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Introduction to the History of the EU and its political system. Dr. Philippe Perchoc [email protected]. Objectives of the course. Introduction to the History of the EU Better understand how it works. Methods. Introduction to 4 different topics Discussion at the end of each session. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Objectives of the course
• Introduction to the History of the EU• Better understand how it works
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Methods
• Introduction to 4 different topics• Discussion at the end of each session
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4 different topics
1. The Second World War and the first attempts to unite Europe
2. The 3 main tensions in the EU system3. The Policies of the EU4. The Politics of the EU
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The EU in concentric circles
Is Europe a continent like others ?
How big ?
Europe = ? km2
Europe = 10 millions km2
China = ?
Europe = 10 millions km2
China = 9.4 millions km2
Africa ?
Europe = 10 millions km2
China = 9.4 millions km2
Africa = 30 millions km2
Europe = 10 millions km2
China = 9.4 millions km2
Africa = 30 millions km2
North America = 30 millions km2
A Continent full of states
How many states in Africa ?
54 + South SoudanLibya (1 or 2 states?)
How many states in Europe ?10 millions km2
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What is Europe ?
An idea
A continent
A handful of institutions
A Continent
Europe and its states
The oldest ?
The newest?
Europe and its regions
Plenty of regions = plenty of problems
State = culture = perception
A good Eurocrat knows everythingabout EU institutions
A true European knows at least something about:
Inst
utitio
ns
PEOPLEHistory
R e l i g i o n s
warPeaceErasmus
BERLINWALL Stefan Szweig
NAPOLEONLA
LET
TON
IE
M ONNET
COUDENHOVEkalergi
ART Kant
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Introduction
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ECC 1957 and Charlemagne
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Richard Coudenhove Kalergi and the Paneuropa Movement
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Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
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Pan-Europa Flag
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Aristide Briand and the Franco-German attempt(Aristide Briand)
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Jean Monnet and the practical way to unite Europe
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Jean Monnet
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I. The Second World War and the functionalist idea
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The Council of Europe
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45
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Council of Europe
- 47 countries- Mainly Human Rights- European Court of Human Rights- Strasbourg
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The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
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The Schuman Declaration – 9th May 1950
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1950: the ECSC
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1949:NATO
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1953: the opposition to the European Defence Community
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From the ECSC to the EEC
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The ECSC institutional framework
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The High Authority
Council of Ministers The European Parliament
Court of Justice
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The High Authority
Composition- 2 Germany- 2 France- 2 Italy- 1 Belgium- 1 Nederland- 1 Luxembourg
Powers- propose legislation- execute the decisions
Seat- Luxembourg
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Council of Ministers
Composition- One Minister per Member State
Powers- control the HA on issues related to Coal and Steel- consent legislation in other fields
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The European Parliament
Composition- 78 members coming from national Parliaments
Powers- 2/3 can vote defiance over the HA- oral and written questions
Seat- Strasbourg
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The ECC institutional framework
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The European Commission
Composition- 2 Germany- 2 France- 2 Italy- 1 Belgium- 1 Nederland- 1 Luxembourg
Powers- propose legislation- control the competition policy
Seat- Brussels
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Council of Ministers
Composition- One Minister per Member State- Different composition depending of the subject
Powers- Decide by unanimity or QMV on propositions sent by the EC- Executive powers
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The European Parliament
Composition- 78 members coming from national Parliament – directly elected after 1979
Powers- 51% can vote defiance over the EC- oral and written questions- examination of the ECC BudgetSeat- Strasbourg
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1950’s and 1970’s crises
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1965 Empty Chair crisis
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European Commission
Council of Ministers The European Parliament
Court of JusticeEuropean
Council
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1979 first direct elections of the EP
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1979. Thatcher and the UK contribution
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European Commission
Council of Ministers The European Parliament
Court of JusticeEuropean
Council
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The Enlargement issue
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1995: Enlargement of the EU
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How does it work? (since the Maastricht Treaty 1992)
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€
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European Commission
Council of Ministers The European Parliament
Court of JusticeEuropean
Council
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European Council
- Facilitate communication among Europeans
- Foster the realization of the Single Market
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European Commission
Council of Ministers The European Parliament
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European Commission
Council of Ministers
Court of Justice
apply
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The European Union in 2012
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IV. What is Europe doing?
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The EU Budget
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The EU Budget
147 billions
(2012)
- Own resources (tariffs)- VAT (value added tax) resources- contribution by Member States based on their GNI/EU GNI
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The EU Budget
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Exclusive Shared Ad hoc Contribution (no EU competence)
•Tariff Union•Competition policy• Euro currency• Sea resources• Commercial policy• Some international agreements
• Internal Market• Social policies• Cohesion• Agriculture / Fisheries• Environment• Transports• Energy• Research• Home / Justice Affairs• Cooperation and aid
• Coordination of economic policies• Foreign policies
• Health• Industry• Culture• Tourism• Education• Civil protection• Defence• Administrative cooperation
EU Competencies
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The EU as an International actor
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The EU in concentric circles