Introduction

What is Multimedia?In everyday life, multimedia is everything you

hear or see, e.g. text in books, sound in music, and graphics in pictures.

In computing multimedia is the presentation of information by a computer system using text, sound, video and graphics.

Who uses Multimedia?Education

Students can search wikipedia, which provide facts on a variety of different topics using multimedia presentations.

Teachers can use multimedia presentations to make lessons more interesting by using animations to highlight or demonstrate key points.

A multimedia presentation can also make it easier for pupils to read text rather than trying to read a teacher’s writing on the board.

Business Multimedia is used for advertising and selling products on the

Internet. Some businesses use multimedia for training where CD-ROMs or

on line tutorials allow staff to learn at their own speed.Leisure

The Internet has many multimedia elements embedded in web pages and web browsers support a variety of multimedia formats.

Many computer games use sound tracks, 3D graphics and video clips

MultimediaA basic multimedia system includes:

Hardware input devices, output devices, backing storage.

Software Presentation Authoring packages Desktop Publishing

Multimedia – Input DevicesScanner

A scanner allows the input of drawings, photographs or text directly into the computer’s memory.

A scanner is similar to a photocopier as it shines a light onto the item to be scanned and then reads the light that is reflected.

Multimedia – Input DevicesOptical Character Recognition

Software (OCR)When you use OCR software with a

scanner you can scan text directly into the computer’s memory as a word-processed document.

Once scanned into the computer’s word

processor text can be edited and saved.

OCR software has a limited number of characters it recognises, and therefore mistakes in scanned text are common.

Multimedia – Input DevicesMicrophone

A microphone can be used to allow sound to be entered into a computer’s memory.

Most computers have in built microphones, or have an interface which allows a microphone to be plugged into the computer.

The quality of sound generated by a microphone is generally poor so it would not be used for recording music.

Multimedia – Input DevicesGraphics tablet

A graphics tablet has a pen connected to a flat board, which is sensitive to pressure. When pressure is applied to the board using the pen the position is sent to the computer.

A graphics tablet allows the user to draw or trace shapes which will go directly into the computer.

It is easier to draw with a pen than it is with a mouse.

Multimedia – Input DevicesVoice Recognition Software

allows the user to enter text by speaking. The user speaks into the microphone and the words are converted into text.

Voice recognition has drawbacks: The user must speak slowly and clearly. The software has difficulty with strong

accents, or if you have a cold.

Multimedia – Input DevicesHandwriting Recognition Software

The software reads the writing and converts it into text.

One drawback of handwriting software is that if you are a poor writer the software many not read the handwriting correctly and errors will occur.

Multimedia – Input DevicesDigital camera

Photographs taken using a digital camera can be easily saved to a computer’s memory. The camera is connected to the computer which then allows pictures stored in the camera to be uploaded into the computer’s memory.

The amount of memory that a digital camera has will restrict the number of images that can be stored.

Resolution is the number of dots in an image. The more dots (the higher the resolution), the better the picture looks but the more storage required to hold the image.

Digital Camera SoftwareMost digital cameras come with photo-enhancing

software, which will allow you to alter the content as well as the brightness, contrast and colours of the photographs.

Multimedia – Input DevicesVideo camera

is used for taking movies and works in a similar way to a still camera but the pictures are stored on a tape.

A digital video camera can be connected to a computer system to upload the movies.

Once the video is in the computer’s memory the videos can be edited.

Movies require a great deal of memory, so to store videos would require a large backing storage.

Multimedia – Output DevicesMonitors

Monitors are also known as Visual Display Units. This is the screen used to display the output from the computer. The image displayed on the VDU is made up of small blocks called pixels. The more pixels that are on an image the greater the resolution.

The 2 main types of monitor are: Cathode Ray Tube:

Images on this type of monitor are created by beams hitting phosphorus inside the screen making the pixels.

Liquid Crystal Display: A LCD monitor is flat and lightweight and also needs

very little power to operate. LCD screens are normally found on laptop computers

Multimedia – Output DevicesSpeakersare required to output the sound for a

multimedia presentation. Most computers have in-built

loudspeakers, as well as an interface which allows additional loudspeakers to be connected to the computer.

Sound cardsare additional pieces of hardware that are

inside a computer. A good quality sound card improves the sound quality.

Speakers and microphone plug into the sound card.

Multimedia – Output DevicesData projectorssimply project a presentation from the

computer onto a large white screen usually mounted against a wall.

Graphics cardThe better the graphics card the better

the quality of images that can be displayed.

