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Introduction to the Joint Military Appreciation Process (JMAP). References. ADFP 5.0.1 – Joint Military Appreciation Process (JMAP) ADDP 5.0 – Joint Planning ADDP 2.0 – Intelligence ADDP 3.0 – Campaigns & Operations ADDP 4.2 – Support to Ops (Log). Aim. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Introduction to theJoint Military Appreciation
Process (JMAP)
ADFP 5.0.1 – Joint Military Appreciation Process (JMAP)
ADDP 5.0 – Joint Planning
ADDP 2.0 – Intelligence
ADDP 3.0 – Campaigns & Operations
ADDP 4.2 – Support to Ops (Log)
References
Aim
To create a basic familiarity with the Joint Military Appreciation Process (JMAP)
doctrine.
4 Key Takeaways
1. JMAP is the only “Joint” planning process
2. Requires Commander’s input at all stages
3. Requires constant Joint Intelligence
Preparation of the Operational Environment
(JIPOE) updates to remain current
4. Needs the input of all staff functions to be
successful
Provides context for the conduct of the JIPOE and JMAP. Should normally cover:
1. Commander’s initial guidance2. Strategic level direction3. Intelligence update4. Status of current operations5. Time constraints and planning considerations6. Force preparation and capability requirements
Preliminary Scoping (PS)
JIPOE: Steps
Analysis of the Operational environment
1. Define the Operational Environment
2. Describe the Operational Environment Effects
Analysis of the Adversary
3. Evaluate the Threat (inc En COG Matrix)
4. Determine Adversary Courses of Action (COA)
Logical decision-making process that incorporates all staff functions towards developing the most appropriate plans
Basis for joint planning within the ADF – (Immediate and Deliberate)
Interoperable with allied forces - Joint Operation Planning Process (JOPP) (US)- The Estimate Process (UK)- Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) (USMC)
What is JMAP?
Operational Level
JMAP is predominantly used at the Operational level and covers:
– Creation of Areas of Operation (JFAOs)– Courses Of Action (COAs) – Force Assignment– Logistic Feasibility/Sustainability – Command and Control– Risk Management
– The Concept Of Operations (CONOPS)
Mission Analysis (MA)
Mission Analysis ensures that:
• Commander and planning staff clearly understand the Superior Commander’s intent, one and two levels up.
• Planning is focused within the boundaries of that intent.
• The mission and tasks are identified that are essential to successfully satisfy the superior Commander’s intent and achieve the end state.
Mission Analysis: Steps
1. Review the situation
2. Identify and analyse Superior Commander’s intent and develop own mission
3. Identify and analyse tasks
4. Determine freedom of action
5. Identify critical facts and assumptions
6. Draft Commander’s guidance
MA Step 1: Review the Situation
Critical to the formulation of the Mission:
• Review the operational environment and environment effects (JIPOE)
• Review lessons learned
• Review own forces (COG Analysis)
• Analyse time factors
What guidance has been given by the Superior Commander/Government – Other Governments
Usually articulated by Purpose, Method and Endstate
Purpose: To restore Whiteland Sovereignty
Method: Overwhelming Force by air and sea to remove Red from Whiteland
Endstate: Red unable/unwilling to obtain Whiteland by military action
MA Step 2: Identify and Analyse Superior Commander’s Intent and develop own mission
Who? What? Where? When? Why?
Eg. Someone is to do something in a certain area by a time in order to achieve something.
MA Step 2: Identify and Analyse Superior Commander’s Intent and develop own mission
Example Mission
Who Blue ForceWhat are to defeat Red Force military operations Where in AO Bell When from 01 Jun 2014 Why in order to maintain Blue sovereignty
Specified: (and Essential)
- Protect Blueland interests- Ensure Safety of Blueland personnel and AFN- Prevent Enemy Fighter DeploymentImplied: - Force preparation and concentration- Conduct Air Defence of JFAO- Deploy SF to White IsIand- Conduct Rear Area Security (RAS)
MA Step 3: Identify Tasks
E
E
E
EE
LIMITATIONSConstraints: (Things we have no control over)
• Weather• Time• DistanceRestrictions: (Placed by higher authority – may be changed)
• Adherence to the Rules of Engagement (ROE)• Minimise collateral damage• Notice To Move (NTM) of units
MA Step 4: Determine Freedom of Action
RISK Most operational risks cannot be eliminated
entirely. Measured against the operational requirements
and mission. Expressed in terms of a trade-off continuum =
cost-benefit analysis. Risk can usually be effectively reduced – risk
mitigation. [But what is the cost?]
