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Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Concepts (OOPS) inC#.net

By: Suresh Dasari Apr 16, 2010

Categories: OOPS Concepts

OOPS Concepts

Class:

It is a collection of objects.

Object:

It is a real time entity.

An object can be considered a "thing" that can perform a set of related activities. The set of activities

that the object performs defines the object's behavior. For example, the hand can grip something or a

Student (object) can give the name or address. In pure OOP terms an object is an instance of a class

The above template describe about object Student

Class is composed of three things name, attributes, and operations

public class student

{

}

student objstudent=new student ();

According to the above sample we can say that Student object, named objstudent, has created out of

the student class.

In real world you will often find many individual objects all of the same kind. As an example, there may be

thousands of other bicycles in existence, all of the same make and model. Each bicycle has built from the

same blueprint. In object-oriented terms, we say that the bicycle is an instance of the class of objects

known as bicycles. In the software world, though you may not have realized it, you have already used

classes. For example, the Textbox control, you always used, is made out of the Textbox class, which

defines its appearance and capabilities. Each time you drag a Textbox control, you are actually creating

a new instance of the Textbox class.

Encapsulation:

Encapsulation is a process of binding the data members and member functions into a single unit.

Example for encapsulation is class. A class can contain data structures and methods.

Consider the following class

public class Aperture

{

public Aperture ()

{

}

protected double height;

protected double width;

protected double thickness;

public double get volume()

{

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Double volume=height * width * thickness;

if (volume



// obj.i =10; //Error cant access private data through object.

obj.j =10;

// obj.k=10; //Error cant access protected data through object.

obj.m=10;

obj.n=10;

// obj.s =10; //Errror Static data can be accessed by class names only

Class1.x = 10; //Error cant access private data outside class

// obj.y = 10; //Errror Static data can be accessed by class names only

Class1.y = 10;

}

What if Main is inside another assembly

[STAThread]

static void Main()

{

//Access specifiers comes into picture only when you create object of class outside the class

Class1 obj = new Class1();

// obj.i =10; //Error cant access private data through object.

obj.j =10;

// obj.k=10; //Error cant access protected data through object.

// obj.m=10; // Error cant access internal data outside assembly

// obj.n=10; // Error cant access internal data outside assembly

// obj.s =10; //Errror Static data can be accessed by class names only

Class1.x = 10; //Error cant access private data outside class

// obj.y = 10; //Errror Static data can be accessed by class names only

Class1.y = 10;

}

In object-oriented software, complexity is managed by using abstraction.

Abstraction is a process that involves identifying the critical behavior of an object and eliminating

irrelevant and complex details.

Inheritance:

Inheritance is a process of deriving the new class from already existing class

C# is a complete object oriented programming language. Inheritance is one of the primary concepts of

object-oriented programming. It allows you to reuse existing code. Through effective use of inheritance,

you can save lot of time in your programming and also reduce errors, which in turn will increase the quality

of work and productivity. A simple example to understand inheritance in C#.

Using System;

Public class BaseClass

{

Public BaseClass ()

{

Console.WriteLine ("Base Class Constructor executed");

}

Public void Write ()

{

Console.WriteLine ("Write method in Base Class executed");

}

}

Public class ChildClass: BaseClass

{

Public ChildClass ()

{

Console.WriteLine("Child Class Constructor executed");

}

Public static void Main ()

{

ChildClass CC = new ChildClass ();

CC.Write ();

}

}

In the Main () method in ChildClass we create an instance of childclass. Then we call the write () method.

If you observe the ChildClass does not have a write() method in it. This write () method has been

inherited from the parent BaseClass.

The output of the above program is

Output:

Base Class Constructor executed

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Child Class Constructor executed

Write method in Base Class executed

this output proves that when we create an instance of a child class, the base class constructor will

automatically be called before the child class constructor. So in general Base classes are automatically

instantiated before derived classes.

In C# the syntax for specifying BaseClass and ChildClass relationship is shown below. The base class is

specified by adding a colon, ":", after the derived class identifier and then specifying the base class name.

