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XML use cases XML use cases What is XML ?What is XML ? XML syntaxXML syntax Document definitions and validationDocument definitions and validation XML parsersXML parsers XSL translationsXSL translations SOAP, a.k.a. Web ServicesSOAP, a.k.a. Web Services Biztalk overviewBiztalk overview
ObjectivesObjectives
Reading XML documentsReading XML documents Understanding XML terminology and Understanding XML terminology and
acronymsacronyms Examples of XML applicationsExamples of XML applications
XML Use CasesXML Use Cases
Application integrationApplication integration Generic format for data transfer for Generic format for data transfer for
E-commerce and other web applicationsE-commerce and other web applications Storing and accessing structured dataStoring and accessing structured data
Application IntegrationApplication Integration
High costs and effort because application High costs and effort because application data isdata is ProprietaryProprietary IncompatibleIncompatible Undocumented legacy dataUndocumented legacy data Different data formatsDifferent data formats
Same data, different formatSame data, different format
fifteenfifteen
XVXV
““15”15”
11111111
15.0015.00
0x0F0x0F
0001 01010001 0101
The InternetThe Internet
The ultimate integration environmentThe ultimate integration environment Many different systems and platformsMany different systems and platforms Time to market measured in internet timeTime to market measured in internet time Today XML is already integrated inToday XML is already integrated in
Operating systemsOperating systems ApplicationsApplications DatabasesDatabases Development toolsDevelopment tools BrowsersBrowsers ……
XML design goalsXML design goals
Flexible, extensible and support for wide Flexible, extensible and support for wide variety of applicationsvariety of applications
Must be simple and light weightMust be simple and light weight Straightforwardly usable over the internetStraightforwardly usable over the internet
What is XML?What is XML?
Meta language for self describing Meta language for self describing structured datastructured data
Consists of data and tagsConsists of data and tags Extensible language, users can define their Extensible language, users can define their
own specific tagsown specific tags Version 1.0 specification approved by W3C Version 1.0 specification approved by W3C
as recommendationas recommendation
XML HistoryXML History
Subset of Standard Generalized Markup Subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)Language (SGML)
Far less complexFar less complex 20% of SGML features20% of SGML features 80% of SGML functionality 80% of SGML functionality (XML spec is 26 pages, SGML 500+)(XML spec is 26 pages, SGML 500+)
XML vs. HTMLXML vs. HTML
XMLXML Subset of SGMLSubset of SGML ExtensibleExtensible Focus on dataFocus on data
HTMLHTML SGML applicationSGML application FixedFixed Focus on presentationFocus on presentation
XML Document StructureXML Document Structure
<?xml version=“1.0” ?><?xml version=“1.0” ?>
<doc_root_element> <data_element> … </data_element></doc_root_element>
<!DOCTYPE name [ …]>
Document dataDocument dataDocument dataDocument data
Document definitionDocument definition(optional)(optional)
Document definitionDocument definition(optional)(optional)
XML declarationXML declaration(processing instructions)(processing instructions)
XML declarationXML declaration(processing instructions)(processing instructions)
Basic XML syntaxBasic XML syntax
Human “readable” textHuman “readable” text Support for Unicode character setSupport for Unicode character set Syntax is stricter than for example HTMLSyntax is stricter than for example HTML
Tags And DataTags And Data
Document consists of data marked up by Document consists of data marked up by tagstags
Tags describe meaning and structure of Tags describe meaning and structure of data data
An element is a group of start-tag/end-tag An element is a group of start-tag/end-tag with the data in between with the data in between
<Book>Essential XML</Book><Book>Essential XML</Book>
Start-tag End-tagData
Start- and End-TagsStart- and End-Tags
Element must have a matching start- and end-tagElement must have a matching start- and end-tag
<one>hello</one><two>world</two> <one>hello</one><two>world</two> <one>hello <two>world</two> <one>hello <two>world</two>
Empty elements can be written asEmpty elements can be written as
<tag></tag> <tag></tag> <tag/><tag/>
Tags are case sensitiveTags are case sensitive
XML Basic SyntaxXML Basic Syntax
XML elements can have nested child elements to XML elements can have nested child elements to structure to structure document in levelsstructure to structure document in levels
<outer><outer> <inner>text</inner><inner>text</inner>
</outer></outer>
<outer><outer> <inner></outer><inner></outer>
</inner></inner>
Root elementRoot element
A XML document must have A XML document must have oneone root element: root element:
<library><library> <book>XML in action</book><book>XML in action</book><book>Essential XML</book><book>Essential XML</book>
</ library ></ library >
< book > XML in action </ book >< book > XML in action </ book > < book > Essential XML </ book >< book > Essential XML </ book >
What is the document root ?What is the document root ?
