Introduction to Ships and Shipping PKM

8/10/2019 Introduction to Ships and Shipping PKM

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INTRODUCTION TO SHIPS AND SHIPPING

Professor Proshanto K. Mukherjee

World Maritime University

Lund University


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The Ship- earliest form of transportation known tohumankind

- predates the cart and wheel- largest man-made thing that moves

General Profile of a Power-driven Ship- hull; machinery; super-structure

Types of Ships(see pictures)

INTRODUCTION TO SHIPS


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INTRODUCTION TO SHIPPINGShipping and International Trade- trade: the life blood of a nation- seaborne trade: the dominant means of transportation in

international commerce- shipping: organized means of carrying out seaborne trade

Actors in the Shipping Scene- shipowners, charterers, ship brokers, managing owners,freight forwarders, cargo owners

Types of Shipping- tramps- liners- conferences (cartels)


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TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF SHIPPING

A. Physical Attributes of a Ship- ship as a magnet; polarities of a ship;- earth as a magnet- magnetic relationship between ship and earth

B. Basics of Direction-Finding- points of compass; boxing the compass- variation and deviation; the deviascope- courses and bearings; true, magnetic compass and relative- the horizon and the ship

C. Basics of Coastal Navigation- the terrestrial fix- soundings and bathymetry; isobath- the nautical chart- traffic lanes- external aids to navigation: buoys, beacons, lighthouses, light ships,

leading lights, RACON


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D. Elements of Pilotage and Ship Handling- conning the ship

- engine manoevers- sailing manoevers- anchoring, docking and berthing; mooring lines- relationship between rudder and propeller- squat; bank effect

- turning circles- twin screw effects- variable pitch propellers- stopping distances

E. Elements of Astro-Navigation- position-finding at sea: latitude and longitude Greenwichmeridian, position lines

- great circles, loxodrome or rhumbline- projections: gnomonic, lambert conformal, mercator- time at sea GMT, LMT, SMT


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F. Electronic Navigational Equipment and Navaids- the compass: magnetic and gyroscopic- the log, speed through water and speed over ground, RADAR,ARPA, hyperbolic navigation systems, LORAN A and C,DECCA, SATNAV, GPS

- ECDIS; electronic chart- course recorder; rudder indicator; echo-sounder

G. Navigational Meteorology- type of clouds: cirrus, stratus, nimbus, cumulous- atmospheric pressure systems; isobars- T. R. S. (Tropical Revolving Storms)- state of sea- state of wind; Beaufort Scale- currents and tidal phenomena; high water, low water, springand neap tides


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H. Elements of Seamanship- anchors and chains, cables, windlass, hawsepipe- ropes and wires- life boats, inflatable life rafts, life jackets, life buoys- gravity davits

I. Communications at Sea- International Code of Signals- single-letter signals; flags and morse code- frequencies for radio communications: V. H. F, radiotelephone, channel 16, radiotelegraphy 2182 kcs

- satellite communication, INMARSAT network


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J. Cargo and Cargo Gear

- blocks and purchases- derricks and cranes, jumbo derrick for heavy lifts- MacGregor hatches, pontoons, coaming, hatch boards

- tween deck, lower hold, deep tanks- types of cargo: bulk, break-bulk, dry cargo, liquid cargo;drums

- stowage factors and broken stowage- stowage plan, overstowage


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K. Ship Construction and Naval Architecture- floatation and buoyancy, Archimedes principle, blockcoefficients

- ship stability, centre of gravity, centre of floatation,metacentric height (GM), positive and negative GM, inclining

experiment- ballasting, free surface effect, rolling period, hogging andsagging stresses

- parts of a ship, keel, transverse framing, strakes, shell plating,bilges, bilge keel, box keel, bollards, freeing ports, bulwarks,

double bottoms, cofferdams- concept of tonnage, relationship between weight (mass) andvolume

- types of tonnages, displacement load and light, deadweight,gross, net, limitation

- draught marks, load lines, freeboard


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Suggested Further Reading

Ademuni-Odeke Shipping in International Trade Relations

Bruce Farthing International Shipping

Alan E. Branch Elements of ShippingBernhard J. Abrahamsson International Ocean Shipping

Peter Kemp (Ed.) The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea

G. L. Danton The Theory and Practice of Seamanship

John V. Noel The VNR Dictionary of Ships and the SeaG. J. Sonnenberg Radar and Electronic Navigation

Charles H. Brown Nicholls Concise Guide Volume I

Charles H. Brown Nicholls Seamanship and Nautical Knowledge


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Types of Ships


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Dry bulk carrier

Cargo: minerals, cereals, ores


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Bulk loading on a geared vessel


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Cargo: everythingbut not liquid

Roro ship

Cargo: everything exceptliquid bulk


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Pure Car Carrier (PCC)


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Container ship

Cargo: containers only


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Geared container ship


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Cellularcontainer ship


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Product tanker

Cargo: products

Cargo: crude oil

Crude oil tanker


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Chemical carrier


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Uniquely sophisticated

Cryogenic features

Boil off gas

Steam turbine engine

Uniqueness LNG carrier


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Cargo: dry, break-bulk orconventional cargo

General cargo shipconventional cargo handling


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Project cargo


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Stowed timber on deck


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The backbone ofdry cargo fleet

Fairplay April 2007

Modern dry cargo classic


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Heavy Lift Shipproject cargo
http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/happy/index.html


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Heavy Lift Shipproject cargo

Documents

Introduction to Ships and Shipping PKM