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11-01-2013<author> LMS Samtech
Introduction to Samcef Bacon command
Liege 17 April 2013
Crouzier Régis LMS Samtech
LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
Chapters
� Chapter 1: What is Bacon ?
� Chapter 2: Language syntax
� Chapter 3: What is a model ?
� Chapter 4: The mesh
� Chapter 5: Groups of nodes/elements/…
� Chapter 6: Mathematical model
� Chapter 7: Material
� Chapter 8: Physical properties
� Chapter 9: Loads and boundary conditions
� Chapter 10: Pre-processing, check data
� Chapter 11: Post-processing
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LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
(I1) What is Bacon ?
� Bacon is the pre & post processing module of the Samcef suite.
� It reads instructions from the keyboard or a bank file.
� The instructions are structured in a command language.
� How to start Bacon from a terminal/ Dos shell :
samcef ba name y|n 1|2|3
name name of the problem -> bank file=name.dat
y|n use or not optional files
1|2|3 foreground | background |batch execution
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(I2) Bacon as pre-processing module
Others …
BACON
Bank Files
FEM data
IGES cad
Keyboard
Name.sdb
Name.samANALYSIS(ASEF,…)
Name_xx.u18Neutral file
Nastran Bulk
Name.spy
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(I3) Bacon as post-processing module
Excel.csv
BACON
Bank Files
Keyboard
Name.sdb
Name_xx.u18
FAC
Name_xx.fac
Name_xx.des
ImageJpeg, ps
Name.spy
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(I4) Bacon most important related files
� *.spy Spy file (MODE M)
*.sam Prepared data for computation
*.dat Bank file
*.sdb Database
*_yy.des & *_yy.fac Prepared results files (produced by the FAC program)
bacon.ini Initialisation file (located in the home directory; "bank file" like)
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(L1) Language syntax
� .NOEUDS I 1 X 10.0 Y (44*12) Z (/myz)
�MODE LECTURE 512
� max 512 characters per input line (see $)
� lowercase or UPERCASE, no matter...
A point in column 1
3 significant characters
Parameters Values
Start in column 1
4 significant characters
Mixed of French and English in the names of the commands & parameters.
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(L2) Language syntax
� For each command, a set of allowed parameters
� Some parameters have default values, other not !
� See online help for more details
� A blank between the command name and the 1st parameter:
� .NOE I 1 ....
� .NOEI 1
� A blank between a parameter and its value :
� .NOE I 1 X 10
� Other extra blanks are ignored
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LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
(L3) Syntax command: special characters
� &� comment the whole line
• This is a commented line &
• .NOE I 1 X ...
� !� comment the end of the line
• .NOE I 1 X ... ! my first point
� ;� split line
• .NOE I 1 X 1 ; vi ; I 2 X 2
� $� continuation line ; to divide a input line greater than 512 characters or to give a better
layout to a bank file
• .NOE I 1 $X 1 $Y 1
� (..)
� expression to evaluate
• .NOE I 1 X (44*32)
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(L4a) 1st type of command: . XXX
� Point in column 1
� Standard command.
� When invoke :
� close the previous command,
� flush data created/modified/computed
� and then....
� (Nearly all of these commands do it)
(a) load the mesh
(b) initialize internal data
Time consuming !
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(L4b) Some important .XXX commands
� .NOE, .MAI, .EXT, .CMA Manual mesh
.POINT, .DROITE....
.GENCAD meshing
.MAT, .AEL Material definition
.PHP Physical properties
.CLM, .CLT Loads & Boundary conditions
.SUBCASE, .SAM Computation strategy managment
.SAUVE BANQUE Saving the model in a structured format
.FIN Preparing the model for computation
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(L5a) 2nd type of command: ABC
� No point in column 1
� Command keyname must start in column 1
INPUT Read bank file INPUT "mesh1.dat”
RETURN (CLOSE)
Stop reading and return to the calling file
.NOE ...
...RETURN
EXIT Stop reading and returned to the keyboard
.NOE ...
