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Lecturer:
LinuxDays HS17
Simon Farner FS18, v1.1
Introduction to
Linux
The Alternative
● Digital Sustainability● LinuxDays● Linux User Group● http://www.thealternative.ch● Flyers
Overview
● What is Linux
● Reasons to switch
● Linux Distributions
● Package Manager
● Install Linux
● Where to go now?
● Q&A, hands-on
Applications
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Lecturer:
If computers were cars
If computers were cars
Image sources:Apple: http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/cual-esta-mejor-dibujado-342339/Microsoft: http://www.luigikeynes.com/posts/3615/microsoft-busca-incorporar-a-kinect-y-a-windows-en.html
If PCs were cars
● Linux Kernel (≃ engine)
● Linux-based operating systems (≃ car)
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Licensing: Who owns the rights to Linux?
● Linux is Free Software.● Licensed under GNU GPL v2● Everyone can use/contribute to it● Other Licenses (e.g BSD)● Proprietary:
– Binary Blobs– Third Party Applications
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Who built Linux?
Linus Torvalds [11]
Richard M. Stallman [12]
Lennart Poettering [13] Greg Kroah-Hartman [14]
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[16]
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Mark Shuttleworth [22]
The Community
[18] (figurative)
Lecturer:
Why should I switch?
Why should I switch
GNU/Linux
PowerfulConsistent
Secure
Cost efficient
Support
User respecting
CustomisableVersatile
Lecturer:
Powerful
The Console
● Interactive● Scripting & Automation● Portable● Precise and concise● Shell all the things:
– Git, Browser, Editing, IDE, Audio, Video, Games, Mail, Configuration, Management, Files
Graphical Applications
● LibreOffice, Calligra● Firefox, Vivaldi, Brave● Eclipse, Unity Editor, NetBeans● Qcad, Eagle● GIMP, Krita, Blender, Inkscape● Thunderbird, Kmail● Telegram, Signal, Skype, IRC● VLC, Kodi, Plex● KeePass, LastPass, GPG● And many more …
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Lecturer:
Secure
Secure
● Open Source● Diverse, distributed and independent● No single pressure point● Frequent, system wide Updates● Trustworthy Repositories● Doesn’t spy on you● Low amount of malware● Containers and separation of concern● Encryption and privacy built-in
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Lecturer:
Customisable and Versatile
If I could just change the …
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Desktop Environment (DE): KDE
Desktop Environment (DE): GNOME
https://afaikblog.wordpress.com/2011/02/15/gnome-3-getting-better-by-the-day/
Desktop Environment (DE): XFCE
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce
Most DEs are highly customizable
Customized XFCEhttp://img.bhs4.com/92/9/9299622D33DB68286299DC83957E5981598F0722_lis.jpg
Default XFCEhttp://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/xfce-1-620x387.jpg
Most DEs are highly customizable
Customized KDEhttp://jmtodaro.com/img/shots/kde-ghost.jpg
Default OpenSUSE KDE
Versatile
● Same system and tools on:– Embedded devices– Industrial Equipment– Robotics– Mini Computers– Desktops– Servers & Clouds– Super Computers
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Lecturer:
Cost and Support
Cost● Free of cost & low technical dept
● Commercial Support
● Low system requirements
● Recycle old hardware
● Attractive for:– Education & Research– Government– Consumers– Start-Up– None profit & charity– Cloud
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Support
xinyustudio.files.wordpress.com
www.neat.com
● No useful information provided
icomputerdenver.com
Support
● expensive support:
macrumors.com
Meaningless error messages
E: dpkg was interrupted,you must manually run'dpkg --configure -a'to correct the problem.
sandro@linux-pmcq:~>
● I'd prefer to see something like this:
sandro@linux-gttg:~> chromiumIf 'chromium' is not a typo you can usecommand-not-found to lookup the packagethat contains it, like this: cnf chromium
sandro@linux-gttg:~> cnf chromium The program 'chromium' can be foundin following packages:[...]