Syntax: class ChildClassName: BaseClass

{

//Body

}

C# supports single class inheritance only. What this means is, your class can inherit from only one base

class at a time. In the code snippet below, class C is trying to inherit from Class A and B at the same

time. This is not allowed in C#. This will lead to a compile time

error: Class 'C' cannot have multiple base classes: 'A' and 'B'.

public class A

{

}

public class B

{

}

public class C : A, B

{

}

In C# Multi-Level inheritance is possible. Code snippet below demonstrates mlti-level inheritance. Class B

is derived from Class A. Class C is derived from Class B. So class C, will have access to all members

present in both Class A and Class B. As a result of multi-level inheritance Class has access to

A_Method(),B_Method() and C_Method().

Note: Classes can inherit from multiple interfaces at the same time. Interview Question: How can you

implement multiple inheritance in C#? Ans : Using Interfaces. We will talk about interfaces in our later

article.

Using System;

Public class A

{

Public void A_Method ()

{

Console.WriteLine ("Class A Method Called");

}

}

Public class B: A

{

Public void B_Method ()

{


}

}

Public class C: B

{

Public void C_Method ()

{


}


{

C C1 = new C ();

C1.A_Method ();

C1.B_Method ();

C1.C_Method ();

}

}

When you derive a class from a base class, the derived class will inherit all members of the base class

except constructors. In the code snippet below class B will inherit both M1 and M2 from Class A, but you

cannot access M2 because of the private access modifier. Class members declared with a private access

modifier can be accessed only with in the class. We will talk about access modifiers in our later article.

Common Interview Question: Are private class members inherited to the derived class?

Ans: Yes, the private members are also inherited in the derived class but we will not be able to access

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them. Trying to access a private base class member in the derived class will report a compile time error.

Using System;

Public class A

{

Public void M1 ()

{

}

Private void M2 ()

{

}

}

Public class B: A

{


{

B B1 = new B ();

B1.M1 ();

//Error, Cannot access private member M2

//B1.M2 ();

}

}

Method Hiding and Inheritance We will look at an example of how to hide a method in C#. The Parent

class has a write () method which is available to the child class. In the child class I have created a new

write () method. So, now if I create an instance of child class and call the write () method, the child class

write () method will be called. The child class is hiding the base class write () method. This is called

method hiding.

If we want to call the parent class write () method, we would have to type cast the child object to

Parent type and then call the write () method as shown in the code snippet below.

Using System;

Public class Parent

{

Public void Write ()

{

Console.WriteLine ("Parent Class write method");

}

}

Public class Child: Parent

{

Public new void Write ()

{

Console.WriteLine ("Child Class write method");

}


{

Child C1 = new Child ();

C1.Write ();

//Type caste C1 to be of type Parent and call Write () method

((Parent) C1).Write ();

}

}

Polymorphism:

When a message can be processed in different ways is called polymorphism. Polymorphism means many

forms.

Polymorphism is one of the fundamental concepts of OOP.

Polymorphism provides following features:

It allows you to invoke methods of derived class through base class reference during runtime.

It has the ability for classes to provide different implementations of methods that are called

through the same name.

Polymorphism is of two types:

1. Compile time polymorphism/Overloading

2. Runtime polymorphism/Overriding

Compile Time Polymorphism

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Compile time polymorphism is method and operators overloading. It is also called early binding.

In method overloading method performs the different task at the different input parameters.

Runtime Time Polymorphism

Runtime time polymorphism is done using inheritance and virtual functions. Method overriding is called

runtime polymorphism. It is also called late binding.

When overriding a method, you change the behavior of the method for the derived class. Overloading

a method simply involves having another method with the same prototype.

Caution: Don't confused method overloading with method overriding, they are different, unrelated

concepts. But they sound similar.

Method overloading has nothing to do with inheritance or virtual methods.

Following are examples of methods having different overloads:

void area(int side);

void area(int l, int b);

void area(float radius);

Practical example of Method Overloading (Compile Time Polymorphism)

using System;

namespace method_overloading

{

class Program

{

public class Print

{

public void display(string name)

{

Console.WriteLine ("Your name is : " + name);

}

public void display(int age, float marks)

{

Console.WriteLine ("Your age is : " + age);

Console.WriteLine ("Your marks are :" + marks);

}

}

static void Main(string[] args)

{

Print obj = new Print ();

obj.display ("George");

obj.display (34, 76.50f);

Console.ReadLine ();

}

}

}

Note: In the code if you observe display method is called two times. Display method will work according to

the number of parameters and type of parameters.

