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Introduction
Tomato growers prefer buying quality seedlings grown in professional
nurseries to have an assured supply of healthy planting material.
Tomato nursery is infested by many insects pest which affect the
growth, vigor and quality of the seedlings produced in the nursery.
Tomato seedlings need to be protected from pests like whiteflies,
thrips, aphids, leaf hoppers, mites etc. Various methods such as
cultural, mechanical, chemical, biological, can be used for managing
pest population at lower level in tomato nursery.
Aphids
Aphids are soft, oblong insects about 2.5 mm in length. They suck cell sap
from young plant parts and affect their growth.
Management practices:
Removal of residues of earlier crop from nursery site. Use nitrogen fertilizer
in less amounts and FYM in ample amounts.
Spraying solution of soap and cow urine or neem cake extract.
Spraying of Dimethoate @1.7 ml/liter. or Phosphamidon @ 0.5 ml/liter. or
Oxydemeton methyl @ 1ml/liter reduces the pest population.
.
Aphids infestation on Tomato seedlings
Aphid infestation on Tomato leaves
Aphids
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Adult white fly are 1-2 mm long and are feeds on the leaf sap. It
lays eggs on the underside of leaves and hatch after one week.
Management practices:
•Spraying of Dimethoate 30 EC @1.7 ml/liter or Phosphamidon 95
WS @ 0.5 ml/liter or Oxydemeton methyl 25 EC@ 1ml/liter.
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Whitefly infestation on Tomato seedlings
Whitefly infestation on Tomato leaves
Thrips
Thrips are very small insects about 0.5 to 2 mm long. They lay eggs
on leaves. Larvae appear after about 10 days. Larvae and adult
thrips suck leaf sap resulting into silvery spots on the leaves. A few
thrips species acts as vectors of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV).
Management practices:
•Deep ploughing of the nursery site in summer can kill pupating
thrips.
•Spraying with soap or neem cake extract is useful. However,
spraying of Dimethoate 30 EC @1.7 ml/liter is very effective.
Eggs and larvae of thrips on Tomato seedlings
Thrips infestation on Tomato leaves
Thrips
Leafhoppers (Empoasca fabae)
Leaf hopper are about 2-3 mm long and walk sideways when
disturbed. They lay green banana-shaped eggs on the underside of
the leaves. Nymphs and adults suck cell sap from leaf cells. In severe
infestation the entire leaf turns light green in color.
Management practices:
•Using leaf hopper resistant cultivars.
•Spraying Neem or Karanj or Pyrethrum extracts.
• Spraying Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.5 ml/liter or Acetamiprid 0.5 ml/iter.
Eggs and larvae of thrips on Tomato seedlings
Thrips infestation on Tomato leaves
Leaf hoppers (Empoasca fabae)
Mites (Tetranychus species.)
Mites are spider-like insects which forms an airy web of thin threads.
Mites are smaller than 1 mm, often yellow, red or orange in color and
lay eggs on the underside of leaf. Larvae and adult insects suck sap
from the leaves and stems which turns yellow and dries. The mite
infestation and damage is more in summer and dry season.
Management practices:
•Mites infestation is less in monsoon.
•Spray with soap or kerosene-soap solution.
•Spraying of Dicofol can reduce mites populations.