...EXIT
GRAP Graphic attribute GRAP NOE
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(L5b) 2nd type of command: continued
� ABRE Abbreviationdefinition
ABRE "/myz” "33.33”
MODE Operating mode MODE LECTURE 256
ASSIGN I/O file assignation
TITRE TITLE TITRE "Hello World”
....
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(L6a) INPUT and the bank files
� What are bank files ?
� Bank files are «<name>.dat» files where models (or part of models) are described.
� They are loaded through the INPUT command.
BACON
INPUT.NOM "file.dat" .NOM & .NOE ...………EXIT
file.dat
optional«jump to» point
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(L6b) INPUT and bank files (continued)
� Cascading INPUT
BACON
INPUT.NOM "file"
.NOM (optional)INPUT "FILE2"……INPUT "FILE3"…
…
EXIT
………RETURN
………RETURN CLOSE
file.dat file2.dat
file3.dat
LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
(L6c) INPUT .... (continued)
� INPUT "..... " FILTRE
� FILTRE: ignore keywords define in the MODE FILTRE "...." command
� By default, ignore "VISUALISE;DPOINT;DIGIT"
� Usefull when reading a spy file:
• INPUT "geo.spy" FILTRE
� INPUT "..." ONLY
� Restrict reading action to specific commands
A current loaded bank file cannot be edited while BACON is running
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(L7a) Two different bank files
� Your own «freely structured» bank file
The Bacon structured bank file; defined fixed format
.NOE I 1 X 1.5 ....
...
.MAI I 1 ...
....
.NOE I 11 ...
...
. MAT I 1 ..
...
.MAI I 100 ...
...
.NOE I 1 X 1.5000E00...I 11 ......
.MAI I 1 N .......I 100 .......
.MAT I 1 ...
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(L7b) bank files in Sfield
�
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(L7c) bank files in Sfield
�
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(L8a) ABRE: defining abbreviations
�ABRE "/ myabre" "value"
� ABRE "/myx" "33.33".NOE I 1 X /myx
Keyword Definition
Abbreviation tag
Field locator Unique for all abbreviationsUse / or % only
The definition is a string, even if it only contains a
number
Use " or ' only." preserves the case
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(L8b) ABRE: use
� The abbreviation is evaluated when used
� ABRE "/myx" "33.33".....NOE I 11 X /myx...INPUT "a.dat"....NOE I 1000 X /myx
ABRE "/myx" "33.33"ABRE "/mytt" "/myx-33"....NOE I ... Y (/mytt+2.1)
…ABRE "/myx" "44" ………RETURN a.dat
33.33
44
Question: what does /mytt content here ?
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It's now to you to play
�
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(Ex1a) 1st exercice
� Build a 5 X 5 elements XY squared mesh
� The plate has a size of 1000*1000 mm
� Build the geometry using the command : .point, .droite
� Build the mesh at degree 1using the command : .cont, .dom, .gen
See online doc for details about the commands
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(Ex2a) 2nd exercice
� Same as exercice 1 but parameterize through abbreviations the points coordinates:
Using Abbreviations.
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(L10a) Force evaluation of abbreviations
� Why ?
� We saw that abbreviations are only evaluated when used.
� Sometimes it may interesting to evaluate it and to continue themodel with the new value
• ABRE "/myabre" "/a+/b-/c........"
• ABRE "/myabre" " ' '/myabre' "
� Sometimes, force evaluation is compulsory
� ABRE "/myvalue1" "1.1"
� ABRE "/myvalue" "2.2+/myvalue"
� ECHO "This is /myvalue"
� Echo "This ' '/myvalue' "
This is /myvalue
This is 3.3
' '/myabre'
Single quotes !
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(L10b) Force evaluation of abbreviations
� .DEL.*
� ABRE "/DX" "1.0"
� ABRE "/DY" "1.0"
� ABRE "/MYABRE" "/DX -3*/DY"
� ABRE "/MYABRE"
� .NOE I 1 X (/MYABRE)
� ABRE "/MYABRE" "''/MYABRE'"� ABRE "/MYABRE"
/DX - 3*DY
X = -2.0
-2.0
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(L11) Mathematical operations in (...)
