Introduction to the IEC 61850 electrical utility communication

© 2012 ABB Switzerland Ltd, Corporate Research, ABBCH-RDProject C2-012/12 HK

Introduction to the IEC 61850electrical utility communication standard

Prof. Dr. Hubert Kirrmann

ABBCH-RD

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2Introduction toIEC 61850 Executive summary

IEC 61850 is a collection of international standards defining:

-how to describe the devices in an electrical substation and -how to exchange the information about these devices

- at configuration time and - at run-time.

It simplifies considerably engineering and testing, savings several Mio € per year.

It is the base for all developments in substation automation.

Main products: definition of modelengineering toolsobject

IEC 61850 was developed by the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva) by a group of manufacturers (ABB, Alstom, Schneider, SEL, Siemens, Toshiba,..) and electrical utilities (Electricité de France, Iberdrola, Hydro-Quebec,…)

IEC 61850 represents hundreds of person-years of work since 1997, one of the largest and most successful standardization group ever (comparable to IEEE 802.3).

keep on reading even if you are an executive…

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3Introduction toIEC 61850 Contents

1. Introduction: substation elements

2. Description of the electrical topology

3. Protection, Control and Measurement devices

4. Logical Devices and Logical Nodes

5. Data communication topology

6. Communication Protocols

7. Substation Description Language and Tools

8. Conclusion

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4Introduction toIEC 61850 Swiss power grid: substations and transmission lines

substations are the nodes of the electricity network, connecting power plants, different voltage levels, different frequencies and large loads

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5Introduction toIEC 61850 Air-isolated substation (AIS)

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6Introduction toIEC 61850 Air isolated high voltage elements

circuit breaker (3 phases)(can break short-circuit current)

current measurementtransformers

power transformersdisconnector (3 phases)(can’t be switched under load)

http://www.abb.com/product/us/9AAC30300082.aspx

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7Introduction toIEC 61850 Gas-isolated substation (GIS)

Circuit BreakerQ0_L1/XCBR

Gas density mon.Q0_L1/SIMG Primary technology

Secondary technology

ControlQ0/CSWIQ8/CSWIQ9/CSWI

Bay-HMIIHMI

Distance Protection

PDIS

IsolatorQ9_L1/XSWI

Gas density mon.Q9_L1/SIMG

Earthing SwitchQ8_L1/XSWI

Gas density mon.Q8_L1/SIMG

GIS are used in urban regions where place is scarce, or in open air where conditions are harsh

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8Introduction toIEC 61850 Indoor substations (medium voltage)

Gas Isolated high voltage medium voltage

Connect towns and large industries to the grid

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9Introduction toIEC 61850 Your substation at home

The switchboard in a home is a miniature substation:

- distribution of electricity (to the different rooms),

- control (switch on/off) and

- protection (fuses).switch and protect

kitchenbathliving room

transformer

cellarparents

children

earthfault

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10Introduction toIEC 61850 Substation elements

Station (Unterwerk, Sous-station, subestación)Node in the power network

built in a switchyard (Schaltfeld, campo)

consists of :Bus bar

(interconnects all elements)Bay

for each incoming / outcoming line (“feeder”) baytransformer baygenerator bayconnection between bus bars

equipment is divided into:Primary equipment (switchyard hardware)

• breaker• transformer

Secondary equipment (electronics)control, monitoring and protection devices

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11Introduction toIEC 61850 Electrical circuit (Single Line Diagram = SLD)

baydépart

Abgangbahia

bay bay

G

bus bar(jeux de barres,Sammelschiene,barras)

disconnector(interrupteurs,Trenner, seccionador)cannot be switched under power

circuit breaker(disjoncteur,Leistungsschalter, interruptor)can switch fault current

transformer(transformateur,

Trafo, transformador)

generator(generateur,Generator, generador)

three phases

feeder

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12Introduction toIEC 61850 Primary and secondary elements

=AD17 -KB2Steuerung / SchutzFällanden

Feldsteuergerät REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck

LEITUNGSHAUPTSCHUTZ REL316*4 PRÜFSTECKER

I

0

SCHUTZ EIN/AUS

I

0

WE-BLOCK

I

0

STUFENVERL.