When and why to use method overloading

Use method overloading in situation where you want a class to be able to do something, but there is more

than one possibility for what information is supplied to the method that carries out the task.

You should consider overloading a method when you for some reason need a couple of methods that take

different parameters, but conceptually do the same thing.

Method overloading showing many forms.

using System;

namespace method_overloading_polymorphism

{

Class Program

{



Public class Shape

{

Public void Area (float r)

{

float a = (float)3.14 * r;

// here we have used function overload with 1 parameter.

Console.WriteLine ("Area of a circle: {0}",a);

}

Public void Area(float l, float b)

{

float x = (float)l* b;

// here we have used function overload with 2 parameters.

Console.WriteLine ("Area of a rectangle: {0}",x);

}

public void Area(float a, float b, float c)

{

float s = (float)(a*b*c)/2;

// here we have used function overload with 3 parameters.

Console.WriteLine ("Area of a circle: {0}", s);

}

}

Static void Main (string[] args)

{

Shape ob = new Shape ();

ob.Area(2.0f);

ob.Area(20.0f,30.0f);

ob.Area(2.0f,3.0f,4.0f);

Console.ReadLine ();

}

}

}

Things to keep in mind while method overloading

If you use overload for method, there are couple of restrictions that the compiler imposes.

The rule is that overloads must be different in their signature, which means the name and the number and

type of parameters.

There is no limit to how many overload of a method you can have. You simply declare them in a class, just

as if they were different methods that happened to have the same name.

Method Overriding:

Whereas Overriding means changing the functionality of a method without changing the signature. We

can override a function in base class by creating a similar function in derived class. This is done by using

virtual/override keywords.

Base class method has to be marked with virtual keyword and we can override it in derived class using

override keyword.

Derived class method will completely overrides base class method i.e. when we refer base class object

created by casting derived class object a method in derived class will be called.

Example:

// Base class

public class BaseClass

{

public virtual void Method1()

{

Console.Write("Base Class Method");

}

}

// Derived class

public class DerivedClass : BaseClass

{

public override void Method1()

{

Console.Write("Derived Class Method");

}

}

// Using base and derived class

public class Sample



{

public void TestMethod()

{

// calling the overriden method

DerivedClass objDC = new DerivedClass();

objDC.Method1();

// calling the baesd class method

BaseClass objBC = (BaseClass)objDC;

objDC.Method1();

}

}

Output

---------------------

Derived Class Method

Derived Class Method

Constructors and Destructors:

Classes have complicated internal structures, including data and functions, object initialization and

cleanup for classes is much more complicated than it is for simple data structures. Constructors and

destructors are special member functions of classes that are used to construct and destroy class objects.

Construction may involve memory allocation and initialization for objects. Destruction may involve cleanup

and deallocation of memory for objects.

Constructors and destructors do not have return types nor can they return values.

References and pointers cannot be used on constructors and destructors because their addresses

cannot be taken.

Constructors cannot be declared with the keyword virtual.

Constructors and destructors cannot be declared const, or volatile.

Unions cannot contain class objects that have constructors or destructors.

Constructors and destructors obey the same access rules as member functions. For example, if

you declare a constructor with protected access, only derived classes and friends can use it to

create class objects.

The compiler automatically calls constructors when defining class objects and calls destructors

when class objects go out of scope. A constructor does not allocate memory for the class object

its this pointer refers to, but may allocate storage for more objects than its class object refers to.

If memory allocation is required for objects, constructors can explicitly call the new operator.

During cleanup, a destructor may release objects allocated by the corresponding constructor. To

release objects, use the delete operator.

Example of Constructor

class C

{

private int x;

private int y;

public C (int i, int j)

{

x = i;

y = j;

}

public void display ()

{

Console.WriteLine(x + "i+" + y);

}

}

Example of Destructor

class D

{

public D ()

{

// constructor

}

~D ()

{

// Destructor

}

}

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225 comments:

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Anonymous said...

nice article

April 28, 2010 at 9:21 PM

Anonymous said...

Nice Article good work

June 18, 2010 at 2:27 AM

siva said...

its very nice plz every one go throw it

siva

September 3, 2010 at 2:00 AM

just said...

