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INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL PARTIES Women and Political Parties. The National Democratic Institute. Introductions/ Ground rules. Introductions Ground rules Ice breaker exercise. Introduction to Political Parties Objectives. To understand the roles, functions and organization of parties - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
Women and Political Parties
The National Democratic Institute
INTRODUCTIONS/INTRODUCTIONS/GROUND RULESGROUND RULES
• Introductions• Ground rules• Ice breaker exercise
INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL PARTIES
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES• To understand the roles, functions
and organization of parties• To consider the importance of
internal democracy to increase representation of women
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI
INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL PARTIES TOPICSPARTIES TOPICS
• Roles of political parties• Party elements and functions• Internal party democracy• Women’s participation
KEY TERMSKEY TERMS• Political
party• Democracy• Ruling party• Opposition• Transparenc
y• Other
terms? Photo: NDI
EXERCISE: ROLES OF EXERCISE: ROLES OF POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
• What are the basic roles of parties in a democracy?
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI
ROLE OF POLITICAL ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES
• Competing in elections to gain influence
• Aggregating and representing social interests
• Providing a structure for political participation
• Providing policy alternatives• Training political leaders
PARTIES AND CITIZENSPARTIES AND CITIZENS
Meaningful choices in governance
Avenues for political participation
Exert pressure on the political system
Put local concerns in a national context
Citizens Political Parties
CIVIL SOCIETY AND CIVIL SOCIETY AND PARTIESPARTIES
• CSOs: all groups outside government• Can play an active role in politics• Focus on fewer issues• Do not seek political office• Can work with a range of parties
Photo: NDI
PARTIES AND ELECTIONSPARTIES AND ELECTIONS• Communicate competing policies• Provide candidates• Engage in debate• Foster citizen participation• Get out the vote• Set electoral rules• Promote electoral integrity• Abide by results
PARTIES IN PARLIAMENT PARTIES IN PARLIAMENT AND LOCAL BODIESAND LOCAL BODIES
• Implement legislative agenda• Address citizens’ concerns• Party discipline• Committee work • Coalitions
Photo: NDI
PARTIES IN GOVERNMENTPARTIES IN GOVERNMENT
• Run affairs of country• Develop and implement policy• Oversee government agencies• Account for funds• Deliver on campaign promises
PARTIES IN OPPOSITIONPARTIES IN OPPOSITION• Contribute to accountability• Monitor government actions• Propose policy alternatives• Seek compromise and solutions
Photo: NDI
NEED FOR PARTIESNEED FOR PARTIES
• Political parties are not perfect but…• Scattering of individuals wouldn’t
function• Groups would take on party
characteristics• No other institution represents
citizens’ interests as well
DIVERSITY AMONG PARTIESDIVERSITY AMONG PARTIES
• Size• Funding• Penetration within the country• Ethnic makeup• Ideology• Governing vs. opposition
NATIONAL PARTIESNATIONAL PARTIESParty Seats in
National Assembly
African National Congress
264
Democratic Alliance 67
Congress of the People 30
Inkatha Freedom Party 18
Map: Wikipedia
PARTY ELEMENTS AND PARTY ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
• Constitution• Internal structure and communications– Branches– Subgroups
• Leadership selection• Platform/policy development• Membership• Funding
CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION
Party Constitution
Defines philosophy,values, principles
purpose
Defines internalorganization and
structure
Outlines internal decision-making
process
Membership eligibilityLeadership positionsand selection process
Roles and relationship among
different units
EXERCISE: EXPLORING EXERCISE: EXPLORING CONSTITUTIONSCONSTITUTIONS
• Political philosophy/values• Internal organization/structure• Decision-making process• Membership• Leadership positions and selection
PARTY STRUCTUREPARTY STRUCTURE
PARTY BRANCHESPARTY BRANCHESBranch
Leaders and Members
Have defined roles and responsibilities
Understand the party’s mission,
goals and strategies
Report information to leadership
Engage leaders in exchange of ideas
and decision-making
Party’s position on issues
Advice on how to discuss difficult/controversial issues
Info about political events/developments
PARTY SUBGROUPSPARTY SUBGROUPS
LEADERSHIP SELECTIONLEADERSHIP SELECTION• Indirect or direct elections• Party conventions• Term limits• Representation of women, youth,
etc.
