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Plant reproduction
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Objective 1.1Define Propagation
Propagation The reproduction of plants either sexually or
asexually.
Objective 1.2Define sexual reproduction and the terms associated with it.
Sexual Reproduction: The union of the female and male sex cells to
produce a seed (embryo). Ovule: female sex cell. Pollen: male sex cell. Embryo (seed-germ): an immature plant.
*Sexual reproduction involves the creation of a genetically new individual.
Objective 1.3List and explain the different types of seeds. Monocots:
Seeds with one seed leaf. Leaves have parallel
veins. 1 solid seed. Stem vacular bundles
scattered. Roots are adventitious Flowers in multiples of
three. Pollen with single
furrow or pore
Dicots Seeds with 2 seed leaves
or 2 cotyledons Veins are “webbed.” Pollen with three furrows
or pores. Flowers parts in
multiples of four or five. Stem vascular bundles in
a ring.
Complete Flowers Sepals The outer part of the flower.
In open flowers, the sepals are found at the base of the plant.
Pistil Stigma
The opening of the pistil. Style
The tube-like structure that connects the stigma and ovary.
Ovary The site of fertilization and growth of the
seed.
Incomplete Flower An incomplete flower
is one that lacks one or more of the four principal components identified in a complete flower.
Objective 1.5Explain the difference between a perfect and imperfect flower A perfect flower is
one with both the stamen and pistil
An imperfect flower is one that lacks one of the sex organs.
Objective 1.6Define pollination, fertilization and germination. Pollination
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the same species.
Fertilization The union of the pollen
and ovule cells.
Germination The sprouting of a seed.
Objective 1.7Define asexual reproduction
Asexual Reproduction: The reproduction of a plant without the uniting of a
pollen and ovule. Asexual reproduction is often referred to as vegetative
propagation since no seed is involved in the formation of the new plant.
It is known as a clone. Leaves, stems or roots may be used to grow a new
plant. *Produces a genetically identical plant.
Objective 1.8List the benefits of vegetative propagation.
True traits of the parents Maintains genetic purity with 100% replication of parent plant.
No seed Some plants do not produce a seed or the seeds are too
small to work with. Accelerates the time it takes to get a new plant to the
market Traditionally, it would take up to 40 years to get a new
plant to the general public; however, micropropagation can yield marketable levels of plants within 8 to 12 years.
Objective 1.9List and explain the different types of vegetative propagation.
Layering Involves getting roots to grow from the stem. I.e., magnolia tree
Cutting Using a short section of plant stems for propagation.
Budding Taking a bud from one plant and moving it to another.
Grafting Placing a section of a stem of one plant onto another plant.
Tissue culture Taking a group of cells or a single cell and growing it to a plant.