88

Like



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its very useful

October 28, 2010 at 4:20 AM

Anonymous said...

very thank you.Now I come to know for what they are really meant for.

I'm having a doubt on static keyword.what is the use of static and where it is really used.

December 19, 2010 at 10:47 PM

Anonymous said...

Thanku

January 25, 2011 at 5:03 AM

Anonymous said...

Thank you very much....It's a very nice article and useful..

January 27, 2011 at 12:37 AM

kancheti venkat said...

I have Clarified my doubts in oops .ThanQ . Keep Rocking.

May 16, 2011 at 11:39 PM

Anonymous said...

nice n valuable info...

June 26, 2011 at 10:35 PM

sql said...

its very useful for all beginners ...really nice but i want some change ur website i.e i want to click sql tab then it will

open another extra tab so dat much of burden to server..

July 19, 2011 at 11:34 PM

Prasanthi said...

Nice article on OOPS Concept.Good work

August 6, 2011 at 5:41 AM

Anonymous said...

its very useful for all beginners ...really nice

October 13, 2011 at 9:43 PM

Anonymous said...

Nice Article Good job Thanks


Gopi said...

Hi Suresh

Good Job

October 17, 2011 at 12:04 AM

Tamil said...

Very nice.....


Anonymous said...

Great work. Keep it up!


TweetTweet

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Anonymous said...

hi suresh good job.

October 31, 2011 at 12:16 AM

komal said...

Very Very usefull suresh keep it up..and i daily read your blog and learn new thing every day..

November 6, 2011 at 7:50 PM

harani said...

article chala bagundi

November 15, 2011 at 2:03 AM

Anonymous said...

good


Anonymous said...

not clear with constructor can u give more details


Anonymous said...

good


AMI said...

Very nice...and so simple

December 13, 2011 at 2:13 AM

Anonymous said...

Simple & Best


Anonymous said...

thank u


Anonymous said...

Good one...saved this link to share with my friends...Excellent work..:)


Anonymous said...

Superb...........


kotte said...

great boss good article


Manoj said...

Very good article


Anonymous said...



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This is very useful to will growing software in engineers in all program languages

by-indian


Basu said...

awesome article .....its very valuable thing for freshers.....


Anonymous said...

Bahut badhiya cheeze hai.........!Mast banaya!


Vinay Kumar said...

Great JOB Mr. Suresh....

January 9, 2012 at 10:22 PM

vijeesh said...

very nice.....


vijeesh said...

very nice.....


Anonymous said...

Very Nice! so Simple and easily Understand,

Thank You!

January 11, 2012 at 10:03 PM

SHAN said...

Good Work,

What are the Default Access Modifiers in C#?

if it is Internal please explain


Anonymous said...

Nice Work Keep it up

January 19, 2012 at 11:19 PM

sangmeshwar Mandade said...

Thank You Sir

January 22, 2012 at 11:06 PM

Anonymous said...

In the inheritance example base class constuctor execured first,then derived class constructor and then write

method but i this article at one point it was determined that derived class inherits all base class members except

constructors....i am confused with it pls explain.......


Rajesh said...

nice job suresh

January 30, 2012 at 10:27 PM

Naveen said...



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its really good website for learners...

February 2, 2012 at 11:37 AM

Naveen said...

Best website to improve our skills...


Vinod said...

Nice to see these type of website...Really wonderful


suresh mallina said...

its really good website for learners...


Basavaraja K said...

Good Explanation with good Examples.

Please explain about Threading

Regards,

Basavaraja K

February 16, 2012 at 8:24 PM

Anonymous said...

so nice very very very well


Hari said...

CLEARED EACH CONCEPT IN A VERY SIMPLE MANNER... VERY FEW HAS SUCH SKILLS...

IT'S GOOD TO FIND SOME ONE WITH SUCH SKILLS...

THANK YOU...

GOOD LUCK AND HAVE GOOD DAY...

February 28, 2012 at 4:57 PM

Anonymous said...

Good Information ... awesome!!!!

It will be very great if provide the same with vb.net code aswell....

REGARDS,VAMSHIKRISHNA

March 8, 2012 at 7:17 PM

Anonymous said...

Hi.My name is sai krishna.