Photo: NDI
POLICY DEVELOPMENTPOLICY DEVELOPMENT
Policy developed/informed by:• Party research staff• Ad hoc group of experts and party
members• Consultations and/or public forums
MEMBERSHIPMEMBERSHIPMember rights• Elect the party leadership• Participate in candidate selection• Access party-only forums• Receive special information
Photo: NDI
MEMBERSHIPMEMBERSHIPMember responsibilities• Contribute to and know policies and
platform• Understand constitution and
organization• Ensure party reflects their interests• Hold leaders accountable
PARTY FUNDINGPARTY FUNDING
• Private–Membership fees–Donations from members,
organizations and businesses–Revenue generating projects/events
• Public–Direct– Indirect
Photo: www.pixabay.com
EXERCISE: EXERCISE: ORGANIZATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS FACTORSSUCCESS FACTORS
• Characteristics of an effective party• Why are they important?• What are the consequences if they
are lacking?
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI
ORGANIZATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS FACTORSSUCCESS FACTORS
• Transparent decision-making procedures• Understood roles and responsibilities• Clear and frequent communication
INTERNAL PARTY INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY
• Abiding by rules of procedure• Holding leaders accountable• Seeking views of members• Encouraging participation of all• Representing all of society
EXERCISE: PARTY TRIANGLE EXERCISE: PARTY TRIANGLE
WHY WOMEN?WHY WOMEN?
• Higher standards of living• Concerns of marginalized voters
represented• Collaborative leadership styles• Work across party lines• Peace building• Better decisions
WHY DO PARTIES NEED WHY DO PARTIES NEED WOMEN?WOMEN?
• To gain party supporters and mobilize resources
• To help develop a platform that includes interests of all voters
• To win elections!
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI
WOMEN’S PARTICIPATIONWOMEN’S PARTICIPATIONPartPartyy
Women LeadersWomen Leaders % of % of MemberMemberss
MQMMQM Rabta CommitteeRabta Committee
1. Dr. Nasreen Jalil1. Dr. Nasreen Jalil
2. Ms. Mumtaz Anwar2. Ms. Mumtaz Anwar
18%18%
PML PML Central CabinetCentral Cabinet
1. Dr. Hamida Khorho, Senior Vice-President1. Dr. Hamida Khorho, Senior Vice-President
2. Mrs. Yaqut Jamil-ur-Rehman, Vice-President2. Mrs. Yaqut Jamil-ur-Rehman, Vice-President
3. Begum Mehnaz Rafi, Vice-President3. Begum Mehnaz Rafi, Vice-President
4. Ms. Nilofer Bakhtiar, President, Women’s 4. Ms. Nilofer Bakhtiar, President, Women’s WingWing
14%14%
PML-NPML-N Central CabinetCentral Cabinet
1. Begum Tehmina Daultana, Vice-President1. Begum Tehmina Daultana, Vice-President
2. Begum Ishrat Ashraf2. Begum Ishrat Ashraf
3. Ms. Najma Hameed3. Ms. Najma Hameed
4%4%
PPPPPP Central Executive CommitteeCentral Executive Committee
1. Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, Chairperson 1. Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, Chairperson
2. Begum Nusrat Bhutto Rahbar2. Begum Nusrat Bhutto Rahbar
5%5%
WOMEN’S WING WOMEN’S WING STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
• National, regional, local branches• Linkage to “mother party”• Representation on decision-making
bodies• Funding and resources• Risk: can marginalize women
EXERCISE: WHAT CAN A EXERCISE: WHAT CAN A WOMEN’S WING DO?WOMEN’S WING DO?
Photo: NDI
WOMEN’S WINGSWOMEN’S WINGS• Build awareness of gender frameworks• Draft gender equality policies and lobby
for and monitor their implementation• Network with women from other parties• Identify and engage male allies• Train women• Encourage and fund women candidates• Lobby leaders on women’s issues
WOMEN’S PARTIESWOMEN’S PARTIES
• Formed in many countries• Success has been limited• Prompted discussions on women's
rights and political participation
Photo: Katie Croake, NDI
INTRODUCTION TO PARTIES INTRODUCTION TO PARTIES REVIEWREVIEW
Effective parties are cornerstone of democracy and
• represent social interests and provide policy choices
• vary but have common structures• are transparent, democratic and
communicative• promote the participation of women