Introduction to Public Speaking

Chapters 15 and 16

Persuasion

The process of creating, reinforcing or changing peoples beliefs or actionsMUCH MORE difficult than informative

speaking

Mental Dialogue

Assume that the audience member is having a dialogue with you as you are speakingAnticipate their questions

Target Audience

Section of the audience that you most want to persuade

Questions of Fact

A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

Organized Topically Sometimes spacially

Questions of Value

Questions about the worth, rightness, morality, etc. of an idea or action

Organized Topically

Questions of Policy

Questions about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

Questions of Policy

Types of speeches associated with questions of policyThose to Gain Passive AgreementThose to Gain Immediate Action

Questions of Policy

Analyzing Questions of PolicyNeedPlanPracticality

Questions of Policy

Speech OrganizationProblem Solution OrderProblem-Cause-Solution

Order

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Created by Alan Monroe in 1930’s at Purdue University5 Steps

AttentionNeedSatisfactionVisualizationAction

Methods of Persuasion

Why should I listen to you?

Credibility - Ethos

Audiences perception as to whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

2 factorsCompetenceCharacter

Types of Credibility

InitialDerivedTerminal

Establishing Credibility

Explain your competenceEstablish a common ground with the

audienceDeliver your speeches fluently,

expressively and with conviciton

Evidence - Logos

People are Skeptical…back up what you say with evidenceUse specific evidenceUse novel evidenceUse credible sourcesMake clear point of evidence

Reasoning - Logos

Process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence

4 Basic TypesReasoning for specific instancesReason from principleCausal reasoningAnalogical Reasoning

Reasoning for specific instances

Moves from particular facts to general conclusions

Reasoning from Principle

Moves from general thought to specific thought

Causal Reasoning

Establishes a relationship between causes and effects

Analogical Reasoning

Compares two similar cases and infers what is true for the first case is true for the other due to their relationship

Fallacies

Red HerringAd HominemEither-OrBandwagonSlippery Slope

Appeal to Emotions

Evoking an emotional response from your audienceUse emotional languageDevelop vivid examplesSpeak with sincerity and conviction

Test Results

A = 135 -150 points B = 120 – 134 points C = 105 – 119 points

Top Grade: 140

Grade Breakdown A = 7 B = 15 C = 3