The monitor and data projector plug into the graphics card.

Multimedia – Storage DevicesBacking storage

You need to store your multimedia presentation on backing storage.

There are a number of backing storage devices which are all parts of the hardware of a computer system. When discussing backing storage the term access is used.

Random/direct access is when the storage device can go to a piece of data straight away wherever it is stored.

Multimedia – Storage DevicesHard disk

The hard disk is the main backing storage device inside the computer.

Modern hard-disk drives have a large storage capacity usually between 120 - 200 gigabytes.

This large storage capacity is ideal for multimedia presentations as these usually have large storage requirements.

Floppy diskFloppy disks are ideal for storing and

transferring small files, but due to their small storage capacity (1.44 megabytes) they are not usually suitable for multimedia files.

Multimedia – Storage DevicesCompact disks

CDs are optical storage which means that they use lasers to store and read data.

CDs are portable. CDs have a large storage capacity (700megabytes),

making them ideal storage for multimedia presentations.

Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) The main difference between CDs and DVDs is that DVDs

have a larger storage capacity, 4.6 gigabytes.

CD –ROM / DVD-ROM Cannot be updated as they are Read Only.

CD-R / DVD-R You can save to once, which means you cannot edit the

program or presentation once saved onto the disk. CD-RW / DVD-RW

Can be re-written to many times.

Multimedia – Storage DevicesUSB – Flash drive

Is a small compact memory chip that plugs into the USB port of a computer.

Flash drives allow data to be stored, erased and re-written to many times.

Flash drives are portable backing storage devices that have a storage capacity up to approx 2gb.

Multimedia – Storage DevicesDevice Cost Capacity Speed of

accessPortability

Harddisk

Expensive A lot –personalsystem usually20–30 gigabytes

Very fast No – usuallyinsidemachine

Floppydisk

Very cheap 1.4 megabytes Slow Yes, but easilydamaged

CD-ROM Very cheap Around 700megabytes

Fast Yes, and noteasilydamaged

CD-R Very cheap Around 700megabytes

Fast Yes, and noteasilydamaged

CD-RW Very cheap Around 700megabytes

Fast Yes, and noteasilydamaged

DVD Fairly cheap Big up to 17gigabytes

Fast Yes, and noteasilydamaged

USB FlashDrive

Cheap Increasingbut up to4 gigabyte

Fast Yes – verysmall androbust

Multimedia – File TypesFile Types

There are many different ways to store files but choosing the correct file type can dramatically reduce the amount of backing storage required.

Some file types compress the data, which makes the storage requirements smaller and therefore faster to download.

Multimedia – File TypesText

Text files may have one of the following file extensions: .txt text .doc document .rtf rich text format

Doc and txt are versions of saving word-processed documents. However, if the file is open in another application the original formatting (bold, italic etc) of the text may be lost.

RTF files are saved with all the formatting information. RTF files can be opened using many packages and the format will still be there.

Multimedia – File Types Graphics files may have one of the following file extensions:

.bmp bitmap .gif graphics interchange format – a bit-mapped graphics file

format .jpeg Joint Photographic Experts Group – used for photos and

graphics

Bitmapped graphics A bitmapped graphic is a picture made up of a grid of dots called

pixels. A pixel can be stored in 1 bit of the computer’s memory. A black pixel is stored as a 1 and a white pixel as a 0. The bitmap picture stores data about each pixel which means bitmap pictures have a large storage requirement.

File compression Makes the file size smaller

Compressing using GIF GIF files reduce storage requirements of a bitmap graphic.

Compressing using JPEG JPEG file compression reduces the file size by about eighty

percent. This is done by cutting out parts of the graphic that won’t be noticed by the human eye.

Multimedia – File TypesMoving images

Moving images come in two formats, video or animation images. Animations are created using animation software, whereas video images are captured from a video camera.

Video files may have one of the following file extensions:

.mpeg Moving Picture Experts Group .avi Audio Video Interleave

(Microsoft’s Video for Windows standard)

Files saved as MPEG are compressed by cutting out any unchanged data from the various frames in the video. MPEG files are therefore easier to store.

Files saved as .AVI store the audio and video data in a single file and this is not compressed. This limits the quality and size of the video to be stored.

Multimedia – File TypesAnimation software

Animations are a series of still pictures that have a slight change in each picture.

They are played very fast so they give the impression of a moving picture, like a flick book.

Text, graphs and buttons on web pages as well as pictures can all be animated.