Reset

AUS

SAMMELSCHIENENSCHUTZ REB500 RESERVESCHUTZ

SCHUTZ EIN/AUSAUS

220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 1 220VDC SPANNUNG SYS 2

SYNCHRONISIERUNG HAND

VERRIEGELUNG

2 x 220/24V DC/DC SPANNUNGSVERSORGUNG

-X1

Control/Protection Cubicles

Interbaybus

Star couplerABB Power Automation AG RER111

500SCM

01

Rx3

Tx3

Rx2

Tx2

Rx1

Tx1

500SCM

01

Rx3

Tx3

Rx2

Tx2

Rx1

Tx1

500SCM

01

Rx3

Tx3

Rx2

Tx2

Rx1

Tx1

500SCM

01

Rx3

Tx3

Rx2

Tx2

Rx1

Tx1

500SCM

Rx3

Tx3

Rx2

Tx2

Rx1

Tx1

Network control centre

ABB Power Automation AG COM581

C

CommunicationConverter

d g t a l

-Q9

-Q2

motors

HV Line bay

CT

VT

=AD17 -KB2Steuerung / SchutzFällanden

Feldsteuergerät REC216 mit Messung und Synchrocheck

LEITUNGSHAUPTSCHUTZ REL316*4 PRÜFSTECKER

I

0

SCHUTZ EIN/AUS

I

0

WE-BLOCK

I

0

STUFENVERL.

Reset

AUS

=AD17 -KB2Steuerung / SchutzFällanden =AD17 -KB2Steuerung / SchutzFällanden

Control/Protection Cubicles=AD17 -KB2Steuerung / Schutz

Fällanden =AD17 -KB2Steuerung / SchutzFällanden

-Q1

-Q0

-Q8

Pro

cess

Inte

rface

circuit breakers

switches

bus bars

primary secondary

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8. Conclusion

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14Introduction toIEC 61850 IEC 61346: Naming of substation elements

bay 3

bay 1 bay 4 bay 5

=W2

=E1

M

=QC1

M

=QC2

=Q3

-QA1M

=QB12

M

=QC11

=Q4

=QA1

M

=QC2

M

=QC1

=W1

=BI1

=BU1

=Q5

=QA1M

=QC1

M

=QB9

M

=QC9

=BI1

=BU1

=Q1

=QA1

M

=QC2

M

=QC1

=BI1

=BU1

=QB1M

=T1 =T1

=BU2

=BU1

=BI1

=QB2M

=QB1M

=QB2M

=QB1M

=QB2M

=QB1M

=QB2M

M

=QC2

=Q2

=QA1M

=QC1

M

=QB9

M

=QC9

=BI1

=BU1

=QB1M

=QB2M

M

=QC2

bay 2

E1.W1.Q2.QA1

The IEC 61346 standard defines how substation elements should be named. (Customers may define their own names, e.g. Q1 is “City_Broadway”)

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15Introduction toIEC 61850 Primary technology in the switchyard (Air Isolated)

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16Introduction toIEC 61850 Substation Configuration Language: Single Line Diagram

<?xml version="1.0"?><SCL xmlns:sxy="http://www.iec.ch/61850/sclcoordinates001" xmlns="http://www.iec.ch/61850/2003/SCL"><Header id="svc" toolID="SSI-Tool" nameStructure="IEDName" /><Substation name="AA1" desc="Substation"><VoltageLevel name="A1" desc="Voltage Level"><Bay name="A01" desc="Bay" sxy:dir="horizontal"><LNode iedName="AA1TH1" ldInst="LD0" lnClass="LPHD" lnInst="1" /><LNode iedName="AA1TH1" ldInst="LD0" lnClass="ITCI" lnInst="1" /><LNode iedName="AA1TH1" ldInst="LD0" lnClass="LLN0" lnInst="" />

</Bay></VoltageLevel><VoltageLevel name="C1" desc="Voltage Level"><Voltage multiplier="k" unit="V">380</Voltage>

