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Introduction to Veterinary Medical Terminology. Building Blocks of Words. It’s all Greek to me!. Some may say that veterinarians speak Greek, they are right! Most terms used in veterinary medicine are based on Latin or Greek. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Introduction to Introduction to Veterinary Veterinary Medical Medical
TerminologyTerminologyBuilding Blocks of WordsBuilding Blocks of Words
It’s all Greek to me!It’s all Greek to me! Some may say that veterinarians speakSome may say that veterinarians speak
Greek, they are right!Greek, they are right! Most terms used in veterinary medicine Most terms used in veterinary medicine
are based on Latin or Greek.are based on Latin or Greek. Latin is the universal language of Latin is the universal language of
medicine and the Greeks were the medicine and the Greeks were the founders of modern medicine.founders of modern medicine.
The following will be some common The following will be some common examples, be sure to record these terms examples, be sure to record these terms on your worksheet.on your worksheet.
Latin (Scientific) Adjectives:
Common Common NameName
LatinLatin Derived Adj.Derived Adj.
DogDog CanisCanis CanineCanine
CatCat FelisFelis FelineFeline
HorseHorse EquusEquus EquineEquine
CattleCattle BosBos BovineBovine
SheepSheep OvisOvis OvineOvine
GoatGoat CapraCapra CaprineCaprine
PigPig SusSus PocinePocine
BirdBird AvisAvis AvianAvian
MouseMouse MusMus MurineMurine
RatRat RattusRattus MurineMurine
Prefix
Combining Form
Root
Suffix
Word StructureWord Structure
Root WordRoot Word PrefixPrefix SuffixSuffix Combining VowelCombining Vowel Compound WordCompound Word
The key to learning terminology is to break The key to learning terminology is to break down each word into parts and learn the down each word into parts and learn the
most common roots, prefixes, suffixes, and most common roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combing formscombing forms..
Root WordRoot Word
Definition - the Definition - the foundationfoundation of the word of the word Gives substance to the meaning.Gives substance to the meaning. Like a box car in a train, they give the Like a box car in a train, they give the
train volume and substance.train volume and substance. They come in a variety of different sizes They come in a variety of different sizes
and volumes.and volumes. There can be more than one in a word.There can be more than one in a word.
Prefix
Combining Form
Root
Suffix
Root Word ExamplesRoot Word Examples On the upper right hand corner of On the upper right hand corner of
the your ROOT WORD sheet there is the your ROOT WORD sheet there is box. Please create an ICON that box. Please create an ICON that represents Root Words.represents Root Words.
On your notes sheet, there are boxes On your notes sheet, there are boxes with each of the following terms.with each of the following terms.
It is you mission to write down what It is you mission to write down what the term is referring to and create the term is referring to and create an icon that is representative of the an icon that is representative of the term.term.
Root Word Examples - 1Root Word Examples - 1 Cardi/o – HeartCardi/o – Heart
Cephalo/o – HeadCephalo/o – Head
Dent/o – Tooth, TeethDent/o – Tooth, Teeth
Mamm/a, Mamm/o – Mammary GlandMamm/a, Mamm/o – Mammary Gland
Nas/o – Nose, NasalNas/o – Nose, Nasal
Root Word Examples - 2Root Word Examples - 2 Ophthalm/o – EyeOphthalm/o – Eye
Ot/o – EarOt/o – Ear
Steth/o – ChestSteth/o – Chest
Thorac/o – ThoraxThorac/o – Thorax
Trache/o - TracheaTrache/o - Trachea
Root Word Examples - 3Root Word Examples - 3 Abdomin/o – AbdomenAbdomin/o – Abdomen
Copr/o – FecesCopr/o – Feces
Cyan/o – BlueCyan/o – Blue
Derm/o, Dermat/o – SkinDerm/o, Dermat/o – Skin
Enter/o – IntestinesEnter/o – Intestines
Root Word Examples - 4Root Word Examples - 4 Erythr/o – Red Blood CellErythr/o – Red Blood Cell
Gingiv/o – GumsGingiv/o – Gums
Hepat/o – LiverHepat/o – Liver
Hydr/o – WaterHydr/o – Water
Peritone/o – Peritoneum MembranePeritone/o – Peritoneum Membrane
Word StructureWord Structure
Root WordRoot Word PrefixPrefix SuffixSuffix Combining VowelCombining Vowel Compound WordCompound Word
PrefixPrefix
Word that Word that precedes/BEFOREprecedes/BEFORE the root, modifying the root, modifying the roots meaning to form a the roots meaning to form a newnew word. word.
Alone they have some meaning, but they are not Alone they have some meaning, but they are not complete words without the rest of the word parts.complete words without the rest of the word parts.
