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Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

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Page 1: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Introduction to: Sensation and

Perception

Advanced Placement PsychologyMrs. Kerri Hennen

Page 2: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen
Page 3: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

ThEcOwgAvecOla.

Page 4: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

.rat eht saw tac ehT

Page 5: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Sensation:The process by which our

sensory receptors and nervous system receive stimulus from the environment.

In other words: the process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain.

Page 6: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Perception:The process of organizing and

interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

Or, the active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information brought to the brain by the senses.

Page 7: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

How do they work together?

Sensation occurs:– Sensory organs absorb energy from a

physical stimulus in the environment.– Sensory receptors convert this energy into

neural impulses and send them to the brain.

Perception follows:– The brain organizes the information and

translates it into something meaningful.

Page 8: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing

Top-down processing:– Information processing that begins in

higher brain centers and proceeds to sensory receptors.

Bottom-up processing:– Information processing that begins at

the receptor level and continues to higher brain centers.

Page 9: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen
Page 10: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen
Page 11: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen
Page 12: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

What if we could sense everything?

Life would hurt.

So we can only take in a window of what is out there.

This is the study of psychophysics:

relationship between physical stimuli and our psychological experiences to them.

Page 13: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Attention, not your attention. :)

Attention is:

the process in which consciousness is focused on particular stimuli.

There’s two types:

1. Selective Attention

2.Divided Attention

Page 14: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Selective AttentionThe focusing of conscious

awareness on a particular stimulus.

Page 15: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

An example of selective attention is:

Cocktail Part Effect: ability to listen to one voice among many.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 16: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Sensory Adaptation

A decline in receptor activity when stimuli are unchanging

Diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation.

Page 17: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

The concept of sensory adaptation applies to all of our senses.

Page 18: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Habituation

Decline in sensory sensitivity at the neural level due to repeated stimulation.

Different from sensory adaptation because

Simplest form of learning, and is the behavioral equivalent of an animal realizing that a stimulus is irrelevant.

Page 19: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Measuring this:

THRESHOLDS!

Page 20: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Absolute ThresholdThe point at which stimulation

is detected a 50% of the time.In other words, given a

particular stimulus, it’s the minimum stimulation needed for detection.

Page 21: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen
Page 22: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Difference Threshold:The minimum difference that a person can

detect between two stimuli 50% of the time.Also known as Just Noticeable Difference

(JND)

Page 23: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Can you tell the difference?

Page 24: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Weber’s Law:

The idea that, to perceive a difference between two stimuli, they must differ by a constant percentage; not a constant amount.

Page 25: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Signal Detection Theory:

Predicts how we detect a stimulus amid other stimuli.

Signal Detection Theory

Page 26: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

Subliminal Stimulation:

Below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness.

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Does this work?

Page 27: Introduction to: Sensation and Perception Advanced Placement Psychology Mrs. Kerri Hennen

We do not perceive the world how it really is, but

as it is useful for us to perceive it.