Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture …...ka, so for anata you can replace it for replace it with any of these words that you have learned. And also over here it is given

Introduction to Japanese Language and CultureProf. Vatsala Misra

Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur

Lecture-12Y_binkyoku wa asoko ni arimasu (The post office is over there)

(Refer Slide Time: 00:16)

(FL) everyone and welcome to the class are you already to do Japanese today also, well we did a

lot of things in our previous class. We did past tense of verbs, we did particle day then we also

did the times, span the time period which is (FL) and a lot of assignments I had given you last

time in the previous class, well today before I actually start the class we will review the

assignments. We will just go over the assignments and I will do them right here with you. And

you can check whether you have done them properly or not.


So, well here we are the first assignment that I had given you was match group A with group B

which you have been doing all along from lesson 1, so these are some verbs here in the left side

in the left column, column A and meanings of these verbs in column B you also have verbs in

present tense in past tense and in negative. So please properly try to do them and repeat after me

as well.

Ikimasu are the answer is go, kaerimasen not return, arukimasu walk, benkyo-shimasen not

study, nemasu sleep, kimasu come, shimasen not do, mimashita saw or watched, yomimasu read,

nomimasen not drink, kikimashita asked or listened, kaimasu buy, okimasu to get up in the

morning after a long sleep or wakeup as it is generally said, asobimahita played. So, well you

have the verbs in the present, negative and the past forms and the word meanings over here.

So you can just check your answers, also kimasu over here as I had explain to you in your

previous classes as well. Kimasu is used to when you are at a point, at a place and you come over

there that time ikimasu is not used kimasu is used kikimasu again over here kikimashita means to

listen and also to ask.


Well the next exercise is you have a lot of pictures here and we would like to know what they are

doing in the picture, it is very clear you know the verbs all you have to do is to tell it in Japanese.

So, well the words or the verbs are the first one is nemasu, asobimasu, benkyo shimasu, shigoto

shimasu, you could also say (FL) any of these could be used over here. In a similar manner for

asobimasu here you could also say (FL) then we have arukimasu to walk yasumimasu is to relax

is to take a break is to take a vacation as well.

So, over here he is relaxing with his eyes closed, so it is yasumimasu then of course you can see

over here he is eating, so tabemasu and what are these people doing over here all together on a

sheet under a tree (FL) and then ikimasu.


Well the next exercise is again you have to look at the pictures and tell verbs in past tense write

verbs in past tense. So, please in the last exercise we do it masu form which is present tense over

here we will do is past tense of verbs. The first one is kino gozen (FL) ni okimashita so well with

past tense of verbs you will use time expressions which are in past. So, please remember that

kino means yesterday kino means gozen ro (FL) ni okimashtha. So, working in office over here

(FL) over here gogo (FL).

Now we have someone drinking tea or coffee, so well (FL) and then a general statement (FL)

another general statement (FL), so these are some time expressions there are lot of time

expressions that you have already covered, so you could use any of those for example (FL)

which is today morning (FL) is your breakfast, breakfast o (FL), so you can use any of these time

expressions over here and change your sentence using proper past tense of verbs.


Well this one very simple over here practice with your partner and ask what they do at this time,

the basic exercise over here is for you to speak the verbs that you have done out a loud practice

them with time in past in present and in negative forms all of it. So, please over here you have

the time listed from morning to night you could ask your friend what they do if they go to school

well you are exercise can be according to school, according to homework, what time they have

lunch what time they will return.

And what time they go play what time they study in the evening have food in the evening and

then sleep or if you are asking your colleague from morning to night what he does, well it could

be what time he get off what time he goes to office what time he has his lunch over there, again

what time tea in the afternoon gets back home in the evening watches TV and then goes to sleep,

so all of it you can do you can use the verbs according to whom you are asking.

There are some of them listed over here you can see those and do it at home with your partner.

So, now I hope all the exercises were done at home properly and most it was alright. Now I have

a small radio conversation for you well listen to the conversation and then let us see how much

you have understood.



