
•Fostering Sustainability and Resilience for Food Security
in Sub-Saharan Africa
SFM
Limitations with GEF’s “Traditional” Architecture
• Thematic & financial fragmentation
• GEF 6 has 45 programmes to choose from; GEF7 aims to halve this.
• Satisfactory individual project performance but fragmented & limited system-
level impact
• Money is small – 65 countries have USD 10 M or less in STAR
• Partnership not equipped to engage/open up to private sector
• Does not mobilize diverse enough coalitions of actors –
• Doesn’t use Agency comparative advantages sufficiently
GEF-7: Making the Case for a Different Approach
• Defining moment in future of planet and human well being
• Global Environmental Commons stretched to breaking point
• Planetary boundaries breached
– Biodiversity still lost at high rates
– Land use change driven by agriculture expansion, declining forest cover
– Climate / atmospheric CO2 concentrations
• Unsustainable trajectory of economic systems
GEF-7: Making the Case for a Different Approach
• Food System: population; dietary changes global food demand by
70% in 2050
• Energy System: 68% of emissions now and 30% in demand by 2040
• Cities: By 2050 home to 2/3 global population
• Global production / consumption system: current Take-Make-Waste
model = 4x more waste
Four Economic Systems – Need Radical Transformation
Global Response
• Agenda 2030 and the SDGs universally agreed
• Historic Paris CC agreement to reduce emissions & build resilience
• Private sector ramping up involvement -- Sustainability initiatives, internet driven
demand for collaborative platforms
• Environmental issues dominate private sector risk perception
• Private sector key to SDGs - Business case for sustainability growing stronger
Examples of Food Systems Business Opportunities
• Improved small holder farms (USD 75 – 105 B)
• Sustainable aquaculture (USD 20-125 B)
• Forest Ecosystem Services (USD 140 – 365 B)
• Restoring Degraded Lands (USD 70 – 85 B)
GEF7 Program Delivery Model: More Focused & Impactful
What can GEF do?
• Be more effective, responsive and agile
• More relevant to the SDGs
• Concentrate resources to achieve highest impact
• Harness synergies: Unique mandate across 5 MEA; CBD, UNFCCC, UNCCD,
Minimata & Stockholm
• Maximize engagement w/ broader range of actors critical to systems change
• Manage for impact, greater accountability sharper results architecture
+ =Reconnecting World
Development
with
Global Commons
GEF-7: More relevant to Sustainable Development Goals
Emerging GEF7 Programming Architecture
Impact Programs 60%
Focal Areas40%
Global Environmental Benefits in BD, IW, CC, LD and Chemicals
GEF7 Integrated Impact Programs (IP)
• Transforming Energy Systems
• Agriculture Commodities Supply
Chains
• Food Systems
• Inclusive Conservation
• Sustainable Cities
• Amazon Sustainable Landscapes
• Environmental Security
• Wildlife for Sustainable
Development
• Healthy Oceans for Sustainable
Fisheries
• Landscape Restoration
• Green Finance
• Green Infrastructure
• Natural Capital
• Circular Economy
• Integrated National Planning for
MEAs and SDGs
Mapping IP Across Traditional Focal Areas of the GEF
24
How does the GEF “Think” ?
Incremental Reasoning
Incremental Reasoning
Baseline Situation
Why is GEF needed to make it better in terms of GEB?
What is the baseline situation with respect to your project
idea?
The Heart of the Matter
Incremental / Additional ?
Baseline Situation/Project
And then…
GEF Incremental Funding with the baseline serving as the cofinancing
CurrentPractice
- Illegal logging- Overgrazing- Focus on Plantations
GEFAlternative
- Sustainable Forest Management Practices - + BD, SLM
Global Benefits
- Improved SFM on 2 million ha- Populations of species
Incremental Reasoning
GEF Project Cycle
Summary of FAO-GEF Project Cycle Guidelines (July 2016)FAO-GEF FAO STANDARD
Phase I: Identification
1. Project Idea 2. Short Project Proposal (FPMIS module)
3. Project Identification Form (PIF) 4. Concept Note (FPMIS module)
5. Project Preparation Grant (PPG) document
Phase II: Formulation
6. Project preparation inception workshop
7. Results framework/project design validation work shop
8. Project document, CEO Endorsement Request, GEF Tracking
Tools, Co-financing letters, draft Project Agreement
9. ESM Unit clearance for moderate and high risk projects
10. Technical clearance of ProDoc
Phase III: Appraisal and Approval
11. Other feasibility clearances
12. Submission of draft project document to the Government for
comments
13. Submission of draft final project package to GEF Secretariat for
technical review
14. Submission to PPRC for review
15. Integration of GEF Secretariat technical comments 16. Integration of PPRC comments
17. GEF CEO Endorsement 18. TC ADG Approval
19. Project Agreement for signature by Governments (GCP, DEX)/
Execution Agreement for signature (OPIM)
Phase IV: Implementation and Monitoring
20. Project Inception report
21. Monitoring Plan
22. Progress reports
23. Project Implementation Reviews (PIR)
Phase V: Evaluation
24. Mid-term review/Evaluation Report
25. Final Evaluation
Phase VI: Closure
26. Terminal Report
http://intranet.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/faomanual/Projects/GEF_Appendix/GEF_Appendix_FINAL_19July2016.pdf
History of FAO in GEF
1992: FAO started executing GEF projects with “indirect access”
2000: FAO is granted “direct access” for projects in the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Focal Area
2006: Direct access in all Focal Areas.
• Portfolio has grown from 1 direct access POPs project (USD 3.5 M) in June 2007 to 31 projects in January 2011 (USD 102 M in GEF resources and about USD 320 M in co-
Global Environmental
Benefits
THREATS
Inappropriate Agricultural Practices Major ThreatSustainable Agricultural Practices Restorative of GEB
Strong Link - FAO’s & GEF’s Work
GEFs Priority Areas Highly Relevant to FAO’s
Land Degradation
CC mitigation
Chemicals/ POPs
Int’l Waters
CC Adaptation
SFM
Biodiversity
GEF Focal Areas
ccc
FAO GEF Portfolio (US$): Rapid Growth
FAO-GEF Portfolio- By GEF Focal Area
FAO-GEF Portfolio- Regional Distribution
FAO-GEF Unit
Senior Coordinator, GEF Unit
1 P5
Finance Support
1 P3
1 P2 level
TCI-Deputy Director GEF Focal Point, FAO
1 D1
Asia-Pacific Team
Current staffing:
1 P4
1 P3 level
1 P2
Africa MENA Team
Current staffing:
1 P4
2 P3
2 P2 level
Latin America E
Europe/C Asia Team
Current staffing:
1 P4
1 P3
3 P1/P2 level
Administrative & Project
Cycle Support
(2 GS; 1 PSA)
Senior Portfolio & Policy Adviser /
Quality Enhancement
(P5 vacant)
Monitoring & Evaluation
Portfolio & Knowledge Management
1 P4; 1 PSA
Thank you
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