Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networkingocw.snu.ac.kr/sites/default/files/NOTE/1. Introduction to... · 2020. 10. 7. · Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking Kyunghan

Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking

Kyunghan LeeNetworked Computing Lab (NXC Lab)

Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National University

https://[email protected]

Adapted from Prof. Sunghyun Choi’s slides

WIRELESS NETWORKING, 430.752B, 2020 SPRINGSEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

2

Syllabus

fields with ◇ * : required fields If you don’t release the syllabus, you may have some disadvantages.◇

Course No. 430.752B Lecture No. 001Course Title

(Subtit le) Wireless Networking Credit 3

RepresentativeInstructor

Name Kyunghan Lee (Associate Professor) Homepage https://nxc.snu.ac.krE-mail [email protected] Phone No. 02-880-1672

Interview Time/Place : Tue/Thu 11:00am 12:00pm, Building 301, Room 1006– Prerequisite

* 1.Purpose of Course

In this course, we will learn and discuss various wireless and mobile networking topics over popular wireless access network standards including 802.11 (WLAN), LTE, and 5G. Such topics will cover conventional approaches as well as state-of-the-art approaches related to major technical issues characterizing the capability and the efficiency of link layer, network layer, and transport layer protocols for wireless and mobile networking.

* 2.Materials and Reference

We will mainly use presentation slides and recent research papers for the lectures. Reference * Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker, LTE, The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice, 2nd Ed., Wiley, 2011. * Bernhard H. Walke, Stefan Mangold, Lars Berlemann, IEEE 802 Wireless Systems: Protocols, Multi-Hop, Performance and Spectrum Coexistence, 1s t Ed., Wiley, 2007. * James F. Kurose, Kei th W. Ross, Computer Networking, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2016.

* 3.Evaluation Method

Attendance Task Medium Final Random Evalua tion Attitude Other Total10 35 0 40 10 5 0 0

AttendancePolicy :

Students who are absent for over 1/3 of the class will receive a grade of 'F' or 'U' for the course. (Exceptions can be made when the cause of absence is deemed unavoidable by the course instructor.)

Remark of Others :

* 4.Lecture Plan

Week1. Part I. Preliminaries: Introduction to wireless/mobile networking (ONLINE) Week2. Part I. Preliminaries: Performance measures and application performance (ONLINE) Week3. Part I. Preliminaries: Wireless access channels Week4. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the link layer and wireless MAC Week5. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the network layer and wireless proxy Week6. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the transport layer and wireless TCP/UDP Week7. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Introduction to WiFi networks and their PHY layers Week8. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: MAC protocols Week9. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Recent advances in WiFi networks Week10. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: Introduction to LTE/5G Week11. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: RRC/RLC/MAC/Cellular transport protocols Week12. Part IV. Bluetooth/WPAN Week13. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches I Week14. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches II (mainly on AI-based approaches) * The planned contents may vary in order to reflect the most recent research trends.

5.References to Course

Registration This course is taught in English. Tasks, quizzes, and evaluations may include paper review, presentation, and writing.

6. Support Services for

Students with Disabilities

You can ※ modify these

default contents.

For Lectures ○ Physical Disability: Make textbooks (digital textbook), Allow note takers and assistants○ Health Impairment: Excuse absence due to health problems, Allow note takers

For Assignments & Evaluations

Others

Students who take this course can get appropriate level of support service including the support listed above depending on the students’ individual characteristics and needs through consultation with professors and the Support Center for Students with Disabilities. If you have any questions concerning support service for students with disabilities you can Support Center for Students with Disabilities (02-880-8787).


3

Syllabus

fields with ◇ * : required fields If you don’t release the syllabus, you may have some disadvantages.◇

Course No. 430.752B Lecture No. 001Course Title

(Subtit le) Wireless Networking Credit 3

RepresentativeInstructor

Name Kyunghan Lee (Associate Professor) Homepage https://nxc.snu.ac.krE-mail [email protected] Phone No. 02-880-1672

Interview Time/Place : Tue/Thu 11:00am 12:00pm, Building 301, Room 1006– Prerequisite

* 1.Purpose of Course

In this course, we will learn and discuss various wireless and mobile networking topics over popular wireless access network standards including 802.11 (WLAN), LTE, and 5G. Such topics will cover conventional approaches as well as state-of-the-art approaches related to major technical issues characterizing the capability and the efficiency of link layer, network layer, and transport layer protocols for wireless and mobile networking.

* 2.Materials and Reference

We will mainly use presentation slides and recent research papers for the lectures. Reference * Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker, LTE, The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice, Second Edition, Wiley, 2011. * James F. Kurose & Kei th W. Ross, Computer Networking, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2016.

* 3.Evaluation Method

Attendance Task Medium Final Random Evalua tion Attitude Other Total10 35 0 40 10 5 0 0

AttendancePolicy :

Students who are absent for over 1/3 of the class will receive a grade of 'F' or 'U' for the course. (Exceptions can be made when the cause of absence is deemed unavoidable by the course instructor.)