</VoltageLevel><VoltageLevel name="H1" desc="Voltage Level"><Voltage multiplier="k" unit="V">33</Voltage><Bay name="Q03" desc="Trafo LV" sxy:x="54" sxy:y="33" sxy:dir="vertical"><ConductingEquipment name="QA1" desc="Circuit Breaker" type="CBR" sxy:x="7" sxy:y="8" sxy:dir="vertical"><Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N1" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N1" /><Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N5" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N5" />

</ConductingEquipment><ConductingEquipment name="BU1" desc="Voltage Transformer 2 Sec. 3 Phase" type="VTR" sxy:x="4" sxy:y="24"><Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N6" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N6" />

</ConductingEquipment><ConductingEquipment name="TrafoLV" desc="Line In/Out" type="IFL" sxy:x="7" sxy:y="26" sxy:dir="vertical"><Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N6" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N6" />

</ConductingEquipment><ConductingEquipment name="BI1.2" desc="Current Transformer" type="CTR" sxy:x="7" sxy:y="12" sxy:dir="vertical"><Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N3" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N3" /><Terminal connectivityNode="AA1/H1/Q03/N4" substationName="AA1" voltageLevelName="H1" bayName="Q03" cNodeName="N4" />

</ConductingEquipment>

IEC 61850-6 specifies how to describe a substation’s Single Line Diagram, and how toreproduce it on a screen exactly in the correct topology. It allows to describe any substation, independent from the manufacturer in simple XML.

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8. Conclusion

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18Introduction toIEC 61850 Protection, Measurement and Control devices

bay 1

=Q1

=QA1

M

=QC2

M

=QC1

=BI1

=BU1

=QB1M

=T1

=QB2M

=Q2

=QA1M

=QC1

M

=QB9

M

=QC9

=BI1

=BU1

=QB1M

=QB2M

M

=QC2

bay 2

=Q2

=QA1M

=QC1

=BI1

=BU1

=QB1M

=QB2M

M

=QC2

bay 2

G

bus bar H1

back-up bay protection and

control

transformerprotection

bus-barprotection

generatorprotection

Each object is protected by its own protection & control device

IED = Intelligent Electronic Device

bus bar H2

measurement

bay protection and control

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19Introduction toIEC 61850 IEC 61850- based product family

Price

Distribution Transmission

RE_ 670

RE_ 615

RE_ 650

RE_ 630

RE_ 60_

voltage / power level

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20Introduction toIEC 61850 Example of protection function: time-overcurrent

current [kA]

duration before trip [ms]

The protection function is adjusted with a set of parameters that are tunedfor a specific substation and bay, called a setting.

Protection function have usually different settings, that are used depending on the situation.

nominal current

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21Introduction toIEC 61850 Internals of an IED

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22Introduction toIEC 61850 Signal flow in an IED

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8. Conclusion

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24Introduction toIEC 61850

Logical Device Q0_L3/

Logical device

Each physical device (called an IED) can perform functions that was formerly performed by different protection or control devices.

Those former devices are represented by Logical Devices within the physical device.

circuit breaker control and protection

Physical DevicePISA_Q0_L3

Logical Device B_L3/buss bar controland protection

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25Introduction toIEC 61850 Logical Nodes

IEC 61850 describes each function within a substation equipment (transformer, circuit breaker, protection function...) by a logical node (LN).

Q0

T2

T1

City X

IED1

IED2

LAN

CSWI

PIOC

MMTR

MMXU

IARC

XCBR

TCTR

: TVTR

circuit breaker

current measuretransformer

voltage measuringtransformer measuring unit

protection againstover current

control of switch

human interfaceIHMI

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26Introduction toIEC 61850 Logical Nodes Groups

IEC 61850-7-4 standardizes 91 Logical Nodes divided into 13 Logical GroupsThe first letter of the Logical Node identifies the group.