Multimedia – File TypesCapturing and storing audio

The vibration of air creates the sounds we hear. Your eardrum changes these vibrations of air into sound that we recognise.

Sound files may have the file extension: .wav WAV sound file .mp3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3

Files saved as .WAV are compressed but still have a fairly high storage requirement.

Files saved as .MP3 compress the file smaller than a .wav file.

Audio compression Compression of audio files is necessary due to the size of raw

audio data. Compressing the sound file means that, because the file is

smaller, it will be quicker to download it.

Multimedia – SoftwareMultimedia software

Once you have collected a mixture of text, graphic and audio files you will need to put them together in a format that can be viewed as a presentation.

There are a number of software packages which allow us to create our own multimedia presentation.

Presentation packagesPresentation packages are application packages that

allow you to create multimedia presentations. This is done by creating slides or pages, which can

include text, sound and graphics.

Multimedia – SoftwareMultimedia authoring packages Are similar to presentation packages but have better

features for creating your multimedia presentation.

Desktop publishing packages DTP packages use material such as text and graphics that

have already been created and saved to another file. The material already created is imported into the DTP

package, which allows you to lay out your page in any format you choose.

Templates Most packages will provide the user with templates, which

can be adapted to suit the user’s needs. Templates are ready-made blank documents with

placeholders for the insertion of text and graphics.

Multimedia – SoftwareThere are many operations that are the same in different

software packages:

Save files The computer will write all of the data in your file to the backing

storage device.

Printing The computer will send your file to the printer and a hard copy

(printout) will be printed.

Colours you can make the colour of text to make your presentation more

interesting.

Text/graphic effects A number of applications allow you to alter the effect of text. You can choose how you wish your text to appear, and there is a

range of options including fading in and out, dropping in from the top and flashing.

History of YouTubeFounded in February 2005 and officially launched in

December 2005

Consumer media company for the sharing, commenting, and viewing of original videos worldwide

Purchased by Google October 9, 2006YouTube still operates independentlyGoogle bought YouTube for $1.76 billion

What is YouTube...?YouTube is a video sharing web-site where users can upload,

view and share video clips. Unregistered users can watch most videos on the site by visiting http://youtube.com, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos, each with a maximum length of 10 minutes.

Making Youtube THE MOST DEMOCRATIC web-site on the internet - so democratic, in fact, that some governments have or are now considering banning its use

YouTube Statistics1st largest video site on the web, Around 100 Million Visitors visit YouTube per

Month,5 Billion Video Streams Every month - 40% of

all videos online,(Do the Math - 5 Billion / 300 million worldwide visitors = 17 streams a month per person)

15 Hours of video uploaded every minute. Did you know: In August 2008, YouTube

became the #2 search engines over Yahoo on Web (#1 is Google)

YouTube Statistics Shocking Statistics!People come to YouTube to visit 1 video, but end up watching several videos like 7 or 15 videos you wonder where the time has gone?

Well we are not the person alone. 77% of users coming to YouTube come intending to watch 1 video but end up watching several.

As of April 9, 2008, a YouTube search returns about 83.4 million videos and 3.75 million user channels.

YouTube uses 45 terabytes of storage space which costs aprox. $1million a day, returning zero profit. In 2007, YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire internet did in 2000.

Make YouTube Marketing Pay off Without Spending a CentMany companies will create a YouTube channel and then will

upload nothing but "commercials" to their channelMany companies quickly find that they are not successful

with this type of marketing.Companies who create a "viral video" experience, where in

they create characters and a storyline to "secretly" sell products and services are 400 times more successful with YouTube marketing

The majority of companies who have found great success with YouTube marketing will upload anywhere between 1 and 3 videos per week! The more updates that you create, the more people that you will reach and the more traffic you will generate to your business

Promote your Products through YouTube videosIf you have a product to sell, make the video in such a way

that you should attract viewersProminently display your phone number and webpage

address in the videoIf you are a consultant and want to promote your services,

try to upload motivational lecture or slideshow about your specific business practices to demonstrate your client

If you are a musician to sell a CD, create a music videoIf you are and artist, create photo slideshow

Sell Product Placement in Your VideosJust as movie studios and television networks sell product

placement in their movies and TV shows,You can also sell them in your YouTube videos, especially if you

have a track record of high viewership. If you need extra resources to sell product placements, you

can use the services of Entertainment Media Works a company that specializes in product placements.

You can use plinking, the process of adding a link to a product or service to an object or image in a video, such as a Cloths you're wearing.

