INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

DAT10503

Introduction

LECTURER: PUAN ROSFUZAH ROSLANROOM NO: A-004-04OFFICE TELEPHONE NO: 07-4538269H/P NO: 016-7256485E-MAIL: rosfuzah@uthm.edu.my

MODULE – compulsory!RM16.00

HOW DO YOU FEEL TODAY?

Rules for Class Attendance:Legitimate excuses for missing class

– I was injured and was taken to the hospital (and here is the note from the doctor/paramedic/ambulance driver)

– I was sick (and here is the note from the Dean/doctor) – I am on the verge of a nervous breakdown (and here is the note

from the Dean/licensed mental health care professional) – I play competitive sports and will be away that day for a match

(and here is a note from UTHM sports administration)– My dorm room flooded/burned down/fell over in an earthquake

(and here is the notice from the newspaper/the Dean/the Fire Marshal/the Army Corps of Engineers)

– A close relative was very sick/injured/dying/dead so I had to fly out of town (and here is the notice from my family/the Dean/the hospital/the funeral home)

Dress Code

Test your understanding

• What is a computer?• Give the definition of data, information

and information technology.

Objectives

• Define the term data, information & IT• Explain the information processing cycle• Distinguish between input, output, system

unit, storage & communication device• Explain on the revolution of computer &

programming language• Categorize different types of computer

– Electronic device that accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results and store the results for future use.

What is a Computer?

Definition

Data - Collection of unprocessed itemsInformation - Processed dataInformation Technology - Methods & techniques used in information handling and retrieval by automatic means

Data, Process & Information

Information Processing Cycle

Components of a Computer

–Input devices–Output devices–System unit–Storage devices–Communication device

Video – Parts of a Personal Computer (PC)

Input Devices• Any hardware that allows you to enter data &

instructions

Output Devices

• Any hardware that conveys information to one or more people

System Unit

• A case that contains electronic components used to process data.

• Two main components on motherboard:– Processor– Memory

Storage Devices

• Holds data, instructions & information for future use.

Communication Device

• Hardware component that enables a computer to send & receive data, instructions & information.

MOdulator DEModulatorA modem is a communications device that can be either internal or external to your computer. It allows one computer to connect another computer and transfer data over telephone lines

Advantages of Using Computers

• Speed – process billions or trillions operations in a single second

• Reliability – rarely break or fail• Consistency – GIGO (Garbage In Garbage Out)• Storage – store data for future use• Communications – communicate with other

computers, often wirelessly

Disadvantages of Using Computer• Violation of privacy – personal & confidential records

were not protected• Public safety – do not share information that would

allow others to identify & locate you• Labor force – companies outsource jobs to foreign

countries• Health risks – prolonged or improper computer use

will cause injuries (hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck)• Environment – computers discarded in landfills,

release toxic materials

Revolution of Computer• Abacus

– Used for +, -, *, /

• Al-Khasi Calculating Machine– Used to calculate lunar eclipse, the longitude of

moon, sun & planet.

• Pascal Calculating Machine– Blaise Pascal

Revolution of Computer

• Leibnitz Calculating Machine– Can be used to perform * and /

• Babbage Analytical Machine– Introduced by Babbage – Cannot be completed

Revolution of Computer

• Hollerith Punch Machine– Created by Dr Herman Hollerith– Used to process the census in US

Computer Programming Language• A programming language is a formal language designed to

communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.

• Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.

Revolution of Programming Language

• Two types:– Low level language

• Machine language• Assembly language

– High level language• Procedural language• 4GL

Swap: lw $t0, 0($a0) # t0 gets num1 lw $t1, 0($a1) # t1 gets num2

sw $t0, 0($a1) # num2 gets t0 sw $t1, 0($a0) # num1 gets t1

jr $ra

0010 1010 0001 11010011 1100 1010 11110101 0110 1101 01011101 1111 0010 1001

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {printf(“Welcome to Intro to IT Class");return 0; }SELECT customer_state,

COUNT(customer_id) As totalFROM customersGROUP BY customer_stateHAVING COUNT(customer_id) > 5

Categories of Computers

• Personal computer

• Mobile computer & mobile devices

• Game consoles

Categories of Computers

• Servers-responds to requests across a computer network to provide, or help

to provide, a network service. Servers can be run on a dedicated computer, which is also often referred to as "the server", but many networked

computers are capable of hosting servers.

• Mainframes-Mainframes are designed to handle very

high volume input and output (I/O) and emphasize throughput computing.Computers used primarily by corporate and governmental organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics,

enterprise resource planning, and transaction processing.

Categories of Computers

• Supercomputers• Supercomputers are often purpose-built for one or a very few specific institutional tasks (E.g. Simulation and Modeling).

• Embedded computers

THE END