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SCIENCE vs. ART O Is Psychology really a science or is it more of an art form? O The practice of psychology is based on research using the scientific method. O Psychology involves humans and creativity. O When dealing with a complex issue with 2 extreme opinions, the answer is probably somewhere in the middle.
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INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY
WHAT IS PSYCHOLGY?O Psychology is the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes.
O The 4 goals of Psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control human behavior and processes
SCIENCE vs. ARTO Is Psychology really a science or is it more of
an art form?
O The practice of psychology is based on research using the scientific method.
O Psychology involves humans and creativity.
O When dealing with a complex issue with 2 extreme opinions, the answer is probably somewhere in the middle.
EDUCATIONO M.A. or M.S. (usually 2-3 yrs)
O Ph.D. (usually 4-5 yrs)
O Psy.D. (usually 4-5 yrs)
Careers in PsychologyO B.A./B.S.
O Social servicesO Child care providerO Human Resources specialistO MarketingO Public Relations
Careers in PsychologyO M.A./M.S.
O Social ServicesO Research AssistantO TeacherO Industrial Organizational (I/O)
Psychology
Careers in PsychologyO Ph.D.
O University ProfessorO ResearcherO Therapist (Private, Hospital, Mental
Health Facility)O I/O psychology
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGYO Roots in Ancient Greek Philosophers
O Hippocrates: Humans are made of 4 ‘humors’ that needed to stay in balance for mental and physical health
O Plato argued that some knowledge is inborn in humans
O Aristotle had theories of memory, motivation, and happiness that greatly impacted our understanding of these concepts today
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGYO Rene Descartes (1596-1650):
O explains the NS as tubes that contain animal spirits which flow through the nerves and creates sensations.
O John Locke (1632-1704)O Tabula Rasa: blank slate
O Josef Gall (1758-1828)O Phrenology
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLGY
O Early 1900sO Gestalt Psychology: focuses on the
organization of perception and thinking as a “whole” sense rather than on the individual elements of perception.
O The whole is different than the sum of its parts
O Law of Pragnanz
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGYO Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
O Established the 1st experimental laboratory devoted to psychological phenomena
O Structuralism: Wundt’s approach which focuses on uncovering mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities.
O Introspection: A procedure used to study the structure of the mind (self-report experience based on stimuli)
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGYO William James (1842-1910)
O Father of American PsychologyO American Psychologist who set up a
Psychology Lab in Cambridge, Mass. Soon after Wundt established his lab.
O Functionalism: Concentrated on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments
PSYCHOLOGY TODAYO 5 Major Perspectives
O NeuroscienceO BehavioralO PsychodynamicO CognitiveO Humanistic
NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
O Views behavior from the perspective of the brain, nervous system, and other biological functions
O Examples: O How nerve cells join together to
communicateO What areas of the brain are
responsible for certain emotions
BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
O Focuses on observable and measureable behavior
O By studying and controlling the environment, a person’s behavior can be understood. All behavior can be controlled by controlling the environment
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
O Views behavior as being motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control
O Freud: Quack or Genius?
COGNITIVE PERSECTIVE
O This approach focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world
O Can be compared to the workings of a computer.
O Interested in describing patterns and irregularities in the way individuals’ minds work
HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
O The approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior
O Emphasizes free will and achieving self-fulfillment
KEY ISSUES IN PSYCHOLOGY
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