So, well you heard the conversation just now and I will just go over the conversation right here

with you. So, or you have told you have told your name you have told about your your hobbies,

your subject, what you want to do, all those things but you have not told about your birthday. So,

well today we will talk about your birthday, how to tell people when your birthday is. So this

conversation is between 2 people again over here and they just talking it is a simple normal daily

conversation A and B.

So, ashita wa imoto san no tanjobi desu ne, so desu, tanaka san no tanjobi wa itsu desu ka.

Watashi no tanjobi wa ni-gatsu no ju-ichi-nichi desu, Aa, watashi no tanjobi mo ni-gatsu desu.l

Nan nichi desu ka, hatsuka desu. So all these words you have already covered we have already

done, a new word over here is tanjobi which is birthday, so how do you tell about your birthday.


Well this is the explanation in English, translation in English, anyway you stuck with your

dialogue in woman you can look this out.


And of course this is again in the script and you see lot of new kanji characters and hiragana, so

you can practice that get use to kanji characters now.


Well before that I want you to do something which is important for this and that is u need to

know your months. So, we have January, February till December it is very simple Japanese.


It is numbers ichi, ni, san, shi, go, roku, shichi, hachi, kyu, ju and ju ichi okay. So, after this you

just need to put gatsu count of a month is gatsu, so you can go like this ichi gatsu January, ni

gatsu February, san gatsu- March, shi gatsu and it is not you gatsu or yo gatsu which is april, go

gatsu which is May, roku gatsu which is June and again and exceptional over here shichi gatsu

which is july and not nana gatsu over here shi gatsu July hachi gatsu August, kyu gatsu

September, ju gatsu October, ju ichi gatsu November.

And ju ni gatsu which is not region over here when I write it over here it is not in serial but well I

am sure you will understand ju-ni gatsu is December. So, it is very simple in Japanese you just

need to put the numbers over here and gatsu that will give you the month equivalent would be

January, February till December. So, please just repeat it after me once and you will get it right

before we do this exercise.


Ichi-gatsu, ni-gatsu, san-gatsu, shi-gatsu, go-gatsu, roku-gatsu, shichi-gatsu, hachi-gatsu, ku-

gatsu, jo-gatsu, jo-ichi-gatsu and in the end we have jo-ni-gatsu, so these are the 12 months

which are very simple mark by gatsu.


Ni-gatsu, ichi-gatsu means January, February and getsu means month, so please remember that is

different, both are the character is this getsu or gatsu 2 readings for the same character, this

means January, February and getsu itself means month.


So, now we go back to our exercise over here anata no tanjobi wa itsu desu ka you know the

word anata tanjobi is new I just told you birthday wa itsu means when desu ka, ju-gatsu we did

just now ju-gatsu is October, ju-gatsu no ju-go-nichi desu the niche part you have done your

previous lessons, so well jo-go-nichi is the fifteenth ju-go-nichi ju-gatsu desu. So fifteenth of

fifteenth of October is what it means over here.


So, we have anatano tanjobi wa itshu desu ka. So you can have over here otosan tanjobi wa itshu

desu ka okasan no tanjobi wa itshu desu ka, sensei no tanjobi wa itshu desu ka, tomadeshi no

tanjobi wa itshu desu ka and as in the exercise over here imotu imotu no tanjobi wa itshu desu

ka, so for anata you can replace it for replace it with any of these words that you have learned.

And also over here it is given ichi-gatsu tsuitachi, san-gatsu mikka, go-gatsu ni-ju-go-nichi,

hachi-gatsu futsuka, so you have done all these you have done anata no tanjobi wa itshu desu ka,

itshu means when, so you have to write the month and then you have to write the date, so month

you can write with you have done itchi-gatsu itchi, ni, go, hachi gatsu and then date you have

done already so it could be tsyitachi or ju go-nichi or any date you want to put over here and this.

So now you can practice very easily otasan no tanjobi wa itchi gatsu tsuitachi desu, okasa no

tanjobi wa hatchi gatsu ju go niche desu, so you can practice like this with your partner, also you

can ask anatano no tanjobi wa ichi gatsu tsuitachi desu ka, you can question of this as well.

Instead of itsu you can put the date and then put ka over there. So, well you can practice with

your partner you can practice dates like this, you can practice months like this, you can practice

all the vocabulary that we have done earlier and do your conversation.