� Basic: +, -, *, /, :, **
� Math SIN sine function
COS cosine function
TAN tangent function
ASIN inverse sine function
ACOS inverse cosine function
ATAN inverse tangent function
LOG logarithm (base 10)
LN neperian logarithm
ABS absolute valueINT integer part
NINT nearest-integer function
SQR square root
MIN minimum value
MAX maximum value
PI the 3.1415... constant
MOD(a,b) modulo function
SIGN(a,b) abs(a) with sign of b
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(L14) The spy file
� <problem_name>.spy
� Records every action
� Driven by MODE M <value>
� MODE M -1 ! spy file disable
� MODE M 1 ! reduced spy file (INPUT keystroke ignored, ...)
� MODE M 2 ! full spy file (default)
The spy file cannot be edited while BACON is running
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(L15a) MODE TRACE
� Log information in an external text file
� MODE TRACE "trace.txt"...LIST...ECHO "..."...MODE TRACE 0...MODE TRACE......MODE TRACE 0CLOSE "trace.txt"
Start log
Switch log on/off
Close log file
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(L15b) MODE TRACE (continued)
� !***TRACE Bacon number 1 on file (42)***
Trace file : 42 - /directory/file.txt"
!***TRACE Bacon number 2 on file (42)***
### NODES 1 AND 2 ###
!***TRACE Bacon number 3 on file (42)***
I 1 X 1.00000E+00 Y 1.00000E+00
I 2 X 2.00000E+00 Y 2.00000E+00
Number of listed nodes = 2
Each command have its own format for listing data
Not all commands can list data !
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End of first part
�
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(MO1) What is a model ?
� A model contains
� a mesh
� a mathematical model for the elements behavior
� materials & physical properties
� loads & boundary conditions
� a computation strategy
� Except for beams, no units system has to be set up.
You have to ensure a consistent units system by your own
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(ME1) The mesh: automatic mesher
�
Points.POI .3PO Surfaces
.PLAN .RULED.COONS .NURBS
Line Domain .DOM
Open Contour .CON
Close Contour .CON
Surface Domain .DOM
Volume Domain .FACE .VPEAU .DOM .BOX
Mesher.GEN
Lines.DRO .3DR .ARC .3ARC .SPL
.3SPL .ELL .LIM .3LI
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(ME2) The mesh: automatic mesher (continued)
� + basic tools too manipulate CAD entities
� + several mesher in .GEN
� Pavor, triangle
� transfinite
� LUI
� ...
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(ME3) Tools to improve the mesh
� .LIS: improve automatic meshing
� .EXT: extruding a 2D mesh
� .CMA copying/moving meshes
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(GR1) Groups
� Groups of nodes, elements, faces
� .SEL GROUP <id> <type_keyword> (NOM "...")<selection>
� Ex: .SEL GROUP 8 MAILLES NOM "myfirstgroup"
No blend !
NOEUDS for nodesMAILLES for elements
FACES for faces
There is no way to select edges of
volumes
edges of 2D elements are selected with theFACES keyword
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(GR2) Groups (continued)
� <selection>
� I - J - K - ! loop on ids
� BOITE ... ! box
� TOUT
� ORIENTATION ...
� Example
• .SEL GROUP 1 MAILLBOITE CYLINDER 4 4 RAYON 5
GROUPE 2 NOEUDSTRANSFORM 1
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(GR3) Groups (continued)
� Group edition
� UNION, DIFFERENCE, ...
� TRANSFORM from one type to another
� add / remove individual entities
� ...etc
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(HYP1) Mathematical model: .HYP
� .HYP <keyword><selection><selection>......
