Introduction to Ropes and Lines

7/29/2019 Introduction to Ropes and Lines

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OBJECTIVES

1. List basic rescue knots used in operations and

perform the proper knot for a given situation

2. List and perform anchoring ropes for rescue

operations.

3. List and demonstrate the simple mechanical

advantage using a pulley


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DEFINITION

A way of joining or securing length of rope,thread, or other strands by tying the material

together or around itself.


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DEFINITION

A flexible line made of fibers or wires twisted orbraded together for tensil strength. Ropes may

be made of natural fibers such as cotton, hemp,

jute, flax, manila or sisal; of synthetic filaments

such as nylon, polyester or glass fibers; or

metallic wire.


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TYPES OF ROPE

Dynamic Ropes - is a specially

constructed, stretchable rope

used to belay climbers, and is

designed to stretch underheavy load to absorb the

shock of a fallen climber.

Static Ropes - ropes designed

to allow relatively little

stretch, which is most useful

for hauling, rappelling, and

other applications.


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PARTS OF A ROPE

1. Working End - The end of the rope that is

being used to tie a knot or fasten to

something.

2. Knot - a tied or interweaved section or ropeused to secure another object or complete a

task.

3. Bight - A curved section or loop in the rope.

4. Standing Part - The part of the ropebetween the knot and the standing end.

5. Standing End - The end of the rope that is

not involved in making a knot or fastening.


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STANDARD OF SAFETY

National Fire Protection Association:

weight of load X 15 (Safety Margin) = Required capacity of rope

1 person load = 300lbs X 15 = 4,500lbs

= 9mm

2 person load = 600 lbs X 15 = 9,000lbs= 12.74 mm


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BASIC LIFE SAFETY KNOTS

Figure of 8 (follow through)

Bowline


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Butterfly

Prusik Hitch


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Munter Hitch

Clove Hitch


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Load Releasing Hitch

Figure of Eight Bend


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ANCHORING SYSTEMS


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STRENGTHOFANANCHOR

Anchors must be able to sustain the greatest

anticipated force on the high angle system,

strong enough it can witstand any force of the

high angle system, are said to be bombproof.

This ability of an anchor to withstand necessary

forces will depend on a number of factors

including:

a. Conditions of an Anchor

b. Structural nature of the Anchor Point

c. Location of the force on an Anchor Point


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FACTORS

CONDITIONS OF AN ANCHOR

- A live tree usually withstand greater forces than

a dead tree.

STRUCTURAL NATURE OF THE ANCHOR POINT

- A load bearing structural column in a building

will generally withstand greater forces than a

handrail.

LOCATION OF THE FORCE ON AN ANCHOR POINT

- A tree with force pulling on it near the groud

will generally withstand force than one with the

stress high up.


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ANCHOR

DIRECTIONAL


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ANCHOR

BACKING UP ANCHOR


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TYPES OF ANCHORING

Single point Anchor

Load Sharing Anchor

Self Adjusting Anchor


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CRITICAL ANGLE

The critical angles in a 2-

point anchor system:

- Keep angles less than 90


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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

Mechanical Advantage is the ratio of the outputforce produced by a machine to the applied inputforce


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BELAYING VS LOWERING

A belay is not the same thing as lowering

A belay is a safety measure to catch a person

should he fall

Lowering is controlled lowering of persons or

equipment using rope through a lowering device

or hardware such as a large ring or a figure of

eight.


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SIMPLE SYSTEMS


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Documents

Introduction to Ropes and Lines