Well now in our previous lesson, in our last lesson we did koko, soko, asoko and doko are place

if you remember koko means here, doko means there, asoko means over there and doko means it

is a question wor interrogative word meaning where, so well today we will do exactly this but in

different manner we did hon wa soko desu, so it just says hon wa soko desu, hon wa doko desu

ka hon wa soko desu, hon wa doko desu ka hon wa asoko desu.


Now over here you will see something is written yubinkyoku wa asoko ni arimasu, so there is

this particle ni there is wa there is arimasu. Arimasu is a verb as you can see from mass form

over here it is a complete verb and what does it show. It shows existence of an object, of an

inanimate object, inanimate thing at the certain place and how is that done well noun 1 wa place

ni arimasu. This shows this some noun is at a certain place.

Now this is a pattern noun 1 wa place ni arimasu this particle ni you have done in your previous

lesson with time if you remember (FL) so over here this has a different use different usage over

here noun 1 wa, place ni arimasu shows existence of something at a certain place presence of

something at a certain place. So, let us see how it is done.


You have this small radio conversation please listen to it carefully and then I will try to explain it

to you (FL).


Now did you understand what it said well rao son said summimasen, yubinkyoku wa doko desu

ka, asoko ni arimasu, ano, hana-ya no tonari ni arimasu ka, iie, sore wa grinko desu. Yubinkyoku

wa ginko no tonari desu, arigato gozaimasu, so summimasen you already know all of you what it

means yubinkyoku is post office wa doko desu ka doko is a question word interrogative word

which you already know.

Asoko ni arimasu asoko is over there is present over there at that point, ano, han-ya no tonari ni

arimasu ka is it over there next to the flower shop no iie that is a bank sore wa grinko desu

yubinkyoku wa post office wa grinko no tonari desu it is next to the grinko and arigato

gozaimasu as very informal conversation, informal situation maybe on the road maybe just

informally you talk someone and you just ask excuse me.

So, well you could leave it at arigato you could also say arigato gozaimasu the whole thing thank

you very much or just arigato which is thanks. So, now I will explain all of it in detail you just

have a general idea here is to what the conversation was about.


This is in Japanese in the script with kanji and hiragana today and there is no katakana of course

there is katakana here for names within the conversation we do not have a formal word. So, there

is no katakana. So kanji and hiragana you will see I written together simultaneously and of

course we give space in between words because it is easy for us to understand and that English

equivalent is here for you explanation is here.



So, now we go to our practice which is what we have to do, now the practice is yubinkyoku wa

as you can see yubinkyoku wa doko desu ka and in the conversation we had asoko ni arimasu.

So, now what you can do is very simply you can replace yubinkyoku with other words that you

have done.


Ybinkyoku wa doko desu ka, so simple this is a question you can replace you have Ybinkyoku

with ginko, ginko wa doko desu ka, gakko. Gakko wa doko desu ka, hon-ya, hon-ya wa doko

desu ka, gakko you know it is a school, ginko is a bank and hon-ya is a book-shop. So, well you

can ask where are these things placed where are they where is the ginko where is the gakko

where is the hon-ya.

And what will your answer the in simple words it will be either asoko or soko those are the only

two things you can say that is already we have done. So well we do something new today over

here ginko wa with reference to noun 2 where is it placed ni arimasu ginko wa noun 2 no mae ni

arimasu, ni arimasu you just done ni arimasu means it is present at that point.

So, where is ginko present if you just point at ginko in a very very in a very busy place or in a

area which has a lot of buildings how will you explain where exactly ginko is, so well ginko wa

(FL) is the flower shop, floweriest (FL) no mae ni arimasu ginko is in front of the (FL) shop in

front of the flower shop. Ginko wa doko desu ka ginko wa (FL) again hanaya, honya, shukdho,

gatko, kaea any of these hanaya is your flower shop.

Honya is stationary shop or book store, shokudo is your dining hall, canteen, gatko school, kaen

is park. So, gino wa kaen no maen ni arimasu, ginko wa gatko no maeu ni arimasu, ginko wa

honya no maeu ni arimasu, so well instead of just might which means in front you can have other

locational words like this they are called locational nouns in Japanese and you could have those

no maeu ni, no maeu then no naka, no shita, no we, no ushhedo and ni arimasu.

