Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Google+: klab.ca/+Twitter: @pearlchen
(for absolute beginners)klab.ca/lilypadintro
Introduction to theArduino LilyPad
Pearl [email protected]
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Today’s Agenda
talkcode sew
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Arduino
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Read about all the Arduino boards: http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boards
What is Arduino?It’s hardware...
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
The Arduino IDE. Download the latest here: http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
What is Arduino?And it’s software!
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Why use an Arduino? (Part 1)
Analyzeincoming data
using computer logic
Affectsomething physical
(or virtual)
Sensesomething happeningin the physical world
Scenario #1
The computer analyzesthe weight of the pressure
input to be larger than a sparrow’s weight.
Squirrel??
A water hose is triggeredand a spray of water
is sent out in the directionof the intruder!
A pressure sensordetects that somethingis trying to take seeds
from a bird feeder.
Examples
The computer analyzesthe levels to be
lower than normal.
The interface on amobile phone app
updates and warnsthe diabetic that
they should eat an apple.
A diabetic uses aglucose sensorto measure their
blood-sugar level.
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Why use an Arduino? (Part 2)
Affectsomething physical
Notificationof something happening
in the virtual world
Scenario #2
The computer analyzesthe sender to be your
best friend.
A LED sitting on your desk blinks urgently
to get your attention.
A Twitter @mentionto your Twitter handle
is detected.
Examples
Analyzeincoming data
using computer logic
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Need more detail? Check out the Sparkfun buying guide: https://www.sparkfun.com/arduino_guide
How to choose an Arduino
Leonardo Mega LilyPad
Chip
Speed
Memory
I/O Pins
Best used for
ATmega32U4 ATmega2560 ATmega328
16MHz 16MHz 8MHz
32Kb 256Kb 32Kb
20 54 9 or 14
general, all purpose larger projects wearables
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Wearables➡ "Beyond the Screen" presentation
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Let’s get coding!
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
LilyPad ProtoSnap from Sparkfun
Intro to the LilyPad ProtoSnap
Do notbreak ProtoSnap apart yet!
➡ Example Sparkfun Sketch
➡ Getting Started Tutorial
➡ Arduino Language Reference
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
LilyPad ProtoSnap I/O pins
Pin Component
3 Vibration Motor
9-11 RGB LED
A5 Button
2 Slide Switch
5, 6, A2, A3, A4 White LEDs
7 / 12 Buzzer +/-
A6 Light Sensor
A1 Temp Sensor
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Example code
• There are lots of built-in code samples to get you started: File > Examples
➡Open File > Examples > 01.Basic > BareMinimum
• In most cases, the only thing you’ll need to do to get the examples working is to find & replace the pin numbers in the code to the actual pins used in your circuit.
➡ github.com/pchen/ArduinoLilyPadProtoSnap
Example code geared specifically for LilyPad ProtoSnap pins:
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Functions
A block of code, grouped with a name.
• To define a function:
void functionName() {
}
• To call/execute a function:
functionName();
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
setup() and loop()
2 functions are required for every Arduino program:
• setup()Runs on power up or when reset button is pressed.
• loop()Executes forever, as long as there is power and no code errors
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Verify and Upload
• The 2 most used buttons on the Arduino IDE
• Verify - make sure that there are no errors
• Upload - compiles (checks for errors too) and writes program to microcontroller’s memory
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Comments
When you need to make a note to yourself or others.
• Ignored by the Arduino.
• // single line comment
• /*multilinecomment*/
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Arduino code
• Simplified version of Java.
• .ino extension for Arduino version 1.0+ .pde for older sketches
• Called a “sketch” because it should feel like picking up a pencil and making a quick drawing.
➡Upload to board: 01.Basics > BlinkExternalLED (We’ll get to how this sketch it made soon...)
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Arduino code walk-through
➡Open 01.Basics > TurnOnBuiltInLED
• Goal: Light up one (then two) of the external LilyPad LEDs
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Statements
A single command.
• Always end with a semicolon (;)(Much like all English sentences end with a period.)
• Examples:delay(1000); // calling a function int a = 1; //assigning a value to variable
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Variables
• Define a variable:datatype variableName;
• Examples:boolean isSaturday = true;int myNumber = 1;float pi = 3.14;char firstInitial = ‘P’;char myName[] = “Pearl”;String myName = “Pearl Chen”;
Common Data Types
boolean true or false
int whole number
float decimal number
char single character
char[] or String group of characters
A named container that holds a value for later use.