CommentsComments
Syntax for comments is:Syntax for comments is:
<! -- This is a comment --><! -- This is a comment -->
Comments be placed everywhere in the Comments be placed everywhere in the document except inside element tagsdocument except inside element tags
<tag <!-- comment --> > <tag <!-- comment --> >
AttributesAttributes
Attributes associate named values to an Attributes associate named values to an elementelement
Attributes are part of the start-tag Attributes are part of the start-tag
<publication <publication type=“book”type=“book”>><title>XML in action</title><title>XML in action</title>
<price <price currency=“USD”currency=“USD”>49.99</price>>49.99</price></ publication ></ publication >
Values must be double or single quotedValues must be double or single quoted
XML ExampleXML Example
<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=”UTF-8” ?><?xml version=“1.0” encoding=”UTF-8” ?><library><library>
<book><book><title>XML in action</title><title>XML in action</title><price currency=“USD”>49.99</price><price currency=“USD”>49.99</price><isbn>0-7356-0562-9</isbn><isbn>0-7356-0562-9</isbn><rating scale=“5”>3</rating><rating scale=“5”>3</rating>
</book></book><book><book>
<title>Essentail XML</title><title>Essentail XML</title><price currency=“USD”>34.95</price><price currency=“USD”>34.95</price><isbn>0-201-70914-7</isbn><isbn>0-201-70914-7</isbn><rating scale=“5”>4</rating><rating scale=“5”>4</rating>
</book></book></ library > </ library >
RootRootRootRoot
Book elementBook elementBook elementBook element
Currency attribute for Currency attribute for price elementprice element
Currency attribute for Currency attribute for price elementprice element
Processing instructionProcessing instructionProcessing instructionProcessing instruction
Child elements Child elements of Bookof Book
Child elements Child elements of Bookof Book
Valid vs. Well Formed XMLValid vs. Well Formed XML
Well formed:Well formed:Valid XML Valid XML syntaxsyntax
Valid document:Valid document:ContentContent of document valid conform of document valid conform specification of documentspecification of document
A valid document is automatically a well A valid document is automatically a well formed documentformed document
A well formed document is not always a A well formed document is not always a valid documentvalid document
Document specificationsDocument specifications
Describes structure and contents of XML Describes structure and contents of XML documentdocument
Parsers can use schema’s to validate a Parsers can use schema’s to validate a documentdocument
Validation is optionalValidation is optional Think if/where validation should take placeThink if/where validation should take place Document Type Definitions (DTD), part of Document Type Definitions (DTD), part of
XML 1.0 standardXML 1.0 standard
DTD exampleDTD example
<?xml version=“1.0”?>
<!DOCTYPE CATALOG [ <!ELEMENT BOOK (TITLE, PRICE)>
<!ELEMENT TITLE(#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT PRICE(#PCDATA)
]>
< CATALOG > <BOOK> <TITLE>XML in action</TITLE> <PRICE>49.95</PRICE> </BOOK></ CATALOG >
DTD IssuesDTD Issues
Good DTD’s are difficult to write (Good DTD’s are difficult to write (EExtended xtended BBackus ackus NNaur aur FForm notation)orm notation)
DTD’s are not extensible and many DTD’s are not extensible and many limitationslimitations
Most important limitation is lack of data Most important limitation is lack of data typestypes
XML SchemasXML Schemas
Alternative for DTD’sAlternative for DTD’s XML is used to describe the structure of the XML is used to describe the structure of the
document, no need to learn new language document, no need to learn new language or use other toolsor use other tools
Lifts most limitations of DTD’s (data types )Lifts most limitations of DTD’s (data types ) XSD, XSD,
XML schema specificationXML schema specification W3C recommendationW3C recommendation
XDRXDR Early MS version of XSDEarly MS version of XSD
<Schema ><Schema >
<ElementType name=“title" content="textOnly“><ElementType name=“title" content="textOnly“><ElementType name=“isbn" content="textOnly”/><ElementType name=“isbn" content="textOnly”/>
<ElementType name=“book" content="eltOnly"> <ElementType name=“book" content="eltOnly"> <element type=“title"/><element type=“title"/><element type=“isbn"/> <element type=“isbn"/>
</ElementType> </ElementType>
</Schema> </Schema>
XML-Data Schemas simple exampleXML-Data Schemas simple example
XML ParsersXML Parsers