Logical Group Name Number of Logical NodesL System LN 2P Protection 28R Protection related 10C Control 5G Generic 3I Interfacing and archiving 4A Automatic control 4M Metering and measurement 8S Sensor and monitoring 4X Switchgear 2T Instrument transformers 2Y Power transformers 4Z Further power system equipment 15

W WindO SolarH HydroN Power plantB BatteriesF Fuel Cells

reserved for companion standards

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27Introduction toIEC 61850 Logical Nodes: switchgear

LNname Function

XCBR Circuit breaker a high-power switch capable of switching off or on under full load current(Schalter, Interrupteur)

XSWI Circuit switch a switching device capable of electrically isolating a line, but which may only be operated when essentially no current is flowing

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28Introduction toIEC 61850 Data: Circuit Breaker

Mod Mode INC MBeh Behavior INS MHealth Health INS MNamePlt Name Plate LPLLoc Local operation, not remote SPSEEHealth External equipment health INSEEName External equipment name plate DPLNamPlt Name Plate LPLOpCnt Operation counter INS M

Data ObjectBasic LN

Pos Switch position DPC MBlkOpn Block opening SPC MBlkCls Block closing SPC MChaMotEna Charger motor enable SPC

Controls

CBOpCap Circuit breaker operating capability INS MPOWCap Point on wave switching capability INSMaxOpCap Operating capability when fully charged INS

StatusSumSwARs Sum of switched amperes, resetable BCR

Measures

Explanation Class MandatoryXCBR

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29Introduction toIEC 61850 Attributes: position

stVal BOOLEANq Qualityt TimeStamp

subEna BOOLEANsubVal BOOLEANsubQ QualitysubID Visible String64

d Visible String255

Each attribute of a DATA consists of a number of Data Attributes, with a Data Attribute Type (DAType) that belong to Functional Constraints (FC)

Attribute Type

Status (ST)

Description (DC)

Common data attribute type

Substitution (SV)

Attribute Name

only needed when substitution is possible

Functional ConstraintDATA “Pos”

Basic Type

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30Introduction toIEC 61850 Logical nodes of the P-group (protection)

LNname IEEE protection function(s) name Protection FunctionPDIF 87,87P,87L,87N,87T,87B, 87M, 87G DifferentialPDIR 87B Direction comparisonPDIS 21 Distance protectionPDOP 32 Directional OverpowerPDUP 32,37,40 Directional UnderpowerPFRC 81 Rate of change of frequencyPHAR 87T Harmonic restraintPHIZ 64 Ground detectorPIOC 50 Instantaneous overcurrentPMRI 49R,66,48,51LR Motor restart inhibitionPMSS Motor starting supervisionPOPF 55 Over power factorPPAM Phase angle measuringPSCH 21,85 Protection schemePSDE Sensitive directional earth faultPTEF Transient earth faultPTOC 46,51,60,64R,64S,64W,67,67N,76 Time overcurrentPTOF 81 OverfrequencyPTOV 47,59,59DC,60 OvervoltagePTRCPTTR 49,49R,49S Thermal overloadPTUC 37 UndercurrentPTUV 27 UndervoltagePTUF UnderfrequencyPUPF 55 Under power factorPVOC 51V Voltage controlled time overcurrentPVPH 24 Volt per HertzPZSU 14 Zero speed or underspeed

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31Introduction toIEC 61850 Substation Configuration Language: Equipment

<LN inst="1" lnClass="XCBR" lnType="IED670@IEC61850@@@ABBIED670_REV1_SXCBR@1" prefix="S"><Private type="ABB_FunctionRefs">476621a8-3f95-4a19-9b63-31171ddd62f9</Private><DOI name="Mod" desc="Mode"><DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/INC/ST/Enum/+/dchg/Mod/App1.SWITCH_D.1.THIS.0.ModSt,152,29" /><DAI name="q" sAddr="/INC/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.THIS.0.ModSt,152,100" /><DAI name="t" sAddr="/INC/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.THIS.0.ModSt,152,32" /><DAI name="ctlModel" sAddr="/INC/CF/Enum/+/none/ctlModel/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" /><DAI name="d" sAddr="/INC/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />

</DOI><DOI name="Health"><DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/INS/ST/Enum/+/dchg/Health/-1,-1,-1" /><DAI name="q" sAddr="/INS/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/-1,-1,-1" /><DAI name="t" sAddr="/INS/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" /><DAI name="d" sAddr="/INS/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />

</DOI><DOI name="NamPlt"><DAI name="vendor" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" /><DAI name="swRev" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" /><DAI name="d" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" /><DAI name="configRev" sAddr="/LPL/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />

</DOI><DOI name="Loc" desc="Local operation (local means without substation automation communication, hardwired direct control)"><DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/SPS/ST/BOOLEAN/+/dchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.20.Value,140,13" /><DAI name="q" sAddr="/SPS/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.20.Value,140,100" /><DAI name="t" sAddr="/SPS/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.20.Value,140,32" /><DAI name="d" sAddr="/SPS/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />

</DOI><DOI name="OpCnt" desc="Operation counter"><DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/INS/ST/INT32/+/dchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.8.Value,33,30" /><DAI name="q" sAddr="/INS/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.8.Value,33,100" /><DAI name="t" sAddr="/INS/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.8.Value,33,32" /><DAI name="d" sAddr="/INS/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />

</DOI><DOI name="Pos" desc="Switch position"><DAI name="stVal" sAddr="/DPC/ST/Dbpos/+/dchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.21.Value,141,12" /><DAI name="q" sAddr="/DPC/ST/Quality/+/qchg/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.21.Value,141,100" /><DAI name="t" sAddr="/DPC/ST/Timestamp/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.OUT.21.Value,141,32" /><DAI name="subEna" sAddr="/DPC/SV/BOOLEAN/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.SUB.0.Enable,-1,-1" /><DAI name="subVal" sAddr="/DPC/SV/Dbpos/+/none/+/App1.SWITCH_D.1.SUB.0.Value,-1,-1" /><DAI name="subQ" sAddr="/DPC/SV/Quality/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" /><DAI name="subID" sAddr="/DPC/SV/VisString64/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" /><DAI name="ctlModel" sAddr="/DPC/CF/Enum/+/none/ctlModel/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" /><DAI name="d" sAddr="/DPC/DC/VisString255/+/none/+/-1,-1,-1" valKind="RO" />

</DOI><DOI name="BlkOpn" desc="Block opening">

name of the circuit breaker

health state

name plate

local/remote operation

number of switching opertions

current breaker position

valuequalitytime stampsubstituted valuedescription

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8. Conclusion

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bay 02bay 01

Gateway

NetworkControl

Logprinter

station bus

GPSclock

SCADA

bay 12bay 11

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

bay 01 bay 02 bay 03 bay 04

bay 03 bay 04 bay 11 bay 12

01

electrical topology:Single Line Diagram

data networktopology

Data and electrical topologies

switch

the structure of the network reflects the structure of the substation

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SCADA level clockSCADAHMI gateway

firewall

network control

SCADA

bay level 9-2

SV

Pro

cess

bus

SCADAHMI

Engineering

IED

IED

IED

PIA PIB

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

Station Bus

verti

cal t

raffi

c

(MM

S)

baybaybay

(9-2 SV)

primary technology

baybay

8-1

GO

OS

E

Station Bus and Process Bus

process inputanalogue

processinterfacebinary direct wiring

horizontal traffic (8-1 GOOSE)

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remotecontrol

networkcontrol centre

IEC 61850 station bus ring topology (preferred, other exist)

switch S

IED

bay 1

loggerprinter

station bus (ring) = Ethernet

IED

IEC

bay 2

IED

IED

bay N

operatorworkplace

. . .