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
pinMode() and digitalWrite() for output (Part 1)
• pinMode( pin#, OUTPUT );Set a pin to send outgoing commands
• digitalWrite( pin#, HIGH );Output to a pin: HIGH / 5 volts / “on” / 1
• Goal: Light up one (then two) of the external LilyPad LEDsSolution: 01.Basics > TurnOnExternalLED
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
pinMode() and digitalWrite() for output (Part 2)
• pinMode( pin#, OUTPUT );Set a pin to send outgoing commands
• digitalWrite( pin#, LOW );Output to a pin: LOW / 0 volts / “off” / 0
• delay( milliseconds );Pause for a set number of milliseconds before executing next line of code. (Note: 1 sec = 1000 ms)
• Goal: Try to make the built in LED blink. Solution: 01.Basics > BlinkBuiltInLED
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
pinMode() and digitalRead() for input
• pinMode( pin#, INPUT_PULLUP );Set a pin be used as a digital input pin
• digitalRead( pin# );Listen for input values on a pin. Since it’s a digital signal, it will be either HIGH (1) or LOW (0)
• (The input will "float" and randomly return either HIGH or LOW without a resistor wired to ground in a circuit. Arduino has a built-in “pull-up resistor” which can be activated using pinMode() as above. More info here.)
➡Open 02.Digital > ButtonBuiltInLED
➡Open 02.Digital > SwitchBuiltInLED
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Conditionals (Examples)
• From ButtonBuiltInLED:
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (buttonState == LOW) { // turn LED on}else { // turn LED off}
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Conditionals
• “if” test:if (condition test) { //statements if true}
• “if/else” test:if (condition test) { //statements if true}else{ //statements if false}
Comparison Operators
== equal to
!= not equal to
< less than
<= less than or equal to
> greater than
>= greater than or equal to
Logic branching -- allows for different outcomes depending on the condition being tested.
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
analogWrite() for analog outputs
• Analog output pins: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11
• pinMode( pin#, OUTPUT );Setting pinMode() not necessary for analog -- but won’t hurt.
• analogWrite( pin#, dutyCycle );Output to a pin a duty cycle between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on).
• Goal: Light up external LilyPad LEDs on pin 5 and 6 at brightness steps between 0 and 255Solution: 03.Analog > DimExternalLEDs
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
analogRead() for analog input
• pinMode( pin#, INPUT );Setting pinMode() not necessary for analog -- but won’t hurt.
• analogRead( pin# );Value will be between 0 and the components limit.
• Solution: 03.Analog > TempSensor
• Also try: 03.Analog > ToneTheremin
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Serial for debugging
• in setup() use Serial.begin( baudRate )
• in loop() use Serial.print() or Serial.println()
• To see the serial monitor console, go to Tools > Serial Monitor while your LilyPad is hooked up to your computer via USB. Make sure that the baud rate in the lower righthand corder is also the same as that in Serial.begin().
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Coding Challenge
Write an Arduino sketch that keeps “score”.
• Light up an LED each time you click on a button.
• When you reach 5 points: buzzzzzzzz! (You win.)
• Bonus: Try to remove points when an opponent blocks your light sensor.
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Let’s get sewing!
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
French Knot how-to
Because conductive thread tends to fray, making a regular knot on the thread end doesn’t always stick.
Instead, use something called a “french knot” (or similar: a “colonial knot”) to the underside of your fabric.
➡ http://www.sublimestitching.com/pages/how-to-french-knot
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Additional Resources
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Groups & Organizations in Toronto
• Toronto wearables meetup (http://blog.ocad.ca/wordpress/socialbodylab/toronto-wearables-meetup/)
• OCAD’s Social Body Lab (http://blog.ocad.ca/wordpress/socialbodylab/)
• Internet of Things Toronto (#IOToronto)(http://www.meetup.com/IOToronto/)
• InterAccess(http://www.interaccess.org/)
• Site3 coLaboratory(http://site3.ca/)
• HackLab.TO(http://hacklab.to/)
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Books
• Fashionable Technology by Sabine Seymour
• Design of the Elastic Mind exhibition catalogue microsite (or book) from MOMA show in 2008
• Programming Interactivity (2nd Edition) by Joshua Noble
• Making Things Talk (2nd Edition) by Tom Igoe
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Electronics shopping
• Electronics store listings for Toronto (compiled by me)
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Other websites
• High-Low Tech
• Leah Buechley’s LilyPad page
Monday, 20 August, 12
klab.ca/lilypadintro
Thank you!Oh, and check out some upcoming Arduino workshops!
Sign up for mailing list on karma-laboratory.com.
Monday, 20 August, 12