MA Step 4: Determine Freedom of Action
Facts: • Red Forces have invaded White Island• Red strike aircraft have range to strike over White Island• UN has indicated they will not become involved
Assumptions: (to be turned into facts through CCIR process)
• The international community will support our operations• No third party direct involvement on either side• USA will provide us with CIS, Intelligence and Log support• Red soldiers are susceptible to IO (PSYOPS)
MA Step 5: Identify Critical Facts and Assumptions
At the final stage of Mission Analysis, the Commander is briefed and then delivers formal guidance for the following JMAP steps. This guidance can be given by the Commander or provided by planning staff for commander’s approval.
MA Step 6: Commander’s Guidance
COA Dev: Steps
1. Confirm Centre of Gravity (COG)
2. Review COG analysis
3. Develop broad COA
4. Develop decisive points (DP)
5. Develop lines of operation (LOO)
6. Develop detailed COA
7. Test COA
Definition:
A characteristic, capability or locality from which a military force, nation, alliance or other grouping derives its freedom of action, strength or will to fight.
COA Dev Step 1: Confirm COG
COA Dev Step 2: Review COG Analysis
COG
CC1
CC2
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CC3
CV
CRCC1
COG
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
CV
COG
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CC1
CC3
CC2
COA Dev Step 2: Review COG Analysis
Broad COAs are now created:– Direct Approach (Comd guidance)– Indirect Approach (Comd guidance)– Review of Adversary’s:
Most Likely COA (JIPOE) Most Dangerous COA (JIPOE)
– Review of wider aims and intent (WNGO)– Commander’s Guidance
COA Dev Step 3: Develop Broad COAs
Definition:
A geographic place, key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows a commander to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success.
DPs are created from the amalgamation of like tasks (in time or space) elicited from:
– Specified, implied & essential tasks– Blue actions to attack Red COG– Blue actions to protect own COG
COA Dev Step 4: Develop Decisive Points (DP)
COA Dev Step 4: Develop Decisive Points (DP)
• A DP will articulate:– A purpose,– Outcome,– Task, or– Effect
• Expressed in past tense• Must be measurable in terms of time, space or
magnitude• Does not negate the requirement to achieve
Specified Tasks
DP1 - RED FREEDOM OF UNOBSERVED MANOEUVRE DENIED
DP2 - FORCE CONCENTRATION AND PREPARATION COMPLETED
DP3 - RED SLOC TO WHITE ISLAND DENIED
DP4 – RED ALOC TO WHITE ISLAND DENIED
TIME
DP 1 DP 2
DP 3
DP 4
COG
COA Dev Step 5: Develop Lines of Operation
COA Dev Step 6: Develop Detailed COA
PREPARATION
TIME
CDPDP 1 DP 2
DP 3
DP 4
DP 5
1 2 3 4
DEPLOYMENT DETERRENCE SUSTAIN
COG
DP 6
CDP
SYNCHRONISATION MATRIX
Increase ISR - P3C/SSK/SF/JORN
BLUE
RedAction
Deep
Close
Rear
BATTLESPACE
Tasks
Phase
Main Effort
Phase
D to D +3
Deductions
Main Effort
Time
Sustainability
Specified: Implied: Essential:
3
Recce White Is, covert SF deployment to WI, 1 x FFG port visit. Increase ISR - P3C
Force preparation and concentration, logistic stockpiling, reduce NTM/NFS
1 2,3 1
Increased stock build-up, POL to airbase and agreed point
DP 3,4 achieved
Deterrence
COA Dev Step 7: Test COA
Test each COA developed for:
•Suitability
•Feasibility- Time- Space- Means- Limitations
•Acceptability
•Sustainability
•Distinguishability
Course Of Action Analysis
COA Analysis identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each COA developed in the previous step of the JMAP.
The key to COA Analysis is the war game process which validates each COA to determine workability, strengths and weaknesses.
The output is a number of improved and viable COA.
1. War game set-up2. Determine war game start state3. Select war game method4. Select war game recording method5. Conduct war game
COA Analysis: Steps
Decision & CONOPS Development
This is the final step in the JMAP.
It involves the COMD making a decision on which COA is to be developed into a CONOPS.
The approved CONOPS forms the basis for developing the OPORD.
The JMAP has been used by the Planning Group to create the CONOPS.
After it is approved by CDF, the main plan is synchronised with supporting plans.
The OPORD (with annexes) is issued and the CJTF prepares to execute.
Synchronisation
4 Key Takeaways
1. JMAP is the only “Joint” planning process
2. Requires Commander’s input at all stages
3. Requires constant Joint Intelligence
Preparation of the Operational Environment
(JIPOE) updates to remain current
4. Needs the input of all staff functions to be
successful
Questions?