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INTRODUCTION TO POLITICS FINAL EXAM ANSWERS
1. In his Two Treatises of Government, John Locke argues in favor of limited government and
protection for individual rights.
2. “According to Karl Marx, because the intellectual sphere has a relative autonomy in the social
structure, there is no prevailing ideology in capitalist societies, rather there is always a competition
of rival ideologies which have different political agendas.” False
3. The word Socialism coined in the early 1800s, referred to an ideology arguing that
citizens are best served by policies focused on meeting the basic needs of the entire
society rather than on serving the needs of individuals as individuals.
4. The capitalist keeps some of the value created by workers; this value is called Surplus value or
profit by Karl Marx.
5. Which one of the below is not one of the principles of fascism?
Asserts that the individual is more important than the state and becomes a citizen of the state only through
consent.
6. Which one of the below is not one of the early socialists? Mao Zedong
7. “According to modern liberals, society needs a centralized, vanguard party and does not need
multiparty competition through peaceful, lawful political participation.” False
8. “According to conservativists, reason is accepted to be an unreliable source to show people what
is right and what is wrong.” True
9. Fascists argued that the state could fulfill psychological needs by representing
a symbol of strength with which otherwise powerless individuals could identify. Indeed, being a part
of the state would lift people out of their isolated, petty, limited individual lives and attach them to
something bigger, something heroic.
10. Social Democracy supports peaceful, legal efforts to work toward socialism, and they believe in
multiparty competition and civil liberties.
11. Which one is one of the advocates of ‘classical liberalism’? Adam Smith
12. Edmund Burke believes that humans have a fundamental need for Order.
13. “Preserve yourself. Take care of yourself and your needs. Work to promote your own survival.”
are the principles of Fascism. False
14. Which one of the below is not one of the principles of classical liberalism?
Society is best arranged when individuals who are natural rulers do the ruling.
15. “Gypsies, socialists, criminals, homosexuals/lesbians, and individuals with disabilities were also
treated as inferior groups like Jews, which should be totally eliminated in concentration camps to
preserve the Nazi regime, according to Hitler.” True
16. According to T. H. Green, Interventionist government is the government that takes a role in
regulating economic and social interactions on behalf of those whose positive liberty is violated.
17. One of the similarities between Mussolini and Hitler regimes of 1930s was that during the early
years of their governments they ruled not only by means of force but also by means of popular
support from people not themselves suffering from the state-directed terror. True
18. Conservativists assert that because of the profound human tendency toward irrational behavior,
humans need guidance and direction from traditional authorities for society to enjoy peace and
stability. Fill in the blank with the proper answer from the terms below.
19. V. I. Lenin’s concept of Imperialism is important in explaining why older capitalist societies had
survived into the 1900s, despite Marx’s arguments that they were beset by internal contradictions,
and also why the prospects of socialist revolution in societies lacking capitalist traditions were so
promising.
20. In the United States, the ‘Republican Party’ calls itself Conservative.