So, ginko wa noun 2 no maeu ni arimasu, ginko wa noun 2 no shatin ina arimasu shtat means

below or under na ka means inside no we means on top ushero means behind and mi means

front, well there are others as well we have them for you listed here in this lesson you can go

through those and you can ask and answer these questions. Now over here just see look at this

over here I will ask you and you let me know what it is.


(FL) which is a dictionary wa doko desu ka, now if I ask you the position object show where it is

placed where would you say it is well it is on top of the table, so that (FL) is on top of the table

(FL) is that okay (FL) this (FL) over here wa (FL) this (FL) over here (FL) wa (FL) mi ni

arimasu, so that is how you would show position of a certain object or thing for example a very

simple 1 I have a chalk here in my hand.

So, well (FL) wa (FL) like this (FL) which means below or under (FL) this is from my side (FL)

arimasu (FL) in a similar manner (FL) this is the blackboard, so blackboard wa (FL) it is behind

me, so this is how you could practice, well now let me see if you got it right. So this is a pen now

tell me pen wa doko desu ka


Let me see if you got it right pen wa doko desu ka (FL) well what about these things over here,

look at this and tell me where it is.


(FL) that is right (FL) so well you can practice like this, so things where they are and then you

can ask your partner where these things are located and placed it is right here for you.



Yubinkyoku wa doko desu ka and you can replace Yubinkyoku with whatever is given over here

and practice.


Well now I have already explained this to you arimasu is a verb which shows existence of small

things, things of irregular shape and size at a certain point or place and as it is given over here

terebi wa asoko ni arimasu terebi is over there ringo no ki wa soko ni arimasu the apple tree is

over there or there. So, you can just go through this.


Now we just did some locational nouns and the fact is over here is kuruma wa doko desu ka,

kuruma wa genkan no mae ni arimasu.


So, the pattern is noun 1 wa noun 2 no ve shita, naka, mae, ushiro mi arimasu and if you want to

ask a question well ka can be used over here or doko can be used. So, whichever you can

practice this over here that is exactly how it is given kurma wa doko desu ka kuruma wa genkan

no mae ni arimasu genkan is a gate, gankan no mae ni arimasu jithensha wa doko desu ka

jitensha wa genkan no mei ni arimasu.

Omacha wa doko desu ka, omocha wa gaikan no mae ni arimasu, isu wa gaikan no mae ni

arimasu, ho wa gaikan no mae ni arimasu, so like this you can practice of course over here with

some of these omocha isu and hon genkan does not work.


So, you have all the others kuruma no soba, heya no naka, erebata no mae erebeta is elevator,

hondana no ue hondana is a book shelf, hon-ya no tonari hon-ya is a book store (FL) is stairs and

soba is nearby, so there are some words over here some new words some old words which you

have done you can practice as I have told you just now. Now we have a small practice exercise

for you.


Here you have tp practice with your partner look at the picture and practice saying where the

things are well the first picture is you can see 2 people and the gentleman over here is it is

pointing at something it is look like a hospital over there. So, well what is he have to say this

byoin wa asoko ni arimasu, last time we had done byoin wa asoko this now over here exact

location of the byoin is the byoin is over there.

So, well the next picture is you have this gentleman here and he is thinking of scissors which is

(FL) and he wants to ask where is the (FL) well hasami wa doko desu ka, hasami wa kami no

shita ni arimasu, kami is paper kami no shita ni arimasu under the kami, so you have another

picture you have some pens on the table well pen wa doko sesu ka or pen wa doko ni arimasu ka

and the answer is pen wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu, so well you can practice like this.


Now you have 2 people here in the picture a gentleman and a lady well they are they are talking

about something and he is pointing at this object over here something over here well what is it

what is the question the lady asks kaban wa doko desu ka, now doko you have done you

remember interrogative word doko which means where doko desu ka and he says kaban wa

asoko desu the kaban is over there or kaban wa asoko ni arimasu, or kaban wa tsukue no ue ni

arimasu.