Keyword
MINDlin 21 22 28 29 8 46 47
VOLUmic 151 22 57 58 8 46 47
One keyword for one family of elements
SAMCEF element type id
Topology
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(HYP2) .HYP (continued)
� <selection>
� I - J - K -
� ATT -
� GROUP –
� Example: .HYP VOLUME
� volume T8, T46, T47
� membrane T57, T58
� rod
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(HYP3) .HYP (continued)
� Example: .HYP MINDLIN (shells)
� T28 et T29
� .AEL EXCE -
Exce>0
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(HYP4) .HYP (continued)
�
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(MAT1) Material
�
� .MAT I <id> (NOM "...")<behaviour>
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(MAT2) Material (continued)
� <behaviour>: example
� BEHAV "Elastic"
YT - ! Young modulus
NT - ! Poisson ratio
A - ! Thermal expansion coefficient
KIRCHOFF (BIOT) (CAUCHY) ! Stress / strain measurement
......
� Attached to elements
� .AEL <elements_selections> MAT <matid> or "<mat_name>"
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(PHY1) Physical properties
� .PHP: to define thicknesses of shells and membranes
� PHP THICK <elements_selection> VALUE <thickness_value>
� <elements_selection>
• I - J - K - explicit list
• TOUT
• GROUP group_id or GROUP "group_name"
• ATT cells attributes
• ...
� <thickness_value>
• one average thickness on the element
or
• as many thicknesses as element's vertices
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(PHY2) Physical properties (continued)
� Exemple
� PHP THICK GROUP "bottom" VALUE 1.12
� LIST, VI, .. facilities to control the data
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(PHY3) Physical properties (continued)
� Element axes basics: .FRAME + .AEL .. FRAME ...
� (A) Volume:
� default axes =structural axes
� Tuned axis: .FRAME . .. + AEL .. FRAME -
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(PHY4) Physical properties (continued)
� (B) Shell
� Default axes:
� 1st axis = edge 1->2 of the element
� 3rd axis = the normal to the element
� 2nd axis = cross product of the two above
� Tuned axes: .FRAME . .. + AEL .. FRAME - THETA -
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(PHY5) Physical properties (continued)
� (C) Volumic shells
� (D) Composite
� see online help
� .FRAME I - TYPE - ORIGIN - - - V1 .. V2 .. V3 ..
Type of frame: cartesian, cylindrical, ... Axes definition:- cosine- points- nodes
- ..
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(LBC1) Loads & Boundary conditions
� .CLM/.CLT
� .CLM <what> <where> <values>
� Check: VI, LIST, ...
Type of loads:- pressure (PRESS)- nodal loads (CHA)
- ...
Type of boundary conditions:- clamps (FIX)
- prescribed displ. (DEP)- ...
Support:NOEUDS
ELEMENTSFACESGROUP
....
Values:VAL - NC -
VAL - TIME -VAL NF - TIME
Check in the online help which load an type of
element is able to undergo: CLM/CLT commands do
not check it !
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(LBC3) Loads & Boundary conditions
� Local axes on nodes
� .AXL I - FRAME -
� Nodal forces applied on nodesfollow local axes definition
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(DES1) Pre-Processing – Check data
� Check the mesh : .DES
� Check the mesh
• Select elements by groups
• Selection by type (quadrangle – triangle –hexa –penta …..)
� Check axl / isotropic material /….
