Upload
joan-day
View
220
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Introduction to Social Work -
Chapter 7
SOW 3203
Professor Susan Mankita, MSW, LCSW
Adapted from Farley, Smith, & Boyle
Social Work Practice with Communities, Chapter 7
What Is Community Organization? “A method of intervention whereby individutals,
groups and organizations engage in planned action to influence social problems” (Brager and Specht) Macro practice - effective intervention with large systems
and organizations on behalf of people Assess community functioning and design specific
intervention techniques Aimed at bringing improvements to the general society
Political Action Community Organization Public Education Campaigning Administration of Social service agencies/public service
departments Arenas for practice
Communities Administration
Community Organization
Dunham: “conscious process of social interaction” concerned
with the following objectives Meeting of broad needs Bringing about and maintaining adjustment between
needs and resources in a community Helping people develop, strengthen, and maintain
qualities of participation, self-direction, and cooperation in order to deal more effectively with their problems and objectives
Bringing about changes in community and group relationships and in the distribution of decision-making power
Approaches to bring about community change
Rothman characterized three types Locality development models Social planning models Social detour models
Underpinnings Community is the client Needs of community are paramount Problems affect a large number of people Resources of community are taken into account and
tapped
Planned Change Model (Kettner, Daley, Nichols)
Identify the change opportunity Analyze the change opportunity Set goals and objectives Design and structure the change effort Resource planning Implementing the change effort Monitor the change effort Evaluate the change effort Reassess and stabilize the situation
Beginnings of Community Social Work
London Charity Organization Society (1869) Buffalo Charity Organization Society (1877) First community welfare councils (1909) Councils focused on three main areas:
Health Welfare Recreation
Federated financial drives 1873 – Liverpool 1877 – Associated Charities of Denver (23 agencies raised $20,000) Community Chest – After WWI United Way
Underlying Principles in Community Organization Five basic functions of communities that serve
its members –Warren (1978): Socialization Production, distribution, and consumption of goods Social control Mutual support Participation of residents
Underlying Principles that shape community organization Objective: enrich human life through more
effective adjustment between social welfare resources and social welfare needs
All people in community are concerned in health and welfare services and full meaningful participation is needed
Ever changing human needs means goals are always in need of improvement
Interdependence of all agencies etc. (McNeil)
Fundamental assumptions of community social work (Ross)
Communities have capacity People want change and can change People should participate Self developed community changes have meaning
and a permanence A ‘holistic approach’ Democracy requires cooperative participation and
action in the affairs of the community, and people must learn the skills that make this possible
Communities may need help in organizing to deal with their needs
Community Social Work Processes
Research Planning Coordination Organization Financing Administration Committee Operation Advocacy and Social Action
Roles of the Community Organizer
Organizers as TeachersOrganizers as CatalystsOrganizers as FacilitatorsA Linking Role