Introduction to Psychology Chapter 1. Define the following vocabulary words PsychologicalCognitivePsychologyHypothesisTheory Basic Science Applied Science

Introduction to Introduction to PsychologyPsychology

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Define the Define the following following

vocabulary wordsvocabulary wordsPsychologicaPsychologicall

CognitiveCognitive

PsychologyPsychology

HypothesisHypothesis

TheoryTheory

Basic ScienceBasic Science

Applied Applied ScienceScience

Scientific Scientific MethodMethod

What insight What insight might you gain might you gain

from psychology?from psychology?

Insight into various types of human Insight into various types of human behaviors, having practical behaviors, having practical applications.applications.

Let us take some time to list and Let us take some time to list and discuss examples for each of these.discuss examples for each of these.

What 3 practical What 3 practical applications of Psychology applications of Psychology

are discussed in the are discussed in the beginning of the Chapter? beginning of the Chapter? Give examples of each from Give examples of each from

your own life?your own life?

1.1. ShapingShaping2.2. Mnemonic DevicesMnemonic Devices

3.3. Childhood DevelopmentChildhood Development

Describe how the story Describe how the story of the 3 blind men & of the 3 blind men &

the elephant, relate to the elephant, relate to the study of human the study of human

behavior.behavior.

In order to understand the behaviors In order to understand the behaviors of humans we must not look at it in of humans we must not look at it in

small pieces but as a whole.small pieces but as a whole.

Cite the main points of Cite the main points of each as it relates to each as it relates to

psychology.psychology.DescriptionDescription

ExplanationExplanation

PredictionPrediction

InfluenceInfluence

Explain or gather info Explain or gather info about behavior being about behavior being studied. To present studied. To present what is knownwhat is known

Present psychological Present psychological principals (valid ideas principals (valid ideas on behavior)on behavior)

Educated guessing of Educated guessing of what will happen what will happen based on the past based on the past events.events.

Shaping behavior in Shaping behavior in order to helporder to help

Using basic & applied Using basic & applied science, What was science, What was discovered about discovered about

infant development?infant development?

Going to extremes (both high and Going to extremes (both high and low) can cause retardation both low) can cause retardation both

mentally and physically. A constant mentally and physically. A constant medium level of stimulus is best for medium level of stimulus is best for

proper development.proper development.

Reconstruct the Graphic Reconstruct the Graphic Organizer about the Organizer about the Scientific Method.Scientific Method.

See page 12.See page 12.

To what purpose is To what purpose is the scientific the scientific

method used to method used to collect data?collect data?

To ensure data is collected accurately, and To ensure data is collected accurately, and to eliminate researchers bias from skewing to eliminate researchers bias from skewing

results. results.

Give 3 facts about Give 3 facts about Wilhelm WunoltWilhelm Wunolt

1. Credited as the 11. Credited as the 1stst to set up to set up psychological lab.psychological lab.

2. Said psychology had 2 elements- 2. Said psychology had 2 elements- Sensations & FeelingsSensations & Feelings

3. Created “introspection” -> led to 3. Created “introspection” -> led to scientific methodscientific method

Introspection -> is about the self, Introspection -> is about the self, scientific method is applied to the scientific method is applied to the outside.outside.


vocabulary words.vocabulary words.StructuralismStructuralism

IntrospectionIntrospection

FunctionalismFunctionalism

PsychoanalystPsychoanalyst

BehavioristsBehaviorists

HumanistsHumanists

PsychobiologisPsychobiologists ts

Outline the Outline the origins of origins of

Psychology.Psychology.B.C.E.B.C.E.

55thth – 6 – 6thth Century B.C.E. Century B.C.E. -> Greeks -> Greeks discover discover people are people are rationale.rationale.

A.D. A.D.

Mid 1500’s Copernicus said Mid 1500’s Copernicus said that the world was not that the world was not center of universe -> center of universe -> Galileio uses telescope to Galileio uses telescope to prove -> Renaissance prove -> Renaissance thought of experiment thought of experiment through observation.through observation.

1717thth Century Decartes says Century Decartes says mind & body linked, how mind & body linked, how we act determines how we act determines how they interact.they interact.