� Visualise mesh (see grap command)
� Check boundary conditions : .CLM/.CLT
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It's now to you to play
�
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(Ex3a) 3rd exercise
� Load the "ex03-mesh.dat" file and defines:
� a MINDLIN hypothesis to all the elements
� a simple Elastic material (Young and Poisson's ratio) using the given abbreviations; attached this material to all the elements
� a thickness for all the elements using the given abbreviations
� Tip: use online help for all the commands parameters
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(Ex3b) 3rd exercice
� .HYP MINDLIN
� .MAT I 1
� BEHAV "Elastic"
� Yt (/Young)
� Nt (/nu)
� .SEL GROUP "E_All" MAILLE TOUT
� .PHP GROUP "E_All" THICK VAL (/T)
� .AEL GROUP "E_All" MAT 1
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(Ex4a) 4th exercice
� Use the completed exercice 3 bank file to define the boundary condition:
� all the nodes on the edges of the plate must be clamped
� Tip: use .SEL BOITE to define a group of nodes for eachedge and use .SEL UNION to merge the 4 elementarygroups into a new one
� Define the load: a uniform pressure (see abbreviation) pushing on all the elements
� Pay attention to the normal to the shells - toward which a positive pressurewill act- to setup the correct sign of the pressure
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(Ex4b) LBCs
� .SEL
� GROUP "Left" NOEUD boite stru xi 0 yi 0 xs 0 ys /Ly
� GROUP "Right" NOEUD boite stru xi /Lx yi 0 xs /Lx ys /Ly
� GROUP "Bottom" NOEUD boite stru xi 0 yi 0 xs /Lx ys 0
� GROUP "Up" NOEUD boite stru xi 0 yi /Ly xs /Lx ys /Ly
� GROUP "Boundary" UNION "Left" "Right" "Bottom" "Up"
� .CLM GROUP "Boundary" FIX COMP 1 2 3 4 5 6
� .CLM GROUP "E_All" PRES VAL (-/Press) NC 1
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End of second part
�
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(POST1) Post-processing
Excel.csv
BACON
Bank Files
Keyboard
Name.sdb
Name_xx.u18
FAC
Name_xx.fac
Name_xx.des
ImageJpeg, ps
Name.spy
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(POST2): Post-processing
� After the computation, the FAC program is launched to create two results files
� <problem_name_xx.des> & <problem_name_xx.fac>
� xx is a two characters shortcut of the launched computation program:
• "as" for ASEF, "me" for MECANO, ..
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(POST3): Post-processing
� (1) Reload the database
� .DOC DB "<problem_name.sdb>
� (2) Attached the results files
� ASSIGN FAC "problem_name_xx"
� Two main commands for post
� .DES
• classical structural results
� .VIF
• time/frequency results curves
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(DES1): a result = code + references
� In .DES, a result is defined by a code and some references
� the CODE is the label of a result
� the REFERENCES are couple of attributes attached to the code; theydefined to which loadcase/frequency/timestep/complex_phase...the code is attached to
• Example, after a static computation with two loadcases, we have,for instance, the following displacements results
code 163 reference 4 1
code 163 reference 4 2
163 means displacements4 means loadcase
1st loadcase
2nd loadcase
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(DES2) Example of codes
� 163 Displacements
1411 At nodes by elements (extrapolated) stresses
1310 At nodes by elements (extrapolated) Vonmises equivalent stress
3310 By elements Vonmises equivalent stress
1511 Thermal conductive flux (vector at nodes by elements)
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(DES3): Different types of codes
� By nodes
� scalar: temperature, ..
� vector: speed, ..
� displacements
� By elements
� scalar: Vonmises, composite criteria, ..
� vector: thermal flux, ..
� tensor: mean stress/strain tensor, ..
� At nodes by elements
� scalar: extrapolated Vonmises, ..
� tensor: extrapolated stresses/strains, ..
Depending on the run analysis, a set of default results code is generated
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(DES4): Code 1xxx, 3xxx ??
� 1435 Stress tensor obtained by extrapolating stresses from Gauss Points to nodes. We have a tensor at nodes by element
3435 Mean Stress tensor: from Gauss Points stresses and using Gauss Points Weights, we compute a true mean value. We have a tensor by element
1331 Vonmises equivalent stress obtained by extrapolating VM stresses from Gauss Points to nodes. We have a scalar at nodes by element
3331 Mean Vonmises equivalent stress: from Gauss Points VMs and using Gauss Points Weights, we compute a true mean value. We have a scalar by element
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(DES5a): Code 1xxx vs 3xxx
�
Bending clamped shell
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(DES5b): Code 1xxx vs 3xxx
�
Rough stresses computed at Gauss points and extrapolated to nodes, then Vonmises
criteria
--> discontinuities
Rough Vonmises criteria computed at Gauss points and extrapolated to nodes
--> discontinuities
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(DES5C): Code 1xxx vs 3xxx
�
Rough VonMises computed at Gauss points), then a mean value computed at the center of
the element
Rough stresses computed at Gauss points), then a mean value computed at the center of
the element, then VonMises criteria
show that mean stress in the middle of the structure is computed as nearly zero
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(DES6) Examples of references
�
� A code can handled several couples of referencesif needed
4 loadcase
8 timestep
11 Fourier analysis
6 vibration eigenmode
...