Remark of Others :

* 4.Lecture Plan

Week1. Part I. Preliminaries: Introduction to wireless/mobile networking (ONLINE) Week2. Part I. Preliminaries: Performance measures and application performance (ONLINE) Week3. Part I. Preliminaries: Wireless access channels Week4. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the link layer and wireless MAC Week5. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the network layer and wireless proxy Week6. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the transport layer and wireless TCP/UDP Week7. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Introduction to WiFi networks and their PHY layers Week8. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: MAC protocols Week9. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Recent advances in WiFi networks Week10. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: Introduction to LTE/5G Week11. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: RRC/RLC/MAC/Cellular transport protocols Week12. Part IV. Bluetooth/WPAN Week13. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches I Week14. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches II (mainly on AI-based approaches) * The planned contents may vary in order to reflect the most recent research trends.

5.References to Course

Registration This course is taught in English. Tasks, quizzes, and evaluations may include paper review, presentation, and writing.

6. Support Services for

Students with Disabilities

You can ※ modify these

default contents.

For Lectures ○ Physical Disability: Make textbooks (digital textbook), Allow note takers and assistants○ Health Impairment: Excuse absence due to health problems, Allow note takers

For Assignments & Evaluations

Others

Students who take this course can get appropriate level of support service including the support listed above depending on the students’ individual characteristics and needs through consultation with professors and the Support Center for Students with Disabilities. If you have any questions concerning support service for students with disabilities you can Support Center for Students with Disabilities (02-880-8787).

3/17

3/31


4

Main References

LTE from theory to practice IEEE 802 Wireless Systems

http://lps3.ebookcentral.proquest.com.libproxy.snu.ac.kr/lib/snulibrary-ebooks/reader.action%3FdocID=693278&query=lte+the+umts+long+term+evolution+from+theory+to+practicehttp://lps3.ebookcentral.proquest.com.libproxy.snu.ac.kr/lib/snulibrary-ebooks/detail.action%3FdocID=284474


5

FundamentalsFundamentals of Wireless CommunicationDavid Tse and Pramod ViswanathCambridge University Press, 2005

[BOOK] Fundamentals of wireless communication, D Tse, P Viswanath - 2005 - books.google.comThe past decade has seen many advances in physical layer wireless communication theory and their implementation in wireless systems. This textbook takes a unified view of the fundamentals of wireless communication and explains the web of concepts underpinning …Cited by 11262 Related articles All 30 versions

Quiz #1 (03/31) - up to 3 questions1. Introduction PDF2. The wireless channel PDF3. Point-to-point communication: detection,

diversity and channel uncertainty PDF

Quiz #2 (04/14) - up to 3 questions4. Cellular systems: multiple access and

interference management PDF5. Capacity of wireless channels PDF

https://web.stanford.edu/~dntse/wireless_book.htmlhttp://www.ifp.uiuc.edu/~pramodv/https://books.google.com/books%3Fhl=en&lr=&id=GdsLAQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=Fundamentals+of+Wireless+Communication&ots=aLDBbeOMar&sig=oNcAs31Escf0Kotcj3LKu76Dt_Qhttps://scholar.google.com/citations%3Fuser=MzD8rjoAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=srahttps://scholar.google.com/citations%3Fuser=lPycXNcAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=srahttps://scholar.google.com/scholar%3Fcites=12244022916673036937&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=0,5&hl=enhttps://scholar.google.com/scholar%3Fq=related:ieIJmviB66kJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=Fundamentals+of+Wireless+Communication&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5https://scholar.google.com/scholar%3Fcluster=12244022916673036937&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5https://web.stanford.edu/~dntse/Chapters_PDF/Fundamentals_Wireless_Communication_chapter1.pdfhttps://web.stanford.edu/~dntse/Chapters_PDF/Fundamentals_Wireless_Communication_chapter2.pdfhttps://web.stanford.edu/~dntse/Chapters_PDF/Fundamentals_Wireless_Communication_chapter3.pdfhttps://web.stanford.edu/~dntse/Chapters_PDF/Fundamentals_Wireless_Communication_chapter4.pdfhttps://web.stanford.edu/~dntse/Chapters_PDF/Fundamentals_Wireless_Communication_chapter5.pdf


6

Recall: Layered Network Architecture □ Data link (including MAC) and Physical (PHY) are very system

dependent (e.g., WLAN, LTE, 5G)□ Many existing application, transport, and networking layer

protocols are developed for wireline, but can be reused for wireless. However …

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

OSI Layers

Application

Transport

Internet

Link

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Application

Transport

Network

TCP/IP Updated

Data Link

Physical1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Network

Com

mun

ications


7

Typical Research Questions

□ What’s new? àObservation paper

□ What should we do? àPositioning paper

□ How do we implement that? à System paper (placing/mixing dist. functions)

□ How much can we improve (in reality)?à (Extensive) Measurement paper

□ Is it the best or Is it better (in theory)?à Analysis/Theory paper

Network systems(mostly software)

Network theory(analysis over software)

Communications theory(analysis over hardware)

(theory over physics)

Vs.