the structure of the network reflects the structure of the substation

IED IEDIED

IED

GPStime

100Tx(copper)links

switch 1 switch 2

100Fx(fibre) links

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Printer Server 1

Alarm andEvent Printer 1LA36W

Fibre optic station bus (LON) in star configuration

4 x Star CouplerRER111 includingredundantpower supply

GPSMaster

SAS5

70 Ad

vanc

edSu

bstat

ion A

utoma

tion S

ystem

Operator 's Workstation 2Operator's Workstation 1 Global PositionSystem

Front-End StationComputer 1

Front-End StationComputer 2

Alarm andEvent Printer 2LA36W

Redundant Station LAN TCP-IP

Printer Server 2

LAN-Interfaceto LV SCMS

Engineering Workstation Disturbance RecorderEvalution Station

toCentral Station

ManualSwitch

Bay control unitREC316*4


4 x 132kV Cable Line 1 x 132kV Bus Coupler Trafo Interlocking 132kV Common Alarm

Differential protectionRET316*4

6 x 500RIO11 DI

SACO64D4 Auxiliary alarm unit

3Ph and neutral OCSPAJ140C

Bay control unit(loose delivery)

4 x 132/11kV Transformer Feeder

SPAJ110CStand byearth faultovercurrentProt.

SPAJ115CRestrictedearth faultProtection

Neutralearth faultProt.

SPAJ110C

SPAJ115CRestrictedearth faultProtection

132kV Side 11kV Side

132kV BBP / BFP

BBP/BFP Central unit

REB500

10 x BBP/BFP Bay unitREB500



AVR & Tap Control

AVR and tap controlT1 type REGSys Fault Monitoring System

Indactic I650

Coaxial cable

TelephonModem


AVR and tap controlT2 type REGSys

Repeater

(loose delivery)

1 x 500RIO11 DO

ServiceModem

132kV ModemNSK

FallbackSwitch

LDCs Interface from Station Computer 2 IEC870-5-101

LDCs Interface from Station Computer 1 IEC870-5-101


Line distance prot.REL316*4


(loose delivery)(loose delivery)Bay control unit(loose delivery)

HP ColorLaserjet

HP Color

Laserjet

EF and OCSPAJ110C

500RIO11 , 16DI

Analog alarm unitSACO16A3

Station Alarm Unit Station Alarm Unit

SPAJ110C

SPAJ110C

Earth faultovercurrentProt.

TertiaryEarth faultProt.

Repeater

Control ProtectionAnalog alarm unitSACO16A3

FMS Fault Monitoring System

10 x 132kV

4 x 11kV

1 x spare

SACO16A3 R

SPAU140CSynchro-

check

SPAJ140CPhase andneutralovercurrentProt.

SACO16A3 R

SACO16A3 R

132kV analogInput

132kV FOXEquipment

11kV analogInput

PTUSK Scope

11kV ModemNSK


Main 2

o/e

o/e


Ethernet

Verbindung zu E4

FO

RS232

Pilot wire diff. prot.SOLKOR R/Rf.

B69Überstrom

Main 1

Siemens 7SD610 fürE19 Verbindung

Substation Automation Network: a real case

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37Introduction toIEC 61850 Redundant IEC 61850 network

IED

bay (ring)

IED

IED

workstation1

loggerprinter

COM

NCC

IED

bay (ring)

COM

NCC

workstation2

Mixing redundant, non-redundant, HASAR and PRP

Duo/Duplo

IED

IED

3rd party

bay (star)

IED

IED

station bus (ring)

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38Introduction toIEC 61850 Substation Configuration Language: communication

…<Communication><Subnetwork name="Line1" type="8-MMS" bitrate="100"><ConnectedAP ieDName="AA3KA3" apName="S1"><Address>10.41.24.135255.255.255.0</Address><GSE ldInst="C1" cbName="Interlock" addr="01-0C-CD-01-00-01" mintime="8" maxtime="1024"></GSE></ConnectedAP><ConnectedAP ieDName="AA3KA1" apName="S1"><Address>10.58.125.232255.255.255.0</Address></ConnectedAP><ConnectedAP ieDName="AA3KA4" apName="S1"><Address>10.41.24.136255.255.255.0</Address><GSE ldInst="C1" cbName="Interlock" addr="01-0C-CD-01-00-01" mintime="8" maxtime="1000"></GSE>…

IEC61850-6 specifies the data network topology (with its coordinates), the devices that participate in communication, how they are connected,which are their addresses and which is the data traffic they generate.

This information allows to determine at engineering time the traffic load on the network.

