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INTRODUCTION TO ORAL BIOLOGY
Dr Umair Hassan
Assistant Professor
Oral Biology
• Oral biology deals with the origin, growth and
development , structure and function of the oral
tissues
• Oral biology also includes diseases like caries and
periodontal diseases.
• Overlaps basic medical science and clinical dental
science
Labial frenulum
Uvula
Lingual frenulum
Palatine tonsil
ORAL ANATOMY
Labia
Salivary Glands
Parotid glands drain through Stenson’s Duct (Parotid duct)
Submandibular glands run under the mucosa on either side of the midline of the mouthn by the Whartons ducts (Submandibular ducts).
Sublingual drain into the floor of the mouth by the Sublingual or Rivinus ducts.
Identifying the Structures and Tissues of a Tooth
• Dentations: sets of teeth• Primary or deciduous dentition (baby teeth)
• 20 teeth• Age 6month-2.5 years
• Permanent or Secondary (succedaneous) dentition• 32 teeth• Age 6-20 yrs
• Mixed Dentition both primary and permanent teeth present Age 6-12 yrs.
The Tooth
MAIN SECTIONS OF A TOOTH
• Crown: Visible part• Root: Below gingiva• Cervix: Neck• Apex: Tip of root
Main tooth tissues• Enamel: Covering of
crown• Cementum: Covering of
root• Dentin: Living hard tissue
under enamel and cementum
• Pulp: Soft tissue located in pulp canal & pulp chamber.
Periodontium
• Structures that surround and support teeth
1. Alveolar process or ridge
2. Periodontal ligament
3. Gingiva or gums
4. Cementum
Identifying the Teeth• Incisors: Anterior teeth
(used for cutting food)• Cuspids: Cuspids or
eyeteeth (for tearing food)
• Bicuspids: Premolars (NOT present in deciduous dentition)
• Molars: Posterior teeth (largest and strongest)
Primary or Deciduous Teeth
• First set of teeth – called
“baby” teeth
• 20 teeth
• There are NO Bicuspids
(premolars)
Permanent or Secondary Teeth
• Second or permanent set of teeth
• 32 teeth• NOTICE: Patient’s
right and left. Also named based on maxillary or mandibular
