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Introduction to Information and Computer Science. The Future of Computing. Lecture b. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
The Future of Computing
Lecture b
This material (Comp4_Unit10b) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.
The Future of ComputingIntroduction – Lecture b
• Describe the latest advances in technology (Lecture a, b)
• Discuss the implications of advances in technology for healthcare systems, including potential risks (Lecture a, b)
2Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b
Cloud Computing
"Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.“ (NIST, 2011)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b3
Distributed Computing
• Sharing the processing workload between connected computer systems
• SETI@home – examines radio telescope data for signs of
intelligence using computers connected over the Internet
– volunteer computing resources
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b4
Cloud Computing Characteristics
• On-demand self-service• Broad network access• Resource pooling• Rapid elasticity• Measured service
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b5
Cloud Computing Service Models
• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b6
Deployment Models
• Private cloud• Community cloud• Public cloud• Hybrid cloud
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b7
Virtualization
• Multiple virtual computer systems running on a single physical system
• Component of cloud computing• Not a new idea; IBM’s Virtual Machine
Facility/370 released in 1972• Each user appeared to have a dedicated system
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b8
Hypervisor
• Virtual systems do not have to be the same operating system or instruction set as the physical hardware
• Virtual systems are managed on the physical system by a hypervisor
• The hypervisor emulates the instruction set of the virtual hardware
• Available through open-source software and commercial vendors
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b9
Cloud Computing Issues
• Access• Security
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b10
Social Implications
• Computers have changed the way people communicate– E-mail– Instant messaging– VoIP– Video– SMS– Social networks– Local based services
• Personal health records• Privacy
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b11
• Most individuals in the United States now have an e-mail address
• Initially limited to text• Multi-media capabilities added• Easy to “spoof” sender address• 90% of all e-mail is estimated to be spam• Rejected by ISPs or mail servers
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b12
Instant Messaging
• Initially used to communicate to computer mainframe operators
• Could communicate between users on same system
• Can now be used to send text between users over global Internet
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b13
Video and Voice-Over IP
• Makes calls over the internet to another VoIP phone
• VoIP only phones available from commercial vendors
• Soft phones available which use computer microphone and speakers
• Commercial voice and video services, often at no cost to users
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b14
Short Message Service
• Text messaging– Shorthand language– Emoticons
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b15
Social Networks
• SixDegrees (1997)• Friendster (2002)• LinkedIn, MySpace (2003)• Facebook, Twitter (2006)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b16
Location Based Services
• GPS in many mobile devices• Can identify local services• Can also provide information on an individual’s
location to others• Extends to social networking services
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b17
Personal Health Records
• May be stored on a personal computer• May be on personal storage device• Moving towards web-based services
– Microsoft HealthVault
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b18
Privacy
• Increasing on-line presence• Increases in customized content delivery• Individual reputation over time• The internet is forever• Privacy of medical records
– HHS breach list
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b19
Ubiquitous Computing
Computers have become portable• Laptops since the 1990s• Netbooks since the early 2000s• Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
Computers are everywhere• Cars• TVs• Home appliancesHealth IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b20
Personal Area Networks (PANs)
• Bluetooth• Wireless connection• 1 to 100 meter range connection radius• Used for mice, keyboards, headsets, etc.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b21
Implications For Healthcare
• Telemedicine– Brings the doctor to the patient– Uses
• Internet • Integrated audio and video capabilities
• Clinical decision support• Elder care monitoring• Individualized health care
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b22
Risks of Technology in Healthcare
• Side effects of using new technology – example: radiology
• Potential for more false positive test results• Higher healthcare costs• Intended and unintended consequences of
technology implementations
23Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b
The Future of ComputingSummary – Lecture b
• Cloud computing• Social implications• Ubiquitous computing• Affect on healthcare systems
24Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b
The Future of ComputingSummary
• Decrease in system size and increase in system performance
• Increasing options for system control• Movement to network applications• Changes in our society• Pervasiveness of computer technology• Futures:
– Wearable systems?– Elimination of the keyboard?– Societal changes?– Changes in home health care?
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
25
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b
Future of ComputingReferences – Lecture b
References• AHIMA (2012). “Choose a PHR”. http://www.myphr.com/resources/choose.aspx. Retrieved January 2012, from
AHIMA website: http://www.ahima.org/. • Alfonsi, Sharyn and Hutchison, Courtney. More Americans Using High-Tech Medicine, CDC Finds. (2010
February 17). Retrieved Jan 2012 from the ABC News website: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Wellness/technology-medicine/story?id=9864930#.Tx-xgYGwVmp.
• Boyd, D. M. and Ellison, N. B. (2008), Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13: 210–230. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
• Bulling, Andreas; Gellersen, Hans (Oct.-Dec. 2010). Toward Mobile Eye-Based Human-Computer Interaction, Pervasive Computing, IEEE , vol.9, no.4, pp.8-12, doi: 10.1109/MPRV.2010.86.Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5586690&isnumber=5586685.
• Chapman, C.; Emmerich, W.; Marquez, F.G.; Clayman, S.; Galis, A.. (2011, April). The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Elastic Service Definition in Computational Clouds, 327 -334. Network Operations and Management Symposium Workshops (NOMS Wksps), 2010 IEEE/IFIP. doi:10.1109/NOMSW.2010.5486555. Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5486555&isnumber=5486527.
• Crocker, D. (1982, August 13). STANDARD FOR THE FORMAT OF ARPA INTERNET TEXT MESSAGES ( RFC # 822). Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Delaware. Retrