Introduction to the Use of Microscope & the Basic Tissues

By

Safaa EL Bialy (MD, PhD)selbialy@uottawa.caRoom: 2158

ObjectivesIdentify the different parts of the microscopeLearn how to use the microscopeIdentify the 4 fundamental tissues of the body

I Histology year 1 2015-2016

https://www.facebook.com/groups/535627826588935/

https://curriculum.med.uottawa.ca/eng/sites/histology/index.asp

Basic Histology: Luiz Junqueiro, Jose Carneiro, Lange Medical Books McGraw Hill, 10th edition., NY, Chicago, San Franscisco, 2003.

HistologyScience of study of the structure of normal tissuesFunction is always related to structureSo Histology is an instrument to study the function of different tissues and organsThe study of any modification outside the normal is called HISTOPATHOLOGY

Anatomical planesFrontal plane: vertical plane perpendicular to the sagittal plane, it divides the body to anterior and posteriorSagittal plane: vertical plane dividing the body into right and left halvesAxial plane (transverse): horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts

Histology sectionsLongitudinal section: parallel to the length of the organTransverse section: 90 degrees to the length of the organOblique section is any section not at 90 or 180 degrees

AB CABC

MicroscopeEye pieces lenses

Objective lenses(4x, 10x, 40x, & 100x)

Stage & slide holderKnobs to move stagein X, Y direction

Illumination sourceFocusing knobs(Crude & fine)On & OffElectrical cord & plug

MicroscopeNose piece with adjustable width between 2 eye piecesFocusing knobsCrudeFine

Histological TechniqueSmall pieces of tissueFixed in formalinEmbedded in paraffinMounted on glass slidesStained with different stainsBasic stain: Hematoxylin (Acidopholic cell components)Acid stain : Eosin(Basophilic cell components)

Histological techniquesOther stains:Tryptan blue : study of connective tissues and lymphatic vesselsMethylene blue: soluble in water and alcohol can be used as PH indicatorMasson stain: collagen in green or blue, nuclei in blue, keratin in red. Used mainly for collagen tissuePAS staining (periodic acid and Schiff reagent) and Feulgen to identify DNA

Human BodyCells

Tissues

Organs

Human bodyCellTissue

Cells

Basic TissuesEpithelial tissue (Barriers & Glands)Connective tissue (Mechanical Support)Muscular tissue (Action)Nervous tissue (Control & Co-ordination)

EPITHELIAL TISSUESOne of the four basic tissues of the bodyEpithelia are constituted of one or more layers of cells The cells are tightly joined, very little intercellular material Functions: Coating the surface and body cavities AbsorptionSecretionSensationcontractionEmbryonic origin: The three germ layers

Wall of IntestineLumenMucosaSubmucosa

Muscularis Externa

Serosa orAdventitia

Wall of Intestine

Small Intestine (Simple Columnar)Absorptive cellsNucleus

Brush borderLamina propria

Lumen of gut

Slide No 39 (Small Intestine)

Kidney (Epithelium)

Simple squamous(Ascending limb)

Simple cuboidal(PCT, distal limb and collecting tubules)Kidney Tubules

Unit d'introduction la profession Poste dhistologie Nadine Wiper-BergeronTransitional epitheliumLumenBasal membrane

Lamina propriaUreter

Unit d'introduction la profession Poste dhistologie Nadine Wiper-Bergeron

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Connective tissueOne of the 4 basic tissues of the body.Structurally it is made up of :FibersCellsGround substance. It forms a framework, connecting, supporting and packing tissue of the body.

Connective tissueEmbryonicAdultMesenchymeMucousLoose (areolar)DenseSpecializedIrregularRegularReticularAdiposeElastic

Specialized types of connective tissueCartilage Bone

Hyaline cartilageChondroblastsChondrocytes

Bone

MUSCULAR TISSUEOne of the four basic tissues of the body3 typesSmooth muscleStriated muscleCardiac muscle

Smooth MuscleNucleiSlide No 39 (Smooth muscles)

Cardiac muscle

Striated MuscleNuclei

MyofibrilsSlide No 41 (Tongue)

NERVOUS TISSUEOne of the four basic tissuesControl and coordination

NeuronsNucleusNucleolusDendritesNissl body

END

***Nucleus control centre of the cell nucleolus: RNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomesRibosomes and RER synthesis of proteins SER synthesis of lipids Golgi apparatus: glycosylation of proteins Mitochondria: Energy productionLysosomes: bacteria and cellular debris destruction

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