You are really great. Your explanation is simply super. Its very much useful for the interview point of view. Thank you

so much. I have learnt so much from this post.

God bless you.

March 19, 2012 at 2:55 AM

sankar said...

This is very good Articles for beginers,and required more example to justify your view.

March 24, 2012 at 1:31 AM

Anonymous said...

It's really a good article.......!!!!!

April 2, 2012 at 4:34 AM



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Anonymous said...

Really easy to understand. Thanks suresh

April 5, 2012 at 2:28 AM

Anonymous said...

Nice Easy To Understand. Thanks

April 9, 2012 at 2:20 AM

Sanjay said...

Very Nice .......Good job

April 12, 2012 at 11:45 PM

Anonymous said...

great man...

it's really very good...

April 17, 2012 at 12:15 AM

Deewar said...

Simple but clear thinking..nice

April 19, 2012 at 12:16 AM

Anonymous said...

thank you for your effort

April 20, 2012 at 9:39 AM

Munna said...

Please Post A program for Captcha..

April 21, 2012 at 11:11 AM

Anonymous said...

Very nice Article. It clear all points. very nice

April 24, 2012 at 3:09 AM

Anonymous said...

Nice Article but Method Overriding which is the most important concept is missing.

April 25, 2012 at 9:54 PM

Anonymous said...

It's a very nice article and useful.

April 26, 2012 at 4:20 AM

rohansp said...

I think the concept of Abstraction is slightly different.The definition that you have given is for Encapsulation and not

Abstraction.

Abstraction is a mechanism that denotes the essential characteristics of an object which distinguish it from all

other kinds of objects.

The process of hiding the details and presenting the interface to the user is called as Encapsulation.

Please clarify.

May 2, 2012 at 11:28 PM

v.manikandaboopathi said...

very nice to ease of understanding information

May 4, 2012 at 12:32 AM



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Anonymous said...

this website is very helpful for improve ur skills

May 4, 2012 at 4:58 AM

justin said...

very nice your article suresh

Thanks

Justin

May 8, 2012 at 6:27 AM

Murugavel Sadagopan said...

excellent article suresh

May 8, 2012 at 6:48 PM

youtube html5 player said...

Thanks for sharing your info. I really appreciate your efforts and I will be waiting for your further write ups thanks

once again.

May 11, 2012 at 5:05 AM

Anonymous said...

good work sir..

real B O W for u...

May 14, 2012 at 12:48 AM

Anonymous said...

nice dear suresh..

May 16, 2012 at 9:08 PM

sandy said...

very nice article

May 20, 2012 at 11:45 PM

Ambily Ravi said...

very nice and easy to understanding thankz

May 29, 2012 at 4:54 AM

Anonymous said...

best article

May 29, 2012 at 10:17 PM

Anonymous said...

very useful and helps to understand the concepts easily....thanks suresh

May 30, 2012 at 12:24 AM

sanjeev kumar said...

Very Nice

June 1, 2012 at 10:18 PM

Anonymous said...

VERY NICE ARTICLE.....

June 5, 2012 at 4:38 PM

Anonymous said...

very useful link



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June 12, 2012 at 12:42 AM

LP said...

Excellent!

June 12, 2012 at 3:52 AM

Anonymous said...

Excellent work. Keep it up.

shankar

June 13, 2012 at 3:25 AM

Anonymous said...

Excellent post !!!

June 13, 2012 at 2:48 PM

ammar said...

Its Awesome...

Good Work.

June 14, 2012 at 2:17 AM

Anonymous said...

It is very useful.......!!

Thank you,

June 16, 2012 at 4:06 AM

Anonymous said...

u done a great job sir i dont know anything about oops concept now i am very clear about oops concept.......thanqqq

very much...sir!!

June 20, 2012 at 9:01 AM

ashref said...

very very very good article

June 21, 2012 at 7:47 PM

ankur said...

Best..........

June 25, 2012 at 1:25 AM

shruti said...

really nice.. looking forward to more such articles from you

June 25, 2012 at 1:48 AM

Anonymous said...

good and easy article...

June 25, 2012 at 5:31 AM

Anonymous said...

wow..great job..

June 25, 2012 at 9:38 PM

all india radio said...

wonderful ..tnks ...

June 26, 2012 at 4:51 AM



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Subha said...