Try installing with: sudo zypper install chromium
Broken Package Manager under Ubuntu: Program not installed under OpenSUSE:
Where to get Linux Support
● Distribution driven:– Forums (Arch, Ubuntu, Debian, OpenSuse)– Mailing Lists (and Bug Trackers)– Wikis ( Arch, Ubuntu Users (DE), Debian, OpenSuse )– IRC chat rooms
● Project Driven– Git-Hub
● Community driven– Blogs, Reddit– StackExchange: SuperUser, Unix & Linux, (Server Fault), Software Recommendations,
Ask Ubuntu, Ask Fedora– User Groups: TheAlternative, your local Linux User Group (LUG)– LinuxQuestions.org
Arch Linux is said to have the best Wiki
wiki.archlinux.org
A community that actually cares
● Use Forums to ask questions:
bbs.archlinux.org
10' later
Lecturer:
User respecting
● Package managers:– Automatic installs/updates– No mal-/bloat-/add-ware– Secure (signed binaries)
● No ecosystem lock-in● No spying, no adverts● No constant up-selling● User is assumed to be competent
heise.de
malwaretips.com
Licensing issues
● Most distros are made from Free Software● Just download and install
onebitzero.com
forums.macrumors.com
Lecturer:
Distributions
Linux Distributions
● Linux is just a kernel● Distros are software bundles that make it an OS
http://www.futura-sciences.com/magazines/high-tech/infos/actu/d/pc-bref-linux-41-ameliore-autonomie-pc-portables-puce-intel-58236/
What makes a distribution
● A vision or philosophy● Own branding, marketing, trademark● Funding methods and organization● Legal entity (lawyers if needed)● Developers, maintainers, community staff● Documentation and support● Technical resources:
– Communication– Repositories
Linux Distributions
http://unimauro.blogspot.ch/2010/02/lineas-de-tiempo.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Debian_family_tree_11-06.png
Release and Support Cycles
● Release based– Slower releases– Testing vs. schedule– Better coordination– High risk on upgrade
● Rolling release– Bleeding edge– Many, low risk updates– Never really “finished”
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How to choose a distro
● Ease of use vs. freedom● Stability vs. bleeding edge● Learning about Linux vs. getting stuff done● Package manager, configuration structure, init-system, enterprise support, tea leafs, shoosize, moon phase
● It doesn’t really matter, you will end up distro hopping anyway :-)
Distro overview● Ubuntu
– Large Community
– Gnome
– 2 Releases / Year
– Backed by Canonical
● OpenSuse
– German roots
– Gnome / KDE
– Releases / Rolling
– (Backed by Suse)
● Fedora
– More bleeding edge
– Gnome
– 2 releases / year
– (Backed by RedHat)
● Solus
– Budgie Desktop
– Steam integration
– Very new distro
● Arch
– KISS principal
– Dedicated Community
– Recent software
– Rolling
● Debian
– Very stable
– Gnome
– Linux Granpa
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Lecturer:
Software delivery
The Package Manager
● Downloads and authenticates packages● Installs, removes and updates packages● Resolves dependencies between packages● Takes care of most the configuration● Lets you search available software● Manages different software repositories● Most popular formats: deb, rpm, pac
Software Repository
● Server(s) that let you download software packages● Repo-types: Distro, project, community or private● Software in a repo is:
– Signed (secured against tampering)– Quality tested– Up to Date / patched– Curated by the owner of the repo
How it works together
Drive
Packagemanager
Metadatacache
Repo Server Meta Data
Storage
Maintainer
User
Metadata: Info about the package(s):Maintainer, Version, gpg-keys, size, last update …
Lecturer:
Install Linux
Installing Linux in ten easy steps
1. Make a back up of your data!
2. Pick a Distro
3. Download the ISO
4. Burn to a CD or copy it a USB drive
5. Boot your computer from the CD/USB
6. Configure the installation
7. Start installation
8. Get Coffee
9. Reboot
10. Enjoy your new Linux installation
Tux won't break your existing OS
http://geektrio.net/?p=6075
Installation
● Install Linux alongside Windows or Mac OS X● Choose your OS at every start-up
All to the right: http://ngonoo.com/2012/04/023426/mengaktifkan-windows-7-install-disk-di-os-x/
Seeing your other OS from within Linux
● Looks like data on a USB key● Can manipulate Windows data freely (!)● Systems are completely independent
– There will never be both systemsrunning at the same time
– No speed impact– If one system breaks, it will not affect the
other one
https://openclipart.org/detail/68077/diagramma-a-torta
Lecturer:
What next?
Where to go now?
● To get Linux installed → Install Events● To learn to use the console → Toolkit Course● To get help with your system → Stammtische
Install events FS15
Next events● Wanna install Linux on your laptop?
– Pick one of our install events:● Event 1: 15.03.18 | 17:30-00:00 | ETH Alumni-Pavillon
● Event 2: 16.03.18 | 17:30-00:00 | ETH Alumni-Pavillon
– Do a backup before and bring a charger!!!
● Acquire your skills and learn practical applications● The Linux Toolkit: 19.03.18 | 17:00-19:00 | ETH HG F 7
● Hacker Session: 20.03.18 | 17:00-19:00 | ETH HG F 7
● Power of Linux: 22.03.17 | 17:00-19:00 | ETH HG F 7
● Get advanced knowledge● Bash Workshop 1: 26.03.18 | 17:15-19:00 | ETH HG F 7
● Spotlight Virtualization: 27.03.18 | 17:15-19:00 | ETH HG F 7
Stammtische
● Informal get-togethers● Talk, enjoy a drink and have fun● Ask questions, solve problems, help others● Takes place every 2 weeks (next 29.03 Learning spaces at ETH
CHN)
Stammtisch at Thirstday Beer FS15
Q&A
● Try out our demo computers in this room right now
● Help us getting better by filling out feedback formhttp://www.superpoop.com/index.php?date=082808
linux.thealternative.ch
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Access on 12/03/17
● [2] Crock-Pot, 2017, Crock-Pot . In http://www.crock-pot.com/dw/image/v2/AAMB_PRD/on/demandware.static/-/Sites-master-catalog/default/dw56ab147f/images/highres/SCCPWM600-V1-1.jpg?sw=500&sh=500&sm=fit . Accessed on 12/03/17
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● [5] ZVV, 2017, Ticket machines. http://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/abos-und-tickets/ticketautomat/ticketautomat_01.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/cq5dam.web.2184.1440.jpeg . Accessed on 12/03/17
● [6] Wikipedia, 2017, Google, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google#/media/File:Google_2015_logo.svg . Accessed on 12/03/17
● [7] 20Minuten, 2012, ¿Cual esta mejor dibujado? . http://listas.20minutos.es/lista/cual-esta-mejor-dibujado-342339/ .Accessed on 12/03/17
● [8 ] Luigikeynes, 2012, Microsoft busca incorporar a Kinect y a Windows en los autos. http://www.luigikeynes.com/posts/3615/microsoft-busca-incorporar-a-kinect-y-a-windows-en.html . Accessed on 12/03/17
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