Transient analyses use 'timestep'
instead of 'time' for accessing results
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(DES7): Loading a result code
� CODE xxx REFERENCE r n (k l ...)
� example : code 163 ref 4 2
� as long as they are not changed, references remain activefor every code reloaded
� For each reloaded code, there is a set of parameters to extract derivated results, like module of the displacements, amplitude of a vector, criteria on a stress tensor, ...
� but it is quite impossible here to describe all of them
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(DES8a): ISO and DISCONTINUITY
� ISO: to transform element average values to nodal values
� DISC: to smooth extrapolated values
ISO 1
ISO 0
DISC 0
DISC 1
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(DES8b): ISO and DISCONTINUITY
�
SCALAR / NODE / ELEMENT SCALAR / ELEMENT
SCALAR / NODE
ISO 0
MOYENNE
ISO
DISC 0
DISC
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(DES9): Sections
� SECTION
L1
L2
L3
L4
SECTION LIGNE 1 2 3 4
LSECTION …
SECTIONNearest nodes
(from cad)
LSECTION …Projection on shell or
interpolation in the volume for n points
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(DES10): Operations on codes
� Operations on codes
� DEPL COMP 1 MEMO 1DEPL COMP 2 MEMO 2OPERATION "$1-$2"
� CODE - REF - - FACTEUR aCODE - REF - - FACTEUR B ADDITION
Operations on scalar at nodesor
scalar at nodes by elements.Result will always be a
scalar at nodes by elements
To combine two codes as
a * code_1 + b * code_2
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(DES11) Reduced list of elements
� In a model in which several types of elements are mixed (for instance shells & volumes),results codes are attached to a reduced list (set) of elements.
� For instance, upper skin stress tensor is only attached to theshells, volumic stress tensor to volumes, ..
� These reduced are automatically handled when a code is reloaded.
� As a consequence, reloaded code is only displayed on relevantelements while others are transparent
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(SAI1): Results selection
� .SAI ARCHIVE <where> STYPE <result_code>
� <where> can be an element selection, a node selection orSTRUCTURE
� <result_code>
� example
• .SAI ARCHIVE STRUCTURE STYPE 1411
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It's now to you to play
�
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(Exe7): Post-processing
� Model:
� square 400mm X 400mm Mindlin shells plate (16 elements on each side)
� thickness of 2 mm
� Classical steel material (Yt=210000 MPA)
� Structure clamped on its edges
� Uniform pressure of 0.01 Pa on the whole structure
� (.SAI) Force archiving following results:
• (stress tensors) 1431, 1435, 1436, 3431, 3435, 3436
• (vonmises) 1310, 1331, 1332, 3310, 3331, 3332
� ASEF computation
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(Exe7) Post-processing
�
� code 163 mod depl;vi
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(Exe7) Post-processing
�
� grap div clot 2 vert; grap selec clot 1; code 3331; vigrap selec clot 2; code 1435;vonmises;vi
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(Exe7) Post-processing
�
moyenne
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(Exe7) Post-processing
�
iso
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(Exe7) Post-processing
�
� grap reset cloture; code 1435; vonmises; vi
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(Exe7) Post-processing
�
� discont 0; vi
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(Exe7) Post-processing
� liste desc
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(Exe8): Adding new results codes
�
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LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
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These are the default computed stress results
LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
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LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
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LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
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LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
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LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013
End of 4th part
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11-01-2013<author> LMS Samtech
Thank you