Really nice post and a great blog to follow.... keep it up man...

June 26, 2012 at 6:57 AM

Murali said...

Good Work boss...

June 26, 2012 at 10:23 PM

Nilam Tetgure said...

Nilam Tetgure

great work keep it up.............

June 28, 2012 at 2:55 AM

Anonymous said...

very niceeeeeeee

June 28, 2012 at 7:00 AM

Anonymous said...

Very nice

June 28, 2012 at 11:37 PM

Ankit Patel said...

Nice article really helpful for me ...

June 29, 2012 at 9:04 PM

Anonymous said...

great, thnxs you

July 1, 2012 at 4:57 AM

Anonymous said...

I wonder u........

July 3, 2012 at 1:11 AM

Anonymous said...

very good suresh good article

July 9, 2012 at 5:15 AM

Anonymous said...

please provide some articles in oops.

July 9, 2012 at 5:21 AM

Anonymous said...

thanks friend..........for this information

July 9, 2012 at 11:30 AM

Anonymous said...

Thanks sir,

I am sourav really this docu is very helpful for every student or me.

Because various topic are collect in a single place.I things this document is sufficient to pass any 2 yrs expe in

dotnet tech.

thanks

July 11, 2012 at 1:43 AM

Anonymous said...



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Thanks for refresh me.

July 11, 2012 at 11:42 AM

Anonymous said...

This is speechless for me

July 12, 2012 at 4:00 AM

Anonymous said...

good suresh keep it up.............

July 13, 2012 at 12:21 AM

Anonymous said...

This is very useful for me and easily understandable for us.so read every one.

Thanks suresh sir,

July 13, 2012 at 4:50 AM

Prasad Mari said...

Excellent Article

July 14, 2012 at 2:04 AM

Anonymous said...

Good Article!!!! :)

July 16, 2012 at 5:30 AM

Praveen Kumar Srivastava said...

I am so happy and i gain good knowledge by your example.

thank you so much friend

July 16, 2012 at 10:27 PM

Anoop said...

Excellent work.

July 17, 2012 at 6:42 PM

Salik Ram Maurya said...

Very helpful article

July 18, 2012 at 10:38 PM

Anonymous said...

Thank You Suresh... Its Very helpfull..

July 19, 2012 at 9:59 AM

Anonymous said...

nice

July 23, 2012 at 2:52 AM

Narendran said...

great work

July 26, 2012 at 12:05 AM


realy very nice artical

July 27, 2012 at 1:31 AM




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sent me asp.net Question

July 27, 2012 at 1:33 AM

Vikas Sharma said...

Thanks a lot for providing this type of notes Through which my all the queries are sought out . thanks again

July 28, 2012 at 9:52 AM

Asif said...

Thanks for such a simple article on OOPS. Great work keep it up.

July 29, 2012 at 12:44 AM

linoy said...

Linoy said,

Good article ,,,,

July 31, 2012 at 11:23 PM

Revathy said...

Thank U so much suresh....i felt u explained clearly but i want to know how to create dll and how can use tat in

coding.so could u plz give some examples???

August 6, 2012 at 11:55 PM

Gobi Selvaraj said...

nice to read...keep it up. Gud work. God bless you

August 16, 2012 at 8:29 AM

Anonymous said...

nice article

August 23, 2012 at 4:45 AM

viresh rajput said...

Very nice post Suresh

August 23, 2012 at 10:45 PM

Arun Kumar Yadav said...

it's awesome sir..............keep update.......

August 24, 2012 at 3:29 AM

Anonymous said...

encapsulation definations is given for abstraction.

August 26, 2012 at 11:25 PM

Vishal Srivastava said...

Thanks Suresh..its Help me a lot..

August 28, 2012 at 9:13 PM

Anil said...

good coverage of basic concepts..

August 29, 2012 at 5:01 AM

Anonymous said...

nice by R.Mugundhan


Anonymous said...



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Nice topic

September 3, 2012 at 10:09 PM

kalai arasan said...

i need your suggestion for me regarding sharing my web application to print in ubuntu platform without deploy any

program in ubuntu. did you have any idea inform me on [email protected],i am waiting for your

valuable reply sir...