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8. Conclusion

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40Introduction toIEC 61850 Three types of communication in IEC 61850

SupervisoryLevel

GPSa

Back-Up

EventPrinters

SCADA

S-bus

HMITele-

control

NCC

bay

IEC 61850

bay bay

interbaybus

Station Bus

bay bay bay

GOOSE

SCADA

MM

S

IED

IED

IED

BayLevel

horizontal communication(IED to IED)IEC 61850-8

vertical communication(SCADA to IEDs)

IEC 61850-8

Sam

ple

Valu

es

sampled values(IED to IED)

IEC 61850-9-2

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41Introduction toIEC 61850 IEC 61850: Three protocols stacks

MMSclient-serverSCADA-IEDsIEC 61850-8-1

GOOSEpublisher-subscriber

IED-IEDIEC 61850-8-1

SVPI-IED

61850-9-2

Ethernet

ACSI = Application Common Interface

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42Introduction toIEC 61850 Details of the stack

MAC layer

TCP RFC 793

IP

ISO TransportRFC 1006

ISO SessionISO/IEC 8245

ACSEISO/IEC 8649:1996

MMSISO 9506-1:2003

Client/Serverservices

ACSI

PT=0800link layer

applicationapplicationapplication

SNTP

ARP802.p1 / 802.1QVLAN - priority

PT=0806 PTID=8100802.2

spanningtree

(802.1d)

x88F7 x88B8 x88BA

IEEE 1588 GOOSE SV

Hard Real-Time stack

void

Soft-Time stack

ICMP

physical layer

link redundancy entity (PRP / HSR)

Ethernet BEthernet A

redundancy

network

transport

session

presentation

1ms 1µs

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43Introduction toIEC 61850 Client-Server Protocol (MMS) – two modes

IndicationRequest

Confirmation Response

network

Indication

Request

time

MMS servernetworkMMS client

processing

distance

asynchronous event

1) Request-Response

2) Unsolicited

( IEC 61850-8-1 )

builds on unicast TCP/IPv4

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44Introduction toIEC 61850 GOOSE: event-driven real-time communication

T0 (T0) T1T1 T2 T3

event

T0 retransmission in stable conditions (no event for a long time).(T0) retransmission in stable conditions may be shortened by an event.T1 shortest retransmission time after the event.T2, T3 retransmission times until achieving the stable conditions time.

(the value of these times is an application issue)

T0 T0

Used to transmit to all other bays a state change (e.g. switch closing)

Publisher-Subscriber (Source addressed)

Uses multicast on layer 2

( IEC 61850-8-1 )

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45Introduction toIEC 61850 Communication protocols in IEC 61850

substation objects

MMSGoose

Ethernet

TCP / IP

substation objects

MMSGoose

Ethernet

TCP / IP

substation objects

MMSGoose

Ethernet

TCP / IP

application

MMSGoose

Ethernet

TCP / IP

ACSI

IEC 61850 uses different stacks for the different kinds of traffic.

IEDs

SCADA

Station Bus

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8. Conclusion

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47Introduction toIEC 61850 Substation Configuration Description

Prot.IED Prot.IED Prot.IED. . .

Switch

ControlIED ControlIED ControlIEDProt.IED Prot.IED Prot.IED. . .

Switch

ControlIED ControlIED ControlIEDProt.IED Prot.IED Prot.IED. . .

Switch

ControlIED ControlIED ControlIED

. . . . .

Computer Printer

. . . . .Switch

Timeserver

1 2 11

Computer

Switch

NCC NCC

Timeserver

IntegratedEngineeringTools

SCD

data network configuration(IP addresses…)

logical devices and protection functions(overcurrent, ….)

substation topology(busbars, feeders, switches,..)

The Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file according to IEC61850 is the “DNA” of the substation, defining:

a large XMLfile(4 MB..12 MB)

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48Introduction toIEC 61850 Object Model

The IEC 61850 object model is the centerpiece of the standard.It relies on application know-how of the standards group.

