Introduction to Petroleum Engineering - Lecture 6

7/27/2019 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering - Lecture 6

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BEng (Hons) Petroleum Engineering

Course:

Introduction To Petroleum Engineering

Instructor

Dr. Tarek Darwich


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Course Outlines: What is Petroleum Engineering?

The Life Cycle of Oil and Gas projects,

Origin, formation and accumulation of Petroleum,

Oil & Gas Exploration,

Appraisal of Oil & Gas Discoveries,

Development of Oil & Gas Discoveries,

Producing Oil & Gas Fields, Transportation of Oil & Gas,

The Petroleum Industry & the Environment,

Petroleum Economics.

I ntroduction to Petroleum Engineer ing

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Drilling It is that branch of Petroleum Engineering that integrates all the information

of geophysical, geological, reservoir and also the surface logistics to make aborehole (well) up to the hydrocarbon reservoir depth to produce thehydrocarbon in the safest and optimal way without damaging theenvironment.

Catastrophics like blow out, fire, loss of human life, loss of hydrocarbon andenvironmental damage do occur (like recently occurred in Gulf of Mexico).


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Drilling Operations


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Drilling Operations


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https://www.ppdm.org/wiki/index.php/File:Drill_Hole_2.gif


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Drilling Operations


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https://www.ppdm.org/wiki/images/Drill_Hole_3.gif


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Exploration Drilling The well is drilled using a rotary drilling rig

The following factors should be taken intoconsideration when selecting a drilling rig:

Surface location (land, inland water, offshore)

Estimated maximum hole depth

Horsepower Requirements

Cost

Availability

Small drilling rigs may be mounted on trucksfor movement from one site to another.Larger drilling rigs are either erected onsiteor have portable, hinged derricks for easyhandling and erection.


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Exploration Drilling


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Main Drilling Rig Types


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Onshore Drilling Rig Conventional Type:

is considered usually as a componentrig in which the key components are solarge that they cannot be transportedon a single truck.

They vary in depth rating from 6,000to 35,000 ft.

Mobile Rigs:

Normally is used for shallow wells,water wells, or for the top hole ofdeeper wells.

Helicopter-Transported Land Rigs(Heli-rigs):

For remote locations

Rig is broken into small components(6,000 lb maximum weight)


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Mobile Rig


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Offshore Drilling Rig Jackup Rigs:


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MdWDzL9u2s


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Offshore Drilling Rig

Jackup Rigs:

Jackups are very widely used offshore drilling units.

It floats on a barge hull when towed to the drilling location. Once on location,the legs are moved down until they contact the seabed. By jacking the legs

further down, the hull raises up out of water.

A jackup may have three legs with a triangular-shaped barge hull or may havefour or more legs with rectangular hulls.

A jackups legs may be a cylindrical columns or they may be open-trussstructures which resemble a mast or a derrick.


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Semi-submersible Rigs:


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The Deepwater Horizon


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Semi-submersible Rigs:

The rigs sits on steel columns (between 3 and 8 of them), under which arebuoyancy chambers (called pontoons).

When under transport between locations, the pontoons are empty (or filled

with water as necessary for stability) so that the rig floats high out of water.

Once the rig is in position over the wellsite, ballast water is pumped into thetanks located within the pontoons and columns so that the rig becomes lower inthe water (it becomes less influenced by waves and winds).

A large semi-submersible may be capable of carrying most or all of the

equipment and supplies needed for drilling an entire well (useful forexploration wells in remote areas).

Semi-submersible rigs may be self-propelled or they may be towed by tugsbetween locations. On location, they may be anchored or dynamically positioned.

Accommodation for all personnel is available on the rig.


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Drillships:


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The Deepwater Horizon


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Drillships:

Have ship-shaped hull with the derrick centrally located.


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http://mb50.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/image141.png


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Main Components of Drilling Rigs


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- Power System

- Hoisting System

- Rotary System

- Circulating System- Well Control and Monitoring System


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Drilling Rig Power System

Most power is consumed by:

Hoisting System

Circulation System

Total power requirements 500 to 3000 HP

Diesel engines compose the majority of power sources on rotary rigs.

Natural gas or gasoline engines are getting more popular.

The minimum power requirement is around 10 HP every 100 ft depth


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Drilling Rig Hoisting System

Hoisting system is used to lower orraise the drill string, casing stringand other subsurface equipmentinto or out of the hole.

The principal components are: Derrick and Substructure

Block and tackle system

Draw works

The Derrick

A structure of steal beams or tubesthat can be completely dismantledand reassembled.

Provides vertical height to raisesections of pipe.

Provides support to the crown block


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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Derrick.JPG


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Drilling Rig Hoisting System

The main components of theBlock and Tackle System are:

The Crown Block

The Travelling Block

The Drilling Line

The main function is to providea mechanical advantage whichpermits easier handling of largeloads.

Draw works provide thehoisting and the braking powerrequired to raise or lower theheavy string of pipes.


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Documents

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering - Lecture 6