Balaji Thirunavukarasu said...

i want mysql stored procedure using login page and register page . i have created login page and register page

using mysql stored procedure in asp.net.in this @ parameter is used to insert in the text value stored null value in

mysql database .i dont know how to @parameter using in asp.net at mysql . i want mysql support Query stored

procedured query. Please help me


Anonymous said...

Nice article with easily understandable examples


Anonymous said...

Very nice post


Anonymous said...

great post


Arun said...

Great Post


suman said...

very help full post ..Nice gr8 work


sonalis shinde said...

This comment has been removed by the author.


Anonymous said...

very nice but concept of constructor little bit confusing because as you write that constructor cannot define as static

but constructor can define as static.


Anonymous said...

thank you.. To give clear information about oops..


Anonymous said...

ThankYou great post this article helped me lot


somesh said...

Hi dude

Nice blog.



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Abhimanyu said...

THANKS A LOT FOR HELP ME...!

To give clear information about oops.


saurabh khare said...

oops concept its very nice


Anonymous said...

Thanks a lot man..One word for u..U ROCK..


Anonymous said...

good n meaningful


habeeb said...

good nice......

by

habeeb


Anonymous said...

FYI:"Constructors and destructors cannot be declared static, const, or volatile"

U are wrong suresh,constructors can be static :)


Dinesh said...

Just want to share my answer for comment 5: Static,

Static refers to the nature of the member as independent of object. ex: Static members can be called without

creating object.


sivarajan said...

nice good article


mayank said...

nice article.....


Anonymous said...

very gud :) keep it

October 12, 2012 at 11:12 AM

nitesh sharma said...

Than sir

it is very gud.....


jayakumar chinta said...

very nice....................



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Anonymous said...

Hey... It's really help me to understand the concepts... Thanks...


Anonymous said...

very informative.


Anonymous said...

Senthil:Nice article


h said...

js superb..........


Anonymous said...

Good explanation for interviews..


Anonymous said...

Really Nice...


Harsha said...

thank you...


santosh kushwaha said...

good for beginner and also exp guys.

October 27, 2012 at 12:42 PM

Unknown said...

Thanks so much... great help...


Anonymous said...

very useful oops concepts..thank u...


sanjay bathre said...

thank you ..... great article

October 30, 2012 at 12:37 AM

Anonymous said...

Gud Job..H


NANDISH said...

VERY GUD..




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Pradeep said...

It is very gud article..it cleared most of doubts thet were in my mind...thanku


Anonymous said...

nice


Anonymous said...

Nice one...very helpful


Dhananjay Gupta said...

very good example of oops


Anonymous said...

Good commant


Anonymous said...

its very useful notes for begginer thanks for that notes i understand all the conceot


Anonymous said...

Nice and anyone can understand easily....


Anonymous said...

Thank u suresh


Virendra Puskar said...

gud


Anonymous said...

great post!


Nitish Kumar said...

Sir, Thank you very much. I had very confusion about opp concept you made it clear to me. Thanks...


Anonymous said...

Nice Work


mohanbabu mohan said...

blogs are very nice.........thank u suresh


Anonymous said...



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Nice Artical for beginners... Thank u Suresh :)


Anonymous said...

Nice Artical for beginners


Anonymous said...

I am sourav really this docu is very helpful for every student or me.

Because various topic are collect in a single place.I things this document is sufficient to pass any 2 yrs expe in

dotnet tech.


Anonymous said...

Nice Artical for beginners


MallaReddy said...

Really very nice for beginners.


Anonymous said...

Very Nice...! Any beginner can understand easly.

Thanks....!


Anonymous said...

very good article for learners....


Anonymous said...

Very nice. Thank you.


Anonymous said...

why we can't use multiple inheritence in C#


Anonymous said...

excellent...thanks!


Anonymous said...

------


Anonymous said...

Excellent work yaar!!!


Nageswar said...

nice


Anonymous said...



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nice conpects...


Anonymous said...

no word to describe.....


Anonymous said...

very good article


Anonymous said...

woww very good article...


Anonymous said...

You are the Man !!!!


Karthikeyan S said...

It s very useful and easy to understand..Thank you Suresh..:)


Anonymous said...

nice dude


Anonymous said...

thanx for article it useful to understand the concept easily


NITIN DONGRE said...

Good Work.

Keep it on..............




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