So, any of these answers you can give to be more specific you can say kaban wa tsukue no ue ni

arimasu, this is practice again and again for arimasu which is very very important because it is a

proper verb and desu as I told you earlier is not a complete verb and we cannot continue using

this instead of arimasu, arimasu has to exactly where a place where a thing is placed all located,

so get used to arimasu.


Well there is this picture over here this practice again for arimasu you have pencil, you have

kaban (FL) here in the room and someone can ask you can ask your partner and partner can

answer or your partner can ask you and you can answer over here pen wa doko desu ka directly

at the pen pen wa doko desu ka pen wa doko ni arimasu ka can also be used, pen wa tsukue no ue

ni arimasu, then we are pointing at the chair which is Isu.

Isu wa tsukue no ushiro ni arimasu I am repeating this again and again for you, so that you get

used to arimasu you get used to listening to arimasu you get used to using arimasu instead of this

of course it is not that desu is not going to used after this it is going to be used as you can see

over here pen wa doko desu ka but ni arimasu is definitely going to be used more. So, please get

used to this (FL).

Over here a book hon, hon wa doko desu ka hon wa kaban no naka ni arimasu, kaban wa doko

desu ka kaban wa isu no ue ni arimasu and then we have our table tsukue wa doko desu ka (FL)

doko desu ka well tsukue wa mado mado is a window mado no soba ni arimasu this word soba,

soba is new.


Soba soba means nearby for example you have these 2 things over here.


And you can ask (FL) doko desu ka (FL) pen no (FL) ni arimasu it is close by with reference to

the table. This table is small, so anything soba will be over here close by (FL) pen no (FL) ni

arimasu (FL) it is little far away from here, so with reference to the table this is a little far you

can have this soba, soba is over here close by.


Now we have well there is a small radio conversation listen to this one and see how much you

can understand (FL).


You heard the conversation just now, let us see what you understood from there, practice this and

let me see.


Pointing at the cake ke-ki wa doko ni arimasu ka, so can you give me the answer ke-ki wa doko

ni arimasu ka (FL) ke-ki wa teburu no ue ni arimasu teburu is also used which is table in English

and (FL) in Japanese. So, you can either use (FL) or you can use teburu ke-ki wa teburu no ue ni

arimasu now let us see what they want to know about next well rousoku, rousoku is candles

rosouku wa doko desu ka rosoku wa keki no ue ni arimasu.

Rousoku wa doko desu ka rousoku wa keki no ue ni arimasu or as is given oven here rousoku wa

keki no ue ni arimasu ka hai, rousoku wa keki no ue ni arimasu. Then we have we have these 2

glasses over here and let us see koppu wa doko desu ka koppu koppu wa doko desu ka well can

you tell me where the cups are will you try koppu wa (FL) ue ni arimasu.


Now listen to this small radio conversation (FL).


Well this tells you about numbers how many things are present in a certain thing or some place.

Anoo, basuketo no naka ni ringo wa ikutsu arimasu ka, muttsu arimasu, sono basuketto mo

muttsu ringo arimasu ka, iie, kono basuketto ni itsutsu arimasu. So, well ikutsu we did last time

also itkutsu means how many, so you count irregular thing irregular shaped things in (FL) you

count them.


So, well we will practice this first and then I will ask you. So, this series of counters is used to

count small objects from 1 to 10. The other counter that you did for small objects was ko.


If you remember ik-ko ni-ko, san-ko, so this is also use this is very very informal this counting

method is also used for irregular objects but from 1 till 10 if you ask kutsu ka kustu question

word ikusttu desu ka then from 1 till 10.


It is hitotsu, futasu, mittussu, yoltsu, itsushu, muttusu, nanatsu, yatsu, koko koko notsu and to to

or (FL) and after that you have ju-ikko as you did in the ko series ju-ikko, ju-nikko (FL). So,

please (FL) is only from 1 till 10 and after that you have to take ko but with ko you can start with

ikko also 1 onwards you can start with (FL) it is only till 10. So, now as you heard in the

conversation.