•They are like the train’s engine with its whistle. •Leads the train and announces the coming train.•Without the box cars, together with the engine there is not a complete train.
Prefix Word ExamplesPrefix Word Examples On the upper right hand corner of On the upper right hand corner of
the your PREFIX sheet there is box. the your PREFIX sheet there is box. Please create an ICON that Please create an ICON that represents Prefixes.represents Prefixes.
On your notes sheet, there are boxes On your notes sheet, there are boxes with each of the following terms.with each of the following terms.
It is you mission to write down what It is you mission to write down what the term is referring to and create the term is referring to and create an icon that is representative of the an icon that is representative of the term.term.
Prefix Examples - 1Prefix Examples - 1 A-, an- Not, WithoutA-, an- Not, Without
Anti- Opposing, AgainstAnti- Opposing, Against
Brady- SlowBrady- Slow
De- Away fromDe- Away from
Dys- DifficultDys- Difficult
Prefix Examples - 2Prefix Examples - 2 Hyper- High, Above, BeyondHyper- High, Above, Beyond
Hypo- Low, Below, BehindHypo- Low, Below, Behind
Mal- Bad, PoorMal- Bad, Poor
Poly- ManyPoly- Many
Prefix Examples - 3Prefix Examples - 3 Ep-, Epi- On, UponEp-, Epi- On, Upon
Eu- NormalEu- Normal
Iso- Equal, SameIso- Equal, Same
Multi- Many, MuchMulti- Many, Much
Neo- NewNeo- New
Prefix Examples - 4Prefix Examples - 4 Pan- AllPan- All
Peri- AroundPeri- Around
Post- AfterPost- After
Pyo- PusPyo- Pus
Uni- Single CelledUni- Single Celled
PrefixPrefix
Example:Example:PrefixPrefix + + Root WordRoot Word New New
wordword
bradybrady + + cardi/acardi/a bradycardiabradycardia
““slow”slow” “heart” “heart” slow heart slow heart (rate)(rate)
Exercise on PrefixesExercise on Prefixes1.1. ________ biotic ________ biotic
(against life)(against life)
2.2. ________ ________ thermia (high thermia (high temperature)temperature)
3.3. ________ horn ________ horn (remove the (remove the horn)horn)
a-, an- (without or not a-, an- (without or not having)having)
anti - (against)anti - (against) brady- (slow)brady- (slow) contra- (against, contra- (against,
opposed)opposed) de- (remove, take away, de- (remove, take away,
loss of)loss of) dys- (difficult, troubled)dys- (difficult, troubled) pyo - (pus)pyo - (pus) hyper- (high)hyper- (high)
Word StructureWord Structure
Root WordRoot Word PrefixPrefix SuffixSuffix Combining VowelCombining Vowel Compound WordCompound Word
SuffixSuffix
Written AFTER a root word to form a Written AFTER a root word to form a NEWNEW word.word.
Follows root word altering the words meaning.Follows root word altering the words meaning. Determines if word is a noun, adjective or Determines if word is a noun, adjective or
other type of word. other type of word.
Like a caboose, it is always last.
Suffix Word ExamplesSuffix Word Examples On the upper right hand corner of On the upper right hand corner of
the your SUFFIX sheet there is box. the your SUFFIX sheet there is box. Please create an ICON that Please create an ICON that represents Suffix.represents Suffix.
On your notes sheet, there are boxes On your notes sheet, there are boxes with each of the following terms.with each of the following terms.
It is you mission to write down what It is you mission to write down what the term is referring to and create the term is referring to and create an icon that is representative of the an icon that is representative of the term.term.