Parse XML documentParse XML document Validate XML syntax (always)Validate XML syntax (always) Validate content (optional)Validate content (optional) Access dataAccess data Update dataUpdate data Translate data (XSL)Translate data (XSL)
XML Parser typesXML Parser types
Two different parser modelsTwo different parser models
Document Object Model (DOM)Document Object Model (DOM) Complete document in memoryComplete document in memory Easy access for applicationsEasy access for applications Queries on dataQueries on data TranslationsTranslations
Simple API for XML (SAX)Simple API for XML (SAX) Generates event per parsed elementGenerates event per parsed element Large documentsLarge documents Batch processingBatch processing More difficult to use than DOMMore difficult to use than DOM
Document Object ModelDocument Object Model
DOM defines logical structure of a parsed DOM defines logical structure of a parsed XML documentXML document
DOM defines how data can be accessed and DOM defines how data can be accessed and manipulatedmanipulated
Provides standardized API (level 1, 2 and 3)Provides standardized API (level 1, 2 and 3) DOM can also be used to create or modify DOM can also be used to create or modify
XML documentsXML documents
Document Object ModelDocument Object Model
documentdocument
root noderoot node
nodenode
nodenode
nodenode
nodenode
nodenode
nodenode
nodenodeNode lists
A node can contain child nodes or text
Querying the DOM through XPathQuerying the DOM through XPath
XPath declarative language for locating XPath declarative language for locating nodes and fragments in XML treesnodes and fragments in XML trees
Allow you to locate nodes by:Allow you to locate nodes by: Absolute or relative positionAbsolute or relative position Element or attribute typesElement or attribute types Element or attribute valuesElement or attribute values Combinations using boolean operatorsCombinations using boolean operators
Also used in XSL, XPointer and XLink Also used in XSL, XPointer and XLink specificationsspecifications
XPath examplesXPath examples
All books in the current contextAll books in the current contextbook (equal to ./book)book (equal to ./book)
All books anywhere in the documentAll books anywhere in the document//book//book
All books with specified element valueAll books with specified element valuebook[title=“Essential XML”]book[title=“Essential XML”]
or a specified attribute valueor a specified attribute valuebook[@type=“paperback”]book[@type=“paperback”]
or just having the attributeor just having the attributebook[@type]book[@type]
The first 3 booksThe first 3 booksbook[index()<4]book[index()<4]
Extended Stylesheet Language XSLExtended Stylesheet Language XSL
Similarities with CSS, but more powerfulSimilarities with CSS, but more powerful Applies translations to data that matches a Applies translations to data that matches a
patternpattern Close to becoming a standard (draft status Close to becoming a standard (draft status
W3C)W3C)
XSL translationsXSL translations
XSLT is based on pattern matching and XSLT is based on pattern matching and templatestemplates
A template rule consist of a pattern and a A template rule consist of a pattern and a templatetemplate
Processor finds best matching pattern and Processor finds best matching pattern and applies related template for translationapplies related template for translation
XSL stylesheet exampleXSL stylesheet example
<xsl:stylesheet….>… <xsl-template match=“title”> <tr><td><b><xsl-value-of select=“text()”/></td></tr>…</xsl:stylesheet>
<xsl:stylesheet….>… <xsl-template match=“title”> <tr><td><b><xsl-value-of select=“text()”/></td></tr>…</xsl:stylesheet>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl“ href=“books.xsl"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl“ href=“books.xsl"?> <books> <book><title>Essential XML</title></book> <book><title>XML in action</title></book></books>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl“ href=“books.xsl"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl“ href=“books.xsl"?> <books> <book><title>Essential XML</title></book> <book><title>XML in action</title></book></books>
<tr><td><b>Essential XML</td></tr><tr><td><b>XML in action</td></tr>
<tr><td><b>Essential XML</td></tr><tr><td><b>XML in action</td></tr>
XML DataXML Data
XSLXSLstyle sheetstyle sheet
(partial)(partial)
HTMLHTMLoutputoutput
++
==
XSL usageXSL usage
Formatting and displaying XML data as HTML, Formatting and displaying XML data as HTML, PDF, etc.PDF, etc.