8

Wireless vs. Wired

□ Scarce resources, i.e., bandwidth§ 1 Gbps WLAN vs. 1 Gbps LAN

□ Less-reliable communication § Fading, shadowing, background noise § Interferences – inter-symbol interference (ISI), inter-cell

interference, interference from other systems

□ User mobility§ Handoff, location management§ Channel reliability affected by Doppler shift (coherence time)

Maximum achievable data rate (in bits/sec)


9

Recall: Wireless Channel Gain□ Path loss: signal attenuation as it propagates through space□ Shadowing: additional signal attenuation caused by blocking objects (walls,

buildings) existing between transmitter and receiver □ Multi-path fading: constructive and destructive additions of multiple

propagation paths

𝑃!/𝑃" : tx/rx power𝑑: distance between tx and rx𝜆: wavelength (𝜆 = 𝑐/𝑓)𝛼: path loss exponent


10

Wireless vs. Wired

□ Time-varying environment§ Time-varying channel and user mobility § Time-varying interferers§ Location-dependent errors

□ Broadcast nature of channel§ Multiple access for sharing the medium

□ Less-secure environment§ Due mainly to the broadcast nature of the wireless


11

Wireless vs. Wired

□ Wireless ≠ mobile !

□ Wireless node can be static and fixed § e.g., Fixed wireless local loop (WLL) or IEEE 802.16 Broadband

wireless access (BWA)

□ Mobile node can use a wireline networking§ e.g., laptop with Ethernet link

□ Different techniques used to tackle either of them!


12

□ Application layer§ Adaptive application, device-dependent, location-dependent, ...

□ Transport layer – TCP§ Packet drops due to channel errors and user mobility are

interpreted to be due to the network congestion

□ Network layer - IP § Different from wireline due to user mobility and broadcast nature

of wireless link § Mobile IP, ad hoc routing, ...

Wireless-aware Protocols

Wireless-agnostic Protocols (popular these days)□ Same application, Same TCP, Same IP

§ How can it be possible?


13

Adaptive and Cross-layer Approach

□ Wireless environment is time-varying, so the network protocols need to be adaptive § MAC with adaptive algorithms for link adaptation, transmit power

control, ... § Adaptive application using adaptive video codec, adaptive voice

codec, ...

□ The optimal usage of the scarce and time-varying wireless network can be done via cross-layer design and optimization!


14

Wireless & Mobile Networks (WMN)

□ Nomadic systems§ Communications is typically done while the node is stationary§ WLAN, WPAN

□ Mobile systems§ Communications can be done while the node is moving fast§ 3G/4G cellular systems

□ Nomadic system can provide faster link!


15

WMN: Handoff and Mobility Management

□ Network and MAC layers related§ By its nature, a cross-layer design is needed

□ Handoff within and across wireless systems§ Handoff within cellular (e.g., LTE) systems§ Handoff between WLAN and LTE systems

□ Location tracking§ For paging, location-dependent service, ...


16

WMN: Infrastructure vs. Ad hoc

□ Infrastructure-based wireless networks § An access point (AP) or base station (BS) as an interface

between wireless and (wireline) backbone § Star topology (in a cell), handoff support § Requires cell planning (with frequency reuse) § Cellular systems, typical 802.11 WLANs with APs, ...

□ Ad hoc networks§ Wireless multi-hop transmission§ Peer-to-peer topology§ 802.11 ad hoc mode, Bluetooth, ...

□ Wireless mesh networks§ Network for wireless infrastructure


17

WMN: Mobility vs. Data Rate

Source: IEEE 802 Wireless Systems, Wiley 2007

Evolution

More BW,Antenna(relatively

easy)

Coding (FEC),

PHY design

(relatively easy)


18

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Source: Argonne National Laboratory

GHz THz PHzMHz

cm mm

mmWaveLTEWiFi

VLC

Frequency Bands Frequency Range

𝜇m nm


19

Licensed vs. Unlicensed Bands

□ Licensed bands§ Operators get the license by paying money, ... § 800 MHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz

□ Unlicensed bands§ Used without license as long as the regulatory requirements are

met such as maximum transmit power level, spectral mask, etc. § 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 60 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific and

medical) bands

□ Different for different countries


20

TV White Space (TVWS)

□ TV white space (TVWS) § Might include 54-72, 76-88, 174-216, and 470-698 MHz § Temporally or spatially unused spectrum between active TV channels § Available for communication purposes, e.g., Super Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.22,

in some countries

□ Digital dividend (DD)§ Became available due to digital TV transition§ To be allocated for other wireless services

MWNLMultimedia & Wireless Networking Lab.

TV White Space (TVWS)

Analog

Digital

TV Channels

Switchover to Digital TV

Digital Dividend TV White Space

Unused

470 MHz 698 MHz 806 MHz

11

• TV white space (TVWS)

• Might include 54-72, 76-88, 174-216, and 470-698 MHz

• Temporally or spatially unused spectrum between active TV channels

• Available for communication purposes, e.g., Super Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.22,

in some countries

• Digital dividend (DD)

• Became available due to digital TV transition

• To be allocated for other wireless services


21

THIS CHART WAS CREATED BY DELMON C. MORRISONJUNE 1, 2011

UNITEDSTATES

THE RADIO SPECTRUM

NON-FEDERAL EXCLUSIVE

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RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND

ACTIVITY CODE

PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPECTRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNT OF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.

ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATIONSERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION

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26.1

26.17

5 26

.48

26.95

26

.96

27.23

27

.41

27.54

28

.0 29

.7 29

.8 29

.89

29.91

30

.0

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

MA

RIT

IME

MO

BIL

E

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

F

IXE

D

F

IXE

D

MA

RIT

IME

MO

BIL

E

F

IXE

D

STAN

DAR

D F

REQ

UEN

CY

AND

TIM

E SI

GN

AL (2

0 M

Hz)

Mob

ile

Mob

ile

F

IXE

D

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G F

IXE

D

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L M

OB

ILE

(R)

MA

RIT

IME

MO

BIL

E

AM

ATE

UR

SAT

ELL

ITE

AM

ATE

UR

F

IXE

D

Mob

ileex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

) F

IXE

D

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L M

OB

ILE

(OR

)M

OB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

F

IXE

D

AM

ATE

UR

SAT

ELL

ITE

AM

ATE

UR

STAN

DAR

D F

REQ

. AN

D T

IME

SIG

NAL

(25

MH

z)

LA

ND

MO

BIL

EM

AR

ITIM

E M

OB

ILE

LA

ND

MO

BIL

E

F

IXE

DM

OB

ILE

exc

ept a

eron

autic

al mo

bile

RA

DIO

AS

TRO

NO

MY

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

GM

AR

ITIM

E M

OB

ILE

LA

ND

MO

BIL

E

MO

BIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile

MO

BIL

E e

xcep

t aer

onau

tical

mobil

e F

IXE

D

LA

ND

MO

BIL

E

F

IXE

DM

OB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

F

IXE

D

F

IXE

D

MO

BIL

E F

IXE

D

AM

ATE

UR

SAT

ELL

ITE

AM

ATE

UR

LA

ND

MO

BIL

E

F

IXE

D

F

IXE

D M

OB

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F

IXE

D

AM

ATE

UR

MO

BIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

AM

ATE

UR

F

IXE

DBR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

MA

RIT

IME

MO

BIL

E


mobile

300

325

335

405

415

435

495

505

510

525

535

1605

16

15

1705

18

00

1900

20

00

2065

21

07

2170

21

73.5

2190

.5 21

94

2495

25

05

2850

30

00

30 MHz 300 MHz

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

MO

BIL

E

MO

BIL

E

MO

BIL

E

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE L

AN

D M

OB

ILE

Rad

io a

stro

nom

yFI

XE

DM

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

ELA

ND

MO

BIL

E

MO

BIL

EFI

XE

D

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

AMATEUR BROADCASTING(TELEVISION )

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

RADIO

ASTR

ONOM

Y MO

BIL

EFI

XE

D

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

NM

OB

ILE

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

BROADCASTING(TELEVISION)

BROADCASTING(FM RADIO)


AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LM

OB

ILE

(R)

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LM

OB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL M

OBILE

AERO

NAUT

ICAL M

OBILE

AERO

NAUT

ICAL M

OBILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL M

OBILE

(R)

MOB

ILE-

SATE

LLIT

E(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

MOB

ILE-

SATE

LLIT

E(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

Mob

ile-s

atell

ite(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

Mob

ile-s

atell

ite(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

SPAC

E OP

ERAT

ION

(spa

ce-to

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th)

SPAC

E OP

ERAT

ION

(spa

ce-to

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th)

SPAC

E OP

ERAT

ION

(spa

ce-to

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th)

SPAC

E OP

ERAT

ION

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

MET

. SAT

ELLI

TE(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

MET

. SAT

ELLI

TE(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

MET

. SAT

ELLI

TE(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

MET

. SAT

ELLI

TE(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

AMAT

EUR-

SAT

ELLI

TEAM

ATEU

R

AMAT

EUR

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

MOB

ILE-

SATE

LLIT

E(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OBI

LE

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OBI

LE

RA

DIO

NA

VIG

AT

ION

-S

AT

EL

LIT

E

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBI

LE

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBI

LE

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBI

LE

MO

BIL

E e

xcep

t aer

onau

tical

mob

ile

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OBI

LE

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBI

LE

MO

BIL

E e

xcep

t aer

onau

tical

mob

ile

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBI

LE (A

IS)

MO

BIL

E e

xcep

t aer

onau

tical

mob

ile

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

Land

mob

ile

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E e

xcep

t

ae

rona

utic

al m

obile

Mob

ileFI

XE

DM

OB

ILE

exc

ept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile

FIXED

MOBILE

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

MA

RIT

IME

MO

BIL

E (d

istre

ss, u

rgen

cy, s

afet

y an

d ca

lling

)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBI

LE (A

IS)

MO

BIL

E e

xcep

t aer

onau

tical

m

obile

FIX

ED

Amate

ur

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LM

OB

ILE

(R)

MOB

ILE-

SATE

LLIT

E(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)