You can try doing this hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu, yotsu, itsutsu, muttsu, nanatsu, yatsu, kokonotsu,

tou till 10 you can count ju-ik-ko and ikutsu, ikutsu is the interrogative word how many. So, you

can do this later on at home.


Quickly we will practice this over here, practice counting objects how will you count. So, the

objects are given you have a small rubber and egg or a potato, small glasses or cups things like

apple, oranges, lemons, fruits generally then small bottles can be counted but long bottles cannot

be counted eatables like doughnuts or cakes or small round pastries can be counted like this. So,

ringo wa ikutsu arimasu ka you can look at this.

And ask ringo wa ikutsu arimasu ka, mittsu arimasu 1, 2 and 3 mittsu arimasu. So, you have this

over here hitotsu, futatsu, yottsu, itsutsu and ikutsu. So, you can ask (FL) of course this is not

(FL) this is ringo, so well you could replace it with (FL) and say futatsu arimasu and you can

practice like this with your partner ikutsu arimasu ka hitotsu arimasu or (FL) arimasu, ringo

ikutsu arimasu ka, yottsu arimasu or (FL) arimasu ka. So, you can use both for counting small

irregular shaped objects.


Now we have been doing kanji all along these kanji characters.


These Chinese pictograms we have been doing and we have done quite a few characters today

some very simple ones because we have done these locational nouns.


So, a couple of those for you we have ue, ue means on top or above now how has it come into be

it is very simple the Chinese would show ue as some something a dot like this on something on

the fround. So, later on it chage to ue like this it is a 3 stroke character horizontal first, vertical

later and then like this. So, this means ue means on top or above anytime you look at this

character well it means something is on top.


So, you have it here for you ue over here, ue means upper/above or on top a 3 stroke character

then you have another one this is another word that you have done today which is shita.


Shita meaning under or below now how is that coming to being well underground like this a dot

over here which was later made into this character which you can see on your screen a straight

line.


As it is given over here, a vertical line and then like this, so it is like this ue is like this, so please

try to remember this and please one thing important over here is that you have to remember the

stroke order.


The stroke order of a character it is extremely important otherwise it is difficult to go to the next

character when we start doing some complicated characters we start writing in Japanese then you

have to see that the stroke order is done properly, it is written properly, well this is also a 3 stroke

characters you saw just now.


Well the third one over here is naka which you have already done this is a 4 stroke character to

be made like this 1, 2, 3, and 4 which means inside or passing through and this is from this is

actually a board and something is passing through the board is how the character has come into

b. So, well a quick revision over here we have ue (FL) and naka for you 3 characters that we did

just now.


Now we have with these characters noboru and the meanings I given here in black in the end

noboru, gesui, oriru, oririu is to come down from a staircase or get off a bus or a train. Chugoku

is of course china ichi-nichi-ju all day long, Nippon-ju is all over Japan and kawakami is a name.

so, these are some words how they are used in daily conversation.


Well these are this is vocabulary which these words we have done these are all locational nouns

which we just covered in this lesson. Ushiro, naka, mae, shita, ue, toanri, soba, yoko, soto, and

all the others also there are lots of them so all others also will do them on and off in our next

classes for the time being these you can remember.



So, now well your time has come you have to work at home look at this picture over here on

your screen and tell me where all these thing listed are located in this picture well all the pictures

are for you here, so many of them you can just tell me where they are located.


Then you can practice your numbers here what we did with (FL) how many are present over here

in each picture.


Also you can ask look at the picture ask how many are there and answer, so all of it is given you

can ask and you can answer.


Then as we have been doing match words over here listed in group 1 with words listed in group

B.


And then there are some pictures for you here write the words given below in (FL), so see we

also have to practice how to write in (FL) and kanji so we will start with (FL) and then slowly

also do kanji later. Look at the pictures and see what they are.


Then all the kanji characters that we have done in our previous lessons well they all look very

similar. So, try to give the readings for the kanji characters over here, so please try to do that and

with that I think I will finish today you have a lot of work to do at home lot of things to

remember in memorize, so well we will finish here and meet again tomorrow.


So, (FL) mata aimashoo.


Arigatou gozaimasu.

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Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture …...ka, so for anata you can replace it for replace it with any of these words that you have learned. And also over here it is given