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Overview
What is NS2?
- Event driven network simulator
- Developed at UC Berkely
- Implements network protocols 1) TCP, UPD
2) Traffic source mechanism: FTP, TELNET, Web, CBR and VBR
3) Router Queue management mechanism: Drop Tail, RED, CBQ
4) Routing Algorithm: Dijkstra, and etc…
5) Multicasting, Mac layer protocols for LAN
Overview
Background on the ns Simulator
- based on two languages( an object-oriented simulator (C++), and OTcl (object-oriented Tcl) interpreter.
- has rich library of network and protocol object
- Compiled C++ hierarchy gives efficiency in simulation and faster execution times.
- With OTcl script provided by user, a network topology is simulated.
Overview
Ns2 is event simulator where the advance of time depends on the timing of events which are maintained by a scheduler.
Event – an object in C++ hierarchy.
unique ID, Scheduled time,
pointer to an object Scheduler – maintains ordered data structure
with the events to be executed and fires them one by one, invoking the handler of the event.
How to Install-Window XP-
Go to Website: http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Running_Ns_and_Nam_Under_Windows_9x/2000/XP_Using_Cygwin
Read “Requirements and Installation Tips” Carefully.
Download cygwin.exe from http://www.cygwin.com/
Click the “cygwin.exe”
How to Install
Select to Install all ( I recommend it) You can select “install”, “default”, “uninstall”, “install”, and “reinstall” behind the first
line “all”. If you select “install”, then all sub items will be automatically selected. Otherwise you may lose some items.
How to Install
NS2 InstallationDownload ns-allinone-2.29.2.tar.gz from
Website and Save it to the c:/cygwin /usr/local
Unpack it: tar xvfz ns-allinone-2.29.2.tar.gzClick on desktop icon “cygwin”
How to Install
Type “cd ..” to go to the upper folder(“cd” must be low case. And there is one space between “d” and “.”)
Type “cd ..” again.
How to Install
Configure system variables and library paths After finishing installing, following window appears
How to Install
Add the following path separated with “;” make sure to not change the existing path.
/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29.2/bin
/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29.2/tcl8.4.11/unix
/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29.2/tk8.4.11/unix
How to Install
Go to cygwin and type the following content
Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/otcl-1.11
Export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/lib
Export TCL_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/library
OTcl – The User Language
NS2 is basically an OTcl interpreter with network simulation object libraries
Very simple syntax and easy integration with other languages.
Characteristics: - fast development - provide graphic interface - compatible with many platforms - flexible for integration - easy to use - free
OTcl – The User Language
Proc: define a procedure, followed by an procedure name and arguments
Set: assign a value to a variable[expr …]: to make the interpreter calculate
the value of expression within the bracketTo assign to variable x the value that
variable a has, then write “set x $a”.Put: prints out
Event Scheduler
Main users of an event scheduler are network components that simulate packet-handling delay or that need time
Event Scheduler
Two different types of event schedulers
- real time: for emulation which allow the simulator to interact with a real network
- non-real time: three implementations are available (Heap, List, Calendar). The default is set as Calendar
Event Scheduler
Example . . .
set ns [new Simulator]$ns use-scheduler Heap. . .
. . .set ns [new Simulator]$ns use-scheduler Heap$ns at 300.5 "complete_sim". . .
proc complete_sim {} {. . .}
Packet
NS2 packet is composed of a stack of headers and optional dataspace.
Packet format is initialized when a Simulator object is created. So, a network object can access any header in the stack of a packet it processes using corresponding offset value.
Simple Simulation Implement
Click on desktop icon “cygwin”Make sure to put the exe files under C:\
cygwin\usr\localDo the following steps to execute
example.
Simple Simulation Implement
However you will fail to run the “ns-simple.tcl” with the displayed notice. This is because you did not open “XWin” yet
Simple Simulation Implement
Open “Xwin” from “C:\cygwin\usr\X11R6\bin”. If everything is fine, you will then get the following figures.
Simple Simulation Implement
That means some components missed. You can then copy these files from “C:\cygwin\bin” to “C:\cygwin\usr\X11R6\bin”
After you open X11, you may still can not run “ns-simple.tcl”