FIX

ED

AMAT

EUR

Land

mob

ileFi

xed

30.0

30.56

32

.0 33

.0 34

.0 35

.0 36

.0 37

.0 37

.5 38

.0 38

.25

39.0

40.0

42.0

43.69

46

.6 47

.0 49

.6 50

.0 54

.0 72

.0 73

.0 74

.6 74

.8 75

.2 75

.4 76

.0 88

.0 10

8.0

117.9

75

121.9

375

123.0

875

123.5

875

128.8

125

132.0

125

136.0

13

7.0

137.0

25

137.1

75

137.8

25

138.0

14

4.0

146.0

14

8.0

149.9

15

0.05

150.8

15

2.855

15

4.0

156.2

475

156.7

625

156.8

375

157.0

375

157.1

875

157.4

5 16

1.575

16

1.625

16

1.775

16

1.962

5 16

1.987

5 16

2.012

5 16

3.037

5 17

3.2

173.4

17

4.0

216.0

21

7.0

219.0

22

0.0

222.0

22

5.0

300.0

FIX

ED

Fixe

dLa

nd m

obile

LAN

D M

OBI

LE

LAN

D M

OBI

LE

300.0

32

8.6

335.4

39

9.9

400.0

5 40

0.15

401.0

40

2.0

403.0

40

6.0

406.1

41

0.0

420.0

45

0.0

454.0

45

5.0

456.0

46

0.0

462.5

375

462.7

375

467.5

375

467.7

375

470.0

51

2.0

608.0

61

4.0

698.0

76

3.0

775.0

79

3.0

805.0

80

6.0

809.0

84

9.0

851.0

85

4.0

894.0

89

6.0

901.0

90

2.0

928.0

92

9.0

930.0

93

1.0

932.0

93

5.0

940.0

94

1.0

944.0

96

0.0

1164

.0 12

15.0

1240

.0 13

00.0

1350

.0 13

90.0

1392

.0 13

95.0

1400

.0 14

27.0

1429

.5 14

30.0

1432

.0 14

35.0

1525

.0 15

59.0

1610

.0 16

10.6

1613

.8 16

26.5

1660

.0 16

60.5

1668

.4 16

70.0

1675

.0 16

95.0

1710

.0 17

61.0

1780

.0 18

50.0

2000

.0 20

20.0

2025

.0 21

10.0

2180

.0 22

00.0

2290

.0 23

00.0

2305

.0 23

10.0

2320

.0 23

45.0

2360

.0 23

90.0

2395

.0 24

17.0

2450

.0 24

83.5

2495

.0 25

00.0

2655

.0 26

90.0

2700

.0 29

00.0

3000

.0

300 MHz

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

RAD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N S

ATEL

LITE

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

STAN

DAR

D F

REQ

UEC

Y AN

D T

IME

SIG

NAL

- SA

TELL

ITE

(400

.1 M

Hz)

MET.

AIDS

(Rad

ioson

de)

MOBI

LESA

T (S

-E)

SPAC

E RE

S.(S

-E)

Spac

e Opn

. (S

-E)

MET.

SAT.

(S-E

)

MET.

AIDS

(Rad

ioson

de)

SPAC

E OP

N. (S

-E)

MET-

SAT.

(E-S

)

EART

H

EXPL

SAT.

(E-S

)Ea

rth E

xpl S

at(E

-S)

Earth

Exp

l Sat

(E-S

)EA

RTH

EXP

L

SAT.

(E-S

)ME

T-SA

T. (E

-S)

MET.

AIDS

(Rad

ioson

de)

Met-S

atellit

e (E

-S)

Met-S

atellit

e (E

-S)

MET

EOR

OLO

GIC

AL A

IDS

(RAD

IOSO

ND

E)

MO

BIL

E S

ATE

LLIT

E (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

RAD

IOAS

TRO

NO

MY

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

ESP

ACE

RES

EAR

CH

(spa

ce-to

-spa

ce)

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

NA

mat

eur

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

MeteorologicalSatellite

(space-to-Earth)

LAN

D M

OBI

LEFI

XE

D

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OBI

LE

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

LAN

D M

OBI

LEFI

XE

D

BROADCASTING

(TELEVISION)

FIXED


LA

ND

MO

BIL

E(m

edic

al t

ele

metr

y and

medic

al t

ele

com

mand)

RA

DIO

AS

TRO

NO

MY


BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

(TE

LEV

ISIO

N)

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

AER

ON

AUTI

CAL

MO

BILE

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

AER

ON

AUTI

CAL

MO

BILE

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

FIX

ED AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION

RA

DIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

-SAT

ELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)(

spac

e-to

-spa

ce)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

RADIO-LOCATION

RA

DIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

-S

ATE

LLIT

E(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)(s

pace

-to-s

pace

)

SPACERESEARCH

(active)

Space research(active)

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

RADIO-LOCATION

SPACERESEARCH

(active)

AERONAUTICALRADIO -

NAVIGATION

Amateur

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

RADI

OLO

CATI

ON

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E *

* Fi

xed-

sate

llite

(Ear

th-to

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ce)

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E *

* LA

ND

MO

BIL

E (m

edic

al te

lem

etry

and

med

ical

tele

com

man

d)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)R

ADIO

AST

RO

NO

MY

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N - S

ATEL

LITE

(pas

sive)