Online AdvertisingOnline market steadily risingConsumers spending more time on Web

Shopping, Networking, Etc.Companies shifting budget away from TV advertising

and towards online video marketMore opportunities for video sharing and advertising

sites

Best Formats for UploadingYouTube can accept almost any video format for upload, but

for most users have found the following settings give the best results.

Video Format: H.264, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 preferred Aspect Ratio: 4:3, 16:9) Resolution: 640x360 (16:9) or 480x360 (4:3) recommended Audio Format: MP3 or AAC preferred Frames per second: 30 Maximum length: 10 minutes (we recommend 2-3 minutes) Maximum file size: 1 GB

ConclusionOnline video is the wave of the future…… so, get out there and start posting and

watching!

BASICBASICPhotoshopePhotoshope

ObjectivesObjectivesBe familiar with the Photoshop environment.Understand the concept and use the

Photoshop.Create graphics and manipulate images using

the different tools and plug-ins of Photoshop.

What is Adobe Photoshop?What is Adobe Photoshop?Photoshop is the leading professional image-

editing program, released by Adobe. Photoshop is useful for both creating and editing images to be used in print or online. Easy to use, but full of high-quality features, Photoshop is the best choice for any image manipulation job.

Using PhotoshopUsing PhotoshopPowerPoint or PresentationsPublications and lay-outs

Hand-out, brochuresWorld Wide Web

Graphics for web, web designs, navigationsVideo SegmentingDigital Materials

Introduction to PhotoshopIntroduction to Photoshop Photo Restoration and manipulation

Introduction to PhotoshopIntroduction to PhotoshopWorking colors and shapes

Introduction to PhotoshopIntroduction to PhotoshopWorking with Text

Introduction to PhotoshopIntroduction to PhotoshopWorking with Graphics and images

Starting with PhotoshopStarting with PhotoshopClick the "Start" menu and go to the

"Programs" folder. You will see an "Adobe" folder with "Photoshop" inside; click this icon.

Photoshop InterfacePhotoshop Interface

The menu bar consists of nine menus: File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, View, Window, and Help.

Photoshop InterfacePhotoshop Interface

The ToolboxThe ToolboxThe toolbox contains many of the tools you

will be working with in Photoshop. This contains tools for working with images in Photoshop.

Understanding LayersUnderstanding LayersOne of Photoshop’s most powerful

features is the ability to create and use multiple layers within the same image. A layer is literally what it sounds like: one layer on top of another, all of which can be edited independently of each other and laid on top of or beneath one another, and then later combined to form a single, flat image.

Understanding LayersUnderstanding LayersSo what are all these options in the layers

window?

1. Paintbrush Symbol - This symbol (and the blue shading of the layer) notes the currently active layer

2. Show / Hide Layer - When the eye icon is visible, the layer is displayed in your project. If the eye is clicked, then the layer is hidden but not deleted.

Understanding LayersUnderstanding Layers 3. Link Icon - Indicates if the layer is

currently linked to another layer. When linked, layers act “locked” together (and will move with each other, accordingly), but still remain separate layers. Layers can be linked together by selecting one layer, and then clicking the boxes in the other layers to display the “Link” icon (number three on the above list and image).

Understanding LayersUnderstanding Layers 4. Background - The Background is

technically not a layer, however, it can be edited. It is the bottom-most portion of the image.

5. Layer - Each layer has its own name (default is by numbering). Click a layer’s name to edit on that layer.

6. Text Layer - Adding text creates a new text-specific layer.

Graphic File FormatsGraphic File FormatsGIF: Graphics Interchange Format. Limited to

8 bit, 256 colors. Used for large areas of uniform color. Lossless compression. 2/3rds compression: 96KB = 64KB. Can assign one color as transparent, can also use animation.

JPEG: Joint Photographers Experts Group. The best platform for photographic images; textures and gradations. Very small file size: 96KB = 32KB.

TIFF: Tagged Image File Format. High Quality (used mostly for print).

PSD: Photoshop’s native file format

Creating an Image ArchiveCreating an Image ArchiveBe sure to maintain the original file.It is best to create your graphics files in TIF

PSD whenever possible. Then save the file as a JPEG or GIF format for

web publishing.

Image ResolutionImage ResolutionThe number of pixels in a

linear inch (ppi) is called image resolution. The more ppi, the higher

the image resolution, and the larger the file size.

The standard screen resolution is 72 ppi.Images used for the Web

should have an image resolution of 72 ppi.