Suffix Examples - 1Suffix Examples - 1 -cyte – cell -cyte – cell
-ectomy – Removal of-ectomy – Removal of
-emia – Blood condition-emia – Blood condition
-pnea – Breathing-pnea – Breathing
-iasis – Infestation or infection-iasis – Infestation or infection
-itis – Inflammation-itis – Inflammation
Suffix Examples - 2Suffix Examples - 2 -ism – State or condition-ism – State or condition
-logy – Study of-logy – Study of
-oma – Tumor-oma – Tumor
-penia – Deficiency of-penia – Deficiency of
-scope – Instrument for exam-scope – Instrument for exam
-tomy – Cutting, Incision-tomy – Cutting, Incision
Suffix Examples - 3Suffix Examples - 3 -al –ic, -ac, -ous– Pertaining to-al –ic, -ac, -ous– Pertaining to
-graphy – Recording of-graphy – Recording of
-ist– One who studies-ist– One who studies
-lysis- Destruction of -lysis- Destruction of
-megaly– Abnormally Large-megaly– Abnormally Large
-natal– Birth-natal– Birth
Suffix Examples - 4Suffix Examples - 4 -osis – Abnormal condition-osis – Abnormal condition
-oxia- Oxygen-oxia- Oxygen
-phagia– Eating, Swallowing-phagia– Eating, Swallowing
-spasm– Involuntary Contraction-spasm– Involuntary Contraction
-toxin– Poison-toxin– Poison
Word Structure: Word Structure: SuffixSuffix
Example:Example:
Root WordRoot Word ++ SuffixSuffix New wordNew word
TonsilTonsil ++ -itis -itis TonsilitisTonsilitis-itis = inflammation of-itis = inflammation of
Inflammation of Inflammation of the tonsilsthe tonsils
Exercise on SuffixesExercise on Suffixes
1.1. Hyper- adrenocortic -________ Hyper- adrenocortic -________ (state…)(state…)
(Adrenal cortex)(Adrenal cortex)
2.2. Acar/i -________ (tick/mite Acar/i -________ (tick/mite infestation)infestation)
3.3. Gastr/i-________(inflammation of the Gastr/i-________(inflammation of the stomach stomach
lining)lining)
Word StructureWord Structure
Root WordRoot Word PrefixPrefix SuffixSuffix Combining VowelCombining Vowel Compound WordCompound Word
Word Structure: Word Structure: Combining Combining VowelVowel
Vowel commonly used: Vowel commonly used: “o”“o” General Rule 1: General Rule 1: If the suffix starts with a If the suffix starts with a
consonant, consonant, connectconnect the rootword and the the rootword and the suffix with the vowel “o”.suffix with the vowel “o”.
Example 1:Example 1:
Root WordRoot Word ++ CVCV SuffixSuffix New wordNew word
CardiCardi ++ --oo-- --llogyogy CardiCardioologylogy““Heart”Heart” study of study of Study of the Study of the
heartheart
Word Structure: Word Structure: Combining Combining VowelVowel
Vowel commonly used: “o”Vowel commonly used: “o” General Rule 2: General Rule 2: If the suffix starts with a vowel If the suffix starts with a vowel
(a,e,i,o,u) (a,e,i,o,u) DO NOT USE the vowel DO NOT USE the vowel “o”. “o”.
Just attach the suffix to the root word.Just attach the suffix to the root word.
Example 2:Example 2:
Root WordRoot Word + + SuffixSuffix New wordNew word
Hepat/oHepat/o --osisosis HepatosisHepatosis liverliver -disease process -disease process - disease process in - disease process in
the liverthe liver
Word Structure: Word Structure: Combining Combining VowelVowel
Vowel commonly used: “o”Vowel commonly used: “o” General Rule 3General Rule 3: If the suffix begins with the : If the suffix begins with the
same same vowel as the root vowel as the root word, DO NOT word, DO NOT repeat the repeat the vowel.vowel.
Example 3:Example 3:
Root WordRoot Word + + SuffixSuffix New wordNew word
CardCardii --iitistis Card Cardiitistis heartheart -inflammation of -inflammation of - inflammation of the - inflammation of the
heartheart
Word StructureWord Structure
Root WordRoot Word PrefixPrefix SuffixSuffix Combining VowelCombining Vowel Compound WordCompound Word
Word Structure: Word Structure: Compound Compound WordWord
Rootword 1Rootword 1 + + CVCV + + Rootword 2Rootword 2+ Suffix+ Suffix New wordNew word
HeartHeart + + wormworm Heartworm Heartworm
MediMedi + “o” ++ “o” + laterlater + -al+ -al Mediolateral Mediolateral
CraniCrani + “o” ++ “o” + caud/al + -al caud/al + -al CraniocaudalCraniocaudal
DorsDors + “o” + palm+ “o” + palm +-ar+-ar Dorsopalmar Dorsopalmar
Review: Word StructureReview: Word Structure
1.1. What is a Root Word?What is a Root Word?
2.2. Where can you find a prefix in a word?Where can you find a prefix in a word?
3.3. Where can you find a suffix in a word?Where can you find a suffix in a word?
4.4. What is the most commonly used vowel? What is the most commonly used vowel? a. If first letter of suffix = consonant?a. If first letter of suffix = consonant?
b. If first letter of suffix is = vowel?b. If first letter of suffix is = vowel?
c. If first letter of suffix = last letter of RW?c. If first letter of suffix = last letter of RW?
5.5. Create a compound word.Create a compound word.
Create a Word ActivityCreate a Word Activity
For each group there are three “dice.”For each group there are three “dice.” PrefixPrefix RootwordRootword SuffixSuffix
Each person is to take three rolls of Each person is to take three rolls of each dice to create three words.each dice to create three words.
Write out the correct notation, Write out the correct notation, including combining vowels/words and including combining vowels/words and its meaning.its meaning.