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

(tele

met

ry a

nd te

leco

mm

and)

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

(med

ical

tele

met

ry a

nd

med

ical

tele

com

man

d

Fixe

d-sa

telli

te(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIX

ED

(tel

emet

ry a

ndte

leco

mm

and)

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

(tele

met

ry &

tele

com

man

d)

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E *

*

MO

BIL

E (a

eron

autic

al te

lem

etry

)

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LR

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N-S

ATE

LLIT

E(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)(sp

ace-

to-s

pace

)

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)RA

DIO

DETE

RMIN

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)RA

DIO

DETE

RMIN

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

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ce)

RAD

IO

ASTR

ON

OM

Y

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)RA

DIO

DETE

RMIN

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

Mob

ile-s

atel

lite(s

pace

-to-E

arth

) MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)R

ADIO

AST

RO

NO

MY

RAD

IO A

STR

ON

OM

Y

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E *

*

MET

EORO

LOG

ICAL

AID

S(ra

dios

onde

)

ME

TEO

RO

LOG

ICA

L S

ATE

LLIT

E (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

ME

TEO

RO

LOG

ICA

L S

ATE

LLIT

E (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

SPA

CE

OP

ER

ATIO

N (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)FI

XE

D

MO

BIL

E

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

RAD

IO A

STR

ON

OM

Y

MET

EORO

LOG

ICAL

AID

S(ra

dios

onde

)

SPACERESEARCH

(Earth-to-space)(space-to-space)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)(space-to-space)

FIXED

MOBILE

SPAC

E O

PERA

TIO

N(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)(s

pace

-to-s

pace

)

MO

BIL

EFI

XE

D

SPACERESEARCH

(space-to-Earth)(space-to-space)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)(space-to-space)

SPACEOPERATION

(space-to-Earth)(space-to-space)

MOBILE(ling of sight only

including aeronauticaltelemetry, but excluding

aircraft)

FIXED (line of sight only)

FIX

ED

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)(d

eep

spac

e)M

OB

ILE

**

Am

ateu

r

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E**

Am

ateu

rR

AD

IOLO

CAT

ION

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

NM

OB

ILE

FIX

ED

Rad

io-

loca

tion

Mob

ileFi

xed

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G -

SAT

ELL

ITE

Fixe

dR

adio

loca

tion

Fixe

dM

obile

Rad

io-

loca

tion

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

GS

ATE

LLIT

EFI

XE

DM

OB

ILE

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

RA

DIO

LOC

ATI

ON

MO

BIL

EM

OB

ILE

AM

ATE

UR

AM

ATE

UR

Rad

iolo

catio

n

MO

BIL

EFI

XE

D

Fixe

d

Am

ateu

r

Rad

iolo

catio

n

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)RA

DIO

DETE

RMIN

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

MO

BILE

SAT

ELLI

TE(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)RA

DIO

DETE

RMIN

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E**

MO

BIL

E**

FIX

ED

Earth exploration-satellite

(passive)

Space research(passive)

Radioastronomy

MOBILE**

FIXEDEARTH

EXPLORATION-SATELLITE

(passive)

RADIO

ASTRONOMY

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

AER

ON

AUTI

CAL

RAD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

NM

ETE

OR

OLO

GIC

AL

AID

S

Rad

iolo

catio

n

Radiolocation

RADIOLOCATION

MARITIMERADIO-

NAVIGATION

MO

BIL

EFI

XE

D

BROA

DCAS

TING

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

Radi

oloc

atio

n

Fixe

d(te

lem

etry

)

FIX

ED

(tel

emet

ry a

ndte

leco

mm

and)

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

(te

lem

etry

& te

leco

mm

and)

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LR

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LR

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LR

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LR

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LR

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

Space research(active)

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

Fixe

d

FIX

ED

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

ISM – 24.125 ± 0.125 ISM – 5.8 ± .075 GHz3GHz

Rad

iolo

catio

nA

mat

eur

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RADI

ONA

VIG

ATIO

N(g

roun

d ba

sed)

RADI

OLO

CATI

ON

Radi

oloc

atio

n

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

Radi

oloc

atio

n

FIXED

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N MO

BIL

E

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E

RA

DIO

AS

TRO

NO

MY

Spac

e Re

sear

ch (p

assiv

e)

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

NMET

EOR

OLO

GIC

AL

AID

S

Am

ateu

r

FIXE

D SPAC

E R

ESEA

RC

H (d

eep

spac

e)(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

Fixe

dFI

XED-

SATE

LLIT

E (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

NR

adio

loca

tion

MA

RIT

IME

RA

DIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

RADI

ONA

VIG

ATIO

N

Am

ateu

r

FIXE

D

RA

DIO

AS

TRO

NO

MY

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G-S

ATE

LLIT

E

Fixe

dM

obile F

ixed

Mob

ileFI

XED

MO

BILE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)RA

DIO

AST

RONO

MY

EART

H EX

PLO

RATI

ON

-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

FIXE

D

FIXE

DM

OBI

LE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXED

MOBILE MO

BILE

AER

ON

AUTI

CAL

RAD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

Standard frequencyand time signal

satellite(Earth-to-space)

