Introduction to the Heart

Introduction to the Heart• The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the

__________.• Its apex rests on the ____________.• Its base is at the level of the _________ rib.• The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the

_____________.• The ____________ are receiving chambers; the _________ are

discharging chambers.• The muscular walls of the heart is called the _____________.• The myocardium of the ______ ventricle is much thicker than that of the

_______ ventricle.• The membrane that lines the heart and forms the valve flaps is called the

_______________.

Introduction to the Heart• The outermost layer of the heart is the ______________.• The covering surrounding the heart is called the

_____________.• The space between the ____________ and ___________ is

called the pericardial ______.• The pericardial sac contains a small amount of fluid to help

reduce ____________ when the heart contracts.

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________

4. _________________________

5. _________________________

6. _________________________

7. _________________________

8. _________________________

9. _________________________

10. _________________________

11. _________________________

12. _________________________

13. _________________________

14. _________________________

15. _________________________

Anatomy of the Heart

A. Blood enters heart from the head and upper extremities via the _____________________.

B. Blood enters heart from the lower extremities via the ________________________.

C. Into the __________________D. Across the ________________E. Into the __________________F. Across the ________________G. Into the __________________H. On its way to the ___________I. Blood returns to the heart via the

______________________, now fully loaded with oxygen.

J. Into the __________________K. Across the ________________L. Into the __________________M. Across the __________________N. Into the __________________O. From here, blood is distributed

through the body through ___________ and ___________.

P. Blood returns to vena cava by way of _______________.

Flow of Blood Through the Heart

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________

4. _________________________

5. _________________________

6. _________________________

7. _________________________

8. _________________________

9. _________________________

10. _________________________

11. _________________________

12. _________________________

13. _________________________

14. _________________________

15. _________________________

A Microscopic Look at Heart Muscle

Listening to Heart Sounds

The Conduction System: The Nerves of the Heart

How to Read an ECG

How to Read an ECG• A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is

called an _____________.• The period when the atria are depolarizing (getting

ready to contract) is called the ___________.• The period when the ventricles are depolarizing

(getting ready to contract) is called the ____________.

• The period when the ventricles are repolarizing is called the ____________.

How to Read an ECG• An abnormally slow heartbeat (slower than 60

beats per minute in a non-athlete) is called ______________.

• An abnormally rapid heartbeat (faster than 100 beats permit at rest) is called _______________.

• A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump is called ______________.

• Transient chest pain, resulting from ischemia of the myocardium, is called______________.

Atrial Fibrillation

Ventricular Fibrillation

Fetal Circulation

Identify:

Umbilical cord

Umbilical arteries

Umbilical vein

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

• Tunica intima

• Tunica media

• Tunica externa

o Single layer of endotheliumo Bulky middle coat, containing

smooth muscle and elastino Provides a smooth surface to

decrease resistance to blood flowo The only tunic of capillarieso Also called the adventitiao The only tunic that plays an active

role in blood pressure regulationo Supporting, protective coat