Studying big ideas is Studying big ideas is broken down into smaller broken down into smaller parts.parts.

Give the greatest hits Give the greatest hits for the following for the following

historical approaches:historical approaches:

Structuralism Structuralism Wundt Wundt created which established created which established modern psychology. Later modern psychology. Later created introspection. created introspection. Started using a systematic Started using a systematic approach to study.approach to study.

Give the greatest Give the greatest hits for the following hits for the following

historical historical approaches:approaches:

Functionalism Functionalism William James William James taught 1taught 1stst Psychology class at Psychology class at Harvard in 1875. He is often Harvard in 1875. He is often referred to as the father of referred to as the father of psychology. Principles of psychology. Principles of Psychology was the 1Psychology was the 1stst textbook used. Focused mainly textbook used. Focused mainly on the functions of psychology. on the functions of psychology.



Inheritable Traits Inheritable Traits Galton found Galton found greatness runs in the family, and greatness runs in the family, and wanted to understand traits wanted to understand traits influence. Created a primitive influence. Created a primitive ancestor of the I.Q. Test & ancestor of the I.Q. Test & Personality test. Raised the Personality test. Raised the question: Is behavior determined question: Is behavior determined by heredity or environment? by heredity or environment? (Nature vs. Nurture)(Nature vs. Nurture)



Gestalt Psychology Gestalt Psychology Wertheimer, Kohler, & Koffka Wertheimer, Kohler, & Koffka all disagreed with structuralism all disagreed with structuralism + behaviorism and said it is + behaviorism and said it is “whole pattern” not sum of the “whole pattern” not sum of the parts. This became the parts. This became the forerunner of cognitive forerunner of cognitive approach to psychology.approach to psychology.

Briefly summarize each Briefly summarize each of the following of the following Contemporary Contemporary Approaches:Approaches:

Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic Freud and the Freud and the unconscious mind. Belief of primitive unconscious mind. Belief of primitive biological urges in conflict with biological urges in conflict with requirements of society & morality. This requirements of society & morality. This is the root of human behavior. Used free is the root of human behavior. Used free association= say anything that comes to association= say anything that comes to mind. Said dreams are expressions of mind. Said dreams are expressions of unconscious urge. Developed the use of unconscious urge. Developed the use of case studies, and is considered the most case studies, and is considered the most influential psychologist.influential psychologist.


Behavioral Behavioral

Pavlov and his dogs proved classic Pavlov and his dogs proved classic conditioning. conditioning.

Watson believed we should only be Watson believed we should only be concerned with the observable facts of concerned with the observable facts of behavior. behavior.

Skinner was responsible for Skinner was responsible for “Reinforcement”. Response to behavior “Reinforcement”. Response to behavior increasing the likelihood behavior will increasing the likelihood behavior will repeat) Eg. Matingrepeat) Eg. Mating


Humanist Humanist Maslow, Rogers, Maslow, Rogers, & may said behavior evolving & may said behavior evolving and self directed. and self directed. Environment is background to Environment is background to human growth. Each person human growth. Each person unique and has potential for unique and has potential for growth.growth.


Cognitive Cognitive Behavioral Behavioral Neuroscience is the study of Neuroscience is the study of how the brain, nervous how the brain, nervous system, hormones, & genetics system, hormones, & genetics influence behavior. influence behavior. Discovered link between Discovered link between chemicals in the brain and chemicals in the brain and behavior.behavior.


Sociocultural Sociocultural Influence Influence of cultural & ethnic of cultural & ethnic similarities and similarities and differences on behavior differences on behavior and social function.and social function.


vocabulary.vocabulary.Psychologist Psychologist

PsychiatryPsychiatry

Clinical Clinical PsychologistsPsychologists

Counseling Counseling PsychologistsPsychologists

Developmental Developmental PsychologistPsychologist

Educational Educational PsychologistsPsychologists

Community Community PsychologistsPsychologists

Industrial or Industrial or Organizational Organizational PsychologistsPsychologists

Experimental Experimental PsychologistsPsychologists

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Introduction to Psychology Chapter 1. Define the following vocabulary words PsychologicalCognitivePsychologyHypothesisTheory Basic Science Applied Science