Converting XML document:Converting XML document: Other XML document structures Other XML document structures
(XML->XML)(XML->XML) Other data formats (CSV, Edifact)Other data formats (CSV, Edifact)
MS Biztalk mapping editor generate XLS to MS Biztalk mapping editor generate XLS to convert XML, Flat file and Edifact documents to convert XML, Flat file and Edifact documents to XML and back.XML and back.
XML ApplicationsXML Applications
XML in real applicationsXML in real applications SSimple imple OObject bject AAccess ccess PProtocolrotocol Microsoft Biztalk 2000Microsoft Biztalk 2000
Note this is not a training on SOAP and BiztalkNote this is not a training on SOAP and Biztalk
Software integrationSoftware integration
Today’s middlewareToday’s middleware Vendor and language dependedVendor and language depended
• COM+ v.s. EJBCOM+ v.s. EJB• Interoperability problemsInteroperability problems
Was not designed to use over the internetWas not designed to use over the internet• Reliable communicationsReliable communications• FirewallsFirewalls
ComplexComplex
SOAPSOAP
Simple Object Access ProtocolSimple Object Access Protocol Invoking object methods using XML and HTTP Invoking object methods using XML and HTTP Specification written by Microsoft, IBM, Software Specification written by Microsoft, IBM, Software
and Developmentorand Developmentor Vendor and middleware independency (the end Vendor and middleware independency (the end
of middleware battles ?)of middleware battles ?) Supported and available Supported and available todaytoday from most major from most major
vendors (MS,IBM,IONA etc.)vendors (MS,IBM,IONA etc.) Core technology in Microsoft .NET web servicesCore technology in Microsoft .NET web services
SOAPSOAP
Vendor AVendor A Vendor BVendor B
This whole process is transparent for client and component
ClientClientapplicationapplication ComponentComponent
XML/HTTPXML/HTTP
22
2. Soap proxy intercepts call and constructs and transmits XML request message
SoapSoaplistenerlistener
33
3. Soap listener receives, parses and validates request
44
4. Listener calls component message
566
5. Listener takes result of call and constructs and transmits XML response
6. Proxy receives and parses response and returns result to client
SoapSoapproxyproxy
11
1. Client application makes call
Simple SOAP Request Simple SOAP Request
POST /StockQuote HTTP/1.1 POST /StockQuote HTTP/1.1 Host: www.stockquoteserver.com Host: www.stockquoteserver.com Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8“ Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8“ Content-Length: 323 Content-Length: 323 SOAPAction: Some-Namespace-URI#SOAPAction: Some-Namespace-URI#GetLastTradePrice GetLastTradePrice
<SQ:Envelope <SQ:Envelope xmlns: SOAP ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns: SOAP ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SQ :encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/“> SQ :encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/“>
< SQ :Body>< SQ :Body>
<m:<m:GetLastTradePriceGetLastTradePrice xmlns:m="Some-Namespace-URI"> xmlns:m="Some-Namespace-URI"> <symbol> <symbol>MSFTMSFT</symbol></symbol> </m:GetLastTradePrice> </m:GetLastTradePrice>
</ SQ :Body></ SQ :Body>
</ SQ :Envelope> </ SQ :Envelope> GetLastTradePrice(“MSFT”)
EnvelopeEnvelope
BodyBody
HTTP headersHTTP headers
Simple SOAP ResponseSimple SOAP Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OKHTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8“Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8“Content-Length: nnnnContent-Length: nnnn
<SP:Envelope<SP:Envelopexmlns:SP="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"xmlns:SP="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"SP:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">SP:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/">
<SP:Body><SP:Body>
<m:<m:GetLastTradePriceResponseGetLastTradePriceResponse xmlns:m="Some-Namespace-URI">xmlns:m="Some-Namespace-URI">
<Price> <Price>160.95160.95</Price></Price> </m:GetLastTradePriceResponse> </m:GetLastTradePriceResponse>
</SP:Body></SP:Body>
</SP:Envelope></SP:Envelope>
Result
HTTP headersHTTP headers
EnvelopeEnvelope
BodyBody
What Is Biztalk ?What Is Biztalk ?
Biztalk Community (Biztalk.org)Biztalk Community (Biztalk.org) Library for business document specificationLibrary for business document specification Stimulate reuseStimulate reuse Submit and retrieve document specificationsSubmit and retrieve document specifications 400+ third-party XML business documents400+ third-party XML business documents 150+ registered organizations150+ registered organizations
Biztalk FrameworkBiztalk Framework XML Specification for document routing and exchange XML Specification for document routing and exchange
(SOAP 1.1 compliant)(SOAP 1.1 compliant)
Biztalk ServerBiztalk Server Microsoft server product for processing, transforming, Microsoft server product for processing, transforming,
signing, routing of documentssigning, routing of documents
B2B challengesB2B challenges
My companySuppliers
Customers
Business to BusinessBusiness to Business
Different data format (EDI, CSV, XML…)Different data format (EDI, CSV, XML…) Different document structuresDifferent document structures Different protocolsDifferent protocols Different encryption technologiesDifferent encryption technologies Different operating systems Different operating systems Legacy ERP and other back office systemsLegacy ERP and other back office systems
Design time toolsDesign time tools Schema, transformation definitionSchema, transformation definition
Document processing serverDocument processing server MessagingMessaging
CommunicationCommunication TransformationTransformation RoutingRouting EncryptionEncryption
WorkflowWorkflow OrchestrationOrchestration
Biztalk ServerBiztalk Server
Biztalk ServerBiztalk Server
XSL Engine
XSLmapXSL
Map
BiztalkMapper
ParserParser
InternalInternalXMLXMLdocdoc
SerializeSerializer
InternalInternalXMLXMLdocdoc
EDI EDI docdoc
CSVCSVfilefile
XML XML docdoc
InboundInbounddocumentdocument
EDI EDI docdoc
CSVCSVfilefile
XML XML docdoc
OutboundOutbounddocumentdocument
DocspecDocDoc
specspec
Biztalkeditoreditor
XML in BiztalkXML in Biztalk
XML in BiztalkXML in Biztalk
VisioVisioDiagramDiagram
SchedulerScheduler
XLANGRuntime
XLANGXLANGscheduleschedule
ApplicationsApplications
BiztalkBiztalkMessagingMessaging
CompileCompile
XML in Biztalk ServerXML in Biztalk Server
XML for describing all in- and outbound XML for describing all in- and outbound business documents as an extended Data-business documents as an extended Data-SchemaSchema
XSL for document translationsXSL for document translations XML as internal format for all processed XML as internal format for all processed
documents documents XLANG workflow schedulesXLANG workflow schedules
Biztalk demosBiztalk demos
Biztalk EditorBiztalk Editor Biztalk MapperBiztalk Mapper Biztalk OrchestrationBiztalk Orchestration
Things to read…Things to read…
XML in ActionXML in ActionMS-PressMS-Press
ISBN 0735605629ISBN 0735605629
Professional XMLProfessional XMLWROXWROX
ISBN 1861003110ISBN 1861003110
Understanding SOAPUnderstanding SOAPSAMSSAMS
ISBN 0672319225ISBN 0672319225
Essential XMLEssential XMLAddison WesleyAddison WesleyISBN 0201709147ISBN 0201709147
Places to go…Places to go…
http://www.w3c.orghttp://www.w3c.org (all mentioned standards)(all mentioned standards)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/http://msdn.microsoft.com/xmlxml (tutorials and reference on xml)(tutorials and reference on xml)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/soaphttp://msdn.microsoft.com/soap(tutorials and reference on xml)(tutorials and reference on xml)
http://www.biztalk.orghttp://www.biztalk.org(Biztalk organization)(Biztalk organization)
<QUESTIONS/><QUESTIONS/>
Biztalk OrchestrationBiztalk Orchestration
Biztalk EditorBiztalk Editor
Biztalk MapperBiztalk Mapper
