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www.plugandwear.com Riccardo Marchesi TEXE SRL – Plug and Wear Introduction to textile technology

Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Page 1: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Riccardo Marchesi

TEXE SRL – Plug and Wear

Introduction to textile technology

Page 2: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Page 3: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Textile Technology

Industrial process able to transform fibers into (garments)

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Clothing

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Technical textiles

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Timeline

26000

5500 500-300

27 0 467

100-1300

467

1200-1400

1500-1700

18th-19th present

Skins sewn together

Linen discovered in Egypt

Silk discovered in China

New linen designs in Rome

Introduction of dye

Intricate weaves

Strong colors

Dark colors

Experimentswith new patterns

Bold colors and abstraction

Knife sheath

Jute sacksChainmail Smart Fabrics

E-Textiles

Clothing

Technical textilesAutomobileseat belts

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50 productions steps

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

embroidery

Page 9: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Spinning

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Page 10: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Spinning

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Spinning

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

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Spinning

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

- Texturizing: volume increase

- Stretch broken yarn: higher strenght

- Twisting: bigger diameter

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Weaving preparation

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

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Weaving

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

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Weaving

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

- Shuttle looms: UK, 1785 – low production, noise- Rapier looms: very wide fabrics. Single or double rapier- Projectile looms: high production- Air jet looms: limited in width- Water looms: fastest, 700 picks/min for 190 cm, drying unit

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Knitting

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Weft Warp

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Knitting

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Weft Warp

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Knitted or woven?

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Knitted or woven?

stretchable wrinkles

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Knitting Weaving

Knitted fabrics are produced by set of connected loops from a series of yarns

Woven fabrics are produced by interlacing two sets of yarns

One set of yarns needed Two sets of yarn is used

Do not require sizing (suggested) Sizing is required before weaving

Yarn preparation is not so necessary Yarn preparation is a must

Production capacity of knitting is more Production capacity is less than knitting

Production cost of knitting is less than weaving Production costs of weaving is higher than knitting

About 52% fabrics are produced by knitting technology

About 48% fabrics are produced by knitting technology

Knitting is done by loop formation Weaving is done by shade formation

Elastic properties of the knit fabrics are higher than woven fabrics

Elastic properties of woven fabrics are less than knitted fabrics

Dimensional stability is lower than woven fabrics Dimensional stability is higher than knitted fabric

Is it easier to make 3D fabrics 3D fabrics are more difficult to produce

It is easier to make high volume fabrics Woven fabrics are more compact

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Non wovens

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

fabric-like material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment (felt, baby diapers)

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Dyeing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

- Cone dyeing: the yarn is dyed on cones

- Piece dyeing: the fabric is sewn in a loop and dyed.

- Garment dyeing: finished garments are dyed

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Cone dyeing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Page 26: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Piece dyeing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Page 27: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Garment dyeing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Page 28: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Finishing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

A group of physical and mechanical processes to increase the different properties of textile materials to render textile goods fit for their end-use.- improving appearance and touch- improving wearing qualities (shrink resistant, ..)- increasing fabric weight - cover fabric faults- to make garments hold their shape

Page 29: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Woven fabrics

Calendering: heat + pressure Stentering: weft traction Sanforizing: to avoid shrinkageRaising: hairy surface HydroextractorSteamer: to fix dyes

Knitted fabrics

For Open fabric: Slitting Stentering CompactingFor Tube fabric: Dewatering Drying Tube compacting

Page 30: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Page 31: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

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Cutting

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

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Sewing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

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Digital printing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Page 35: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Screen printing

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

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Printed circuits

- Connections - Heat generation

- Ink with silver or carbon particles- Advantages: small circuits- Limitations: how to solder components?

Page 37: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Embroidery

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Page 38: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Embroidery

fiber spinning

weaving

knitting

dyeing cutting sewingfinishing

printingembroidery

Page 39: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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Page 40: Introduction to textile technologypralab.diee.unica.it/sites/default/files/Slides/03... · 2019-03-28 · dyeing finishing cutting sewing embroidery printing A group of physical and

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The world clothing and textile industry (clothing, textiles, footwear and luxury goods) reached almost $2,560 trillion in 2010.

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Planet Money – How a T-shirt is made

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2Zod7Sd3rQ&list=PLp-

wXwmbv3z8aAJrhyttiqPMiKy0WVJym

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Thank you!

Riccardo [email protected]@plugandwearwww.plugandwear.comwww.ricardomarchesi.com

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for text and images ©All rights reserved the teaching material is intended for personal use of the course participants and cannot be duplicated or disclosed for other purposes