INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

ByRameeza Aslam

Lahore School of Economics

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What is research?

Why do we do research?

How do we do research?

Educational Research:

Some Basic Questions

Research means:

A search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to the problem

It includes not only factual research from a wide variety of sources, but also the writer’s interpretation of that research.

PURPOSE

The project will nurture your critical thinking abilities

CRITICAL THINKING Critical thinking means :

The process of gathering information and dissecting and analyzing and evaluating it to arrive at your own conclusions.

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Own observationDeduction from theoryOwn practice Theory testingRelated literatureEvaluation of existing programmeExpertsPolicies

Sources of Selecting a Problem

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It should be of interest to yousignificantresearchablefeasiblefocusedclearethicalof practical value

Considerations for Research Topic/Problem/Question

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Narrowing Down the Topic

Time

Geographical distribution

Classification

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Hypothesis

Research Question

The Research Process

Defining the problem

Formulating hypothesis

Selecting/proposing a method

Collecting, organizing, and analyzing data

Making deductions and arriving at

conclusions

A Research paper is an in-depth study of a SPECIFIC and DISTINCT topic.

It includes not only factual research from a wide variety of sources, but also the writer’s interpretation of that research.

DEFINING THE PROBLEM

To know why something is wanted, you should first know what is wanted

NARROWING DOWN THE PROBLEM

What To study the wages of women workers

Why To determine whether their wages are fair and uniform

When Present Where In TISCO, Lahore Who Women Workers

Statement of the Problem

This study proposes to survey the wages of women workers in TISCO, Lahore, to determine whether the company wages are fair and uniform in the years 2006 - 2008

It doesn’t just describe something. It compares, persuades, or analyzes.

Pick out key issues.

Rather than simply finding and presenting facts, you develop a fuller understanding of your topic and an informed opinion about the issues involved.

It includes your own thoughts, perceptions, and ideas about your topic. You make comparisons between your interpretations and the facts.

Questions the facts, dissecting each and every piece of information to discern whether it is true and reliable.

Use many sources including personal observations

Think independently and communicate clearly

Maintain neutrality