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Introduction to the Skeletal System
Major Functions
• Support• Protection• Movement• Storage (Minerals- Calcium,
Phosphate)• Blood cell formation
(hematopoiesis)
Bone ClassificationTissues Types
• Spongy or cancellous– Inside of the bone it appears as a
network of needle-like pieces• Compact
– Dense outer layer that appears to be solid or smooth
• Long Bones- Limbs• Short Bones- wrist• Flat Bones- breastbone• Irregular Bones- hip bones or
vertebrae
General Structure of Long Bones
• Diaphysis– (Long Axis of Bone)
– Periosteum– Endosteum– Medullary cavity (yellow marrow)– Compact bone
• Epiphysis– (Bone Ends)– Articular cartilage– Red marrow– Spongy bone– Epiphyseal Plate
General Long Bone Structure
Bone Markings
Bone Markings
• PROJECTIONS/PROCESSES– Function: 1) Attachment of muscle
tendon and ligaments
2)Joint formation
–Examples:• Tuberosity, trochanter
• Head, condyle
Bone Markings (cont.)
• DEPRESSIONS AND OPENINGS– Functions:
• Depressions allow for attachments• Openings are passageways for blood vessels
and nerves– Examples:
Foramen (Round/Oval) FossaMeatus (Canal-like) GrooveFissure (Narrow slit-like)
Sinus- (Cavity within bone that is filled with air lines with Mucous membrane)
Bone Growth