The model is used for:

- system verification (“virtual maximum size substation”)

- engineering of a particular substation

- allocation of functions to devices in that substation

- configuration of the real devices (IEDs and SCADA) and real network

- testing and debugging

The object model is implemented:

-a) in the engineering tools (total substation)-b) in the SCADA (relevant parts of substation)-c) in the devices (only local functions, need-to-know)

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49Introduction toIEC 61850 Impact of the SCL on the engineering process

SCADA

physical signals

Telecontrol

COMxxx

ICD

IED

Status and Control

SCD

Substation configuration

IED configuration

physical signals

IED

physical signals

IED

CAP / PCMTools

interbay bus

The use of SCL obliges to adopt a top-down approach in engineering:

1) Single line diagram2) Bay description3) Function description4) Communication description5) IED parameters

IET Single Line Diagram

CID

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50Introduction toIEC 61850 IET: substation configuration tool

IET in used in all projects to produce the single line diagram, attach the IEDs and generate the SCD file

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51Introduction toIEC 61850 The Synthy idea: simulate devices modeled in IEC 61850

GPSa

Station Computer

/ HMI

EventPrinters

SCADA

OPC

DataBase

HMI

OPC

DB

Tele-control

RTU

1A~, 100V~110V=, 24V=

switchesand leds

bay

Omicron,XS-92

PLCs

PCMbay bay bay

LAN Analyzer

SCD

GUIGUI

script

substation objects

scriptscriptLower testers

bay bay

classic testing Synthy

Supervisory Level (SCADA)

IEC 61850 Industrial Ethernet

IntegratedEngineeringTools

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52Introduction toIEC 61850 Synthy in Factory Acceptance Test

before….

after….

Synthyreal IEDs

SCADA

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54Introduction toIEC 61850 The main features of IEC 61850

- defines interconnection of IEDs based on Ethernet / TCP-IP / MMS

- defines besides TCP/IP a Layer 2 traffic for time-critical data

-defines an object model

-defines application layer semantics for the objects

-defines a substation configuration language

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55Introduction toIEC 61850 Benefits of IEC 61850

The benefit of an IEC61850 device is not in the price of the device: it is in lower cost to use the device.

The benefit of an IEC61850 system is not in buying the system: it is in lower costs to engineer and commission the substation system.

The cost of an installed device is 7 times the value of the device !

“The flexibility provided by the IEC61850/UCA-MMS protocols has the potential for saving millions of dollars in development costs for utilities and manufacturers, since it eliminates the need for protocol converters and lengthy, complex database mapping when integrating devices from different manufacturers. Gustavo Brunello, GE, in Electricity Today, Issue 4, 2003, page 10”

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56Introduction toIEC 61850 Conclusion

IEC 61850 is the base for all future developments in substation automation

IEC 61850 is a successful standard in substations, because it put all competitors on an equal footing through the Ethernet / Internet technology.

IEC 61850 defines an application object model that is independent from the communication and ensures long-term investment.

IEC 61850 value resides in the savings in engineering and testing that it allows.

IEC 61850 paved the way for other standards, such as wind mills, hydro and the same principles could be used in any standardized plant. .

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57Introduction toIEC 61850 Outlook: Spreading to other standards

IEC 61400-25 (Wind turbines)IEC61850-90-7 (Inverters for Distributed Energy and Renewable)IEC 61850-90-5 (Synchrophasor transmission)IEC_61850-7-510 (Hydro plants)IEC_61850-7-420 (Distributed Energy and Renewable)

=> Common Information Model (CIM, IEC 61968 / IEC 61970)

The methods of IEC 61850 have been applied successfully to other domains.

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WindTurbine (WTUR)Logical Node

TMS Turbine Availability Time

W SetPointSTPTMS Turbine Operation Time

BOOL

CTE Number of Turbine Starts

Emergency Stop

CMD

CTE Number of Turbine StopsSTP

STV Windturbine Status

AMV Total active Energy generation

Windturbine operation command

Var SetPoint

network

every conformant wind turbine must implement these objects !

Wind turbine objects

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Documents

Introduction to the IEC 61850 electrical utility communication