FIXE

D

FIX

ED

MO

BIL

E** FI

XE

DM

OB

ILE

**

FIXE

D S

ATEL

LITE

(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

Am

ateu

r

MO

BILE

BRO

ADC

ASTI

NG

-SAT

ELLI

TE

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

MO

BILE

FIXE

DM

OBI

LE

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

AM

ATE

UR

AM

ATE

UR

-SAT

ELL

ITE

Rad

io-

loca

tion

Am

ateu

rR

AD

IO-

LOC

ATIO

N FIX

EDIN

TER-

SATE

LLIT

ERA

DIO

NAVI

GAT

ION

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)FI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

MO

BILE

-SAT

ELLI

TE(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

MOBIL

EIN

TER-

SATE

LLIT

E

30 GHz

Earthexploration-

satellite(active)

Space res

earch

(active)

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

RADI

OLO

CATI

ON

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RADI

ONA

VIG

ATIO

N(g

roun

d ba

sed)

FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)

FIX

ED

RADI

ONA

VIG

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

NRA

DIO

NAVI

GAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)(spa

ce-to

-spa

ce)

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

LR

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

NFI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

Space research

Radiolocation

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

SPACE RESEARCH

(active)

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

Radiolocation

Space research

(active)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

SPACE RESEARCH

(active)

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

Radiolocation

Space research

(active)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

SPACE RESEARCH

(active)

RADIOLOCATION

AERONAUTICAL

RADIONAVIGATION

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

Radiolocation

Space research

(active)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

SPACE RESEARCH

(active)

RADIOLOCATION

RADIONAVIGATION

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

Space research

(active)

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

SPACE RESEARCH

(active)

MAR

ITIM

ER

ADIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

MAR

ITIM

E R

ADIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

NM

ARIT

IME

R

ADIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

Am

ateu

rR

AD

IOLO

CAT

ION

MO

BILE

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

FIXE

DFI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

FIXE

DFI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

DFI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

MO

BILE

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

MO

BILE

FIXE

DM

OBI

LE

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

DSP

ACE

RES

EAR

CH

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

FIXE

D

MO

BILE

-SAT

ELLI

TE (s

pace

-to-E

arth

) FIX

EDM

obile

-sat

ellite

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

DM

obile

-sat

ellite

(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)M

ETEO

ROLO

GIC

AL

SAT

ELLI

TE (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)FI

XED-

SATE

LLIT

E (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIXE

DM

obile

-sat

ellite

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

MO

BILE

-SAT

ELLI

TE (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)Fi

xed

FIXE

DM

obile

-sat

ellite

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

(no

airb

orne

)

FIXE

D SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N- S

ATEL

LITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

Mob

ile-s

atel

lite

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

(no

airb

orne

)FI

XED

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

MET

EORO

LOG

ICAL

-

SAT

ELLI

TE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

DM

obile

-sat

ellite

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

(no

airb

orne

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

Spac

e re

sear

ch (d

eep

spac

e)(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)SP

ACE

RES

EAR

CH

(dee

p sp

ace)

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D

SPAC

E R

ESEA

RC

H (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)FI

XED Earth

exploration -

satellite

(active)

Radio-location

Space

research

(active)

EARTH

EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE

(active)

RADIO-

LOCATION

SPACE

RESEARCH

(active)

Rad

iolo

catio

nR

AD

IOLO

CAT

ION

Rad

iolo

catio

n

Rad

iolo

catio

n

Rad

iolo

catio

nM

eteo

rolo

gica

l Aid

s

Earth

exploration -

satellite

(active)

Radio-location

Space

research

(active)

EARTH

EXPLORATION

SATELLITE

(active)

RADIO-

LOCATION

SPACE

RESEARCH

(active)

Rad

iolo

catio

n

Rad

iolo

catio

n

Am

ateu

r-sa

telli

teA

mat

eur

Rad

iolo

catio

nR

AD

IOLO

CAT

ION

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

FIXE

DEA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RES

EAR

CH

(pas

sive

)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E R

ESEA

RC

H (p

assi

ve) FI

XED-

SATE

LLIT

E (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)FI

XED

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D FIXE

DFI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

Space

research

(active)

EARTH

EXPLORATION -

SATELLITE

(active)

SPACE

RESEARCH

(active)

Aeron

atuica

l

Radio

naviga

tion

EARTH

EXPLORATION

SATELLITE

(active)

RADIO -

LOCATION

SPACE

RESEARCH

Radio-

location

Space

research

RADIO -

LOCATION

Space

research

FIXED-

SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space)

Space

research

Radio - location

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

Mob

ile-s

atel

lite (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)Sp

ace

rese

arch

Mob

ile-s

atel

lite (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)FI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

Mob

ile-s

atel

lite(E

arth

-to-s

pace

) Spac

e re

sear

ch

MO

BILE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CHFi

xed

FIXE

DSP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

Mob

ile

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)AE

RO

NAU

TIC

AL

RAD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

NAE

RO

NAU

TIC

AL R

ADIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

Spac

e re

sear

ch (d

eep

spac

e)(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)R

AD

IOLO

CAT

ION

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

EARTH

EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE

(active)

RADIO-

LOCATION

SPACE

RESEARCH

(active)

Earth

exploration-

satellite (active)

Radio-

location

Space

research

(active)

Rad

iolo

catio

n

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

FIXE

DFI

XED

-SAT

ELLI

TE (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORA

TIO

N -

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

MO

BILE

-SAT

ELLI

TE (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

Standardfrequency

andtime signal

satellite(space-to-

Earth)

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

MO

BILE

-SAT

ELLI

TE (s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIXE

DEA

RTH

EXPL

ORA

TIO

N -

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

FIXE

DM

OBI

LE**

EARTH

EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE

(passive)

MOBILE**

FIXED

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

MO

BILE

FIXE

D

FIXE

DM

OBI

LE

FIXE

DM

OBI

LE

EART

H EX

PLO

RATI

ON

-SA

TELL

ITE

- (pa

ssive

)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

Earthexploration -

satellite (active)

RADI

ONA

VIG

ATIO

N

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

FIXE

D

Standard frequency and time signal satellite

(Earth-to-space)

FIXE

D

FIXED

EARTHEXPLORATION -

SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)

SPACE

RESEARCH

(space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

INTER-SATELLITE

Inte

r-sat

ellite

FIXE

DIN

TER-

SATE

LLIT

E

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

NM

ARIT

IME

RAD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AE

RO

NA

UTI

CA

L R

AD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

Inter-satellite

Earth

exploration -

satellite

(active)

FIXE

DFIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

FIXE

D

Spac

e re

sear

ch

Rad

iolo

catio

n

Rad

iolo

catio

n

Rad

iolo

catio

n

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.65

3.7

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.8

4.94

4.99

5.0

5.01

5.03

5.15

5.25

5.255

5.3

5 5.4

6 5.4

7 5.5

7 5.6

5.6

5 5.8

3 5.8

5 5.9

25

6.425

6.5

25

6.7

6.875

7.0

25

7.075

7.1

25

7.145

7.1

9 7.2

35

7.25

7.3

7.45

7.55

7.75

7.85

7.9

8.025

8.1

75

8.215

8.4

8.4

5 8.5

8.5

5 8.6

5 9.0

9.2

9.3

9.5

9.8

10

.0 10

.45

10.5

10.55

10

.6 10

.68

10.7

11.7

12.2

12.7

13.25

13

.4 13

.75

14.0

14.2

14.4

14.5

14.71

45

14.8

15.13

65

15.35

15

.4 15

.43

15.63

15

.7 16

.6 17

.1 17

.2 17

.3 17

.7 17

.8 18

.3 18

.6 18

.8 19

.3 19

.7 20

.2 21

.2 21

.4 22

.0 22

.21

22.5

22.55

23

.55

23.6

24.0

24.05

24

.25

24.45

24

.65

24.75

25

.05

25.25

25

.5 27

.0 27

.5 29

.5 30

.0

MO

BILE

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

Earth

exploration -

satellite

(active)

Am

ateu

r-sa

telli

te

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

FIXE

D-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

FIXE

D -

SATE

LLIT

E(E

arth

-to-s

pace

)

MO

BILE

-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to

-spa

ce)

Standard Frequency and

Time SignalSatellite

(space-to-Earth)

FIXE

DM

OBI

LE

RAD

IOAS

TRO

NO

MY

SPAC

ER

ESEA

RC

H

(pas

sive

)

EAR

THEX

PLO

RAT

ION

-SA

TTEL

LITE

(pas

sive

)

RA

DIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

INTE

R-S

ATE

LLIT

E

RA

DIO

NAV

IGAT

ION

Rad

iolo

catio

n

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

MO

BILE

Mobile

Fixed

BRO

ADC

ASTI

NG

MO

BILE

SPAC

E R

ESEA

RC

H

(pas

sive

)EA

RTH

EXP

LOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assi

ve)

SPAC

E R

ESEA

RC

H (p

assi

ve)

EAR

TH E

XPLO

RAT

ION

-SAT

ELLI

TE (p

assi

ve)

EAR

TH E

XPLO

RAT

ION

-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive

)

SPA

CE

RE

SE

AR

CH

(pas

sive

)

MOBILE

FIXED

MOBILESATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

MO

BILE

-SA

TELL

ITE

RAD

ION

AVIG

ATIO

N

RAD

IO

NAV

IGAT

ION

-

SATE

LLIT

E

FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

AM

ATE

UR

AM

ATE

UR

-SAT

ELL

ITE

SPACERESEARCH

(passive)

RADIOASTRONOMY

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(passive)

MO

BILE

FIXE

DR

ADIO

-LO

CAT

ION

INTE

R-S

ATEL

LITE RADIO-

NAVIGATION

RADIO-NAVIGATION-

SATELLITE

AM

ATE

UR

AM

ATE

UR

- S

ATE

LLIT

E

RA

DIO

LOC

ATIO

N

EAR

THEX

PLO

RAT

ION

- SA

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Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networkingocw.snu.ac.kr/sites/default/files/NOTE/1. Introduction to... · 2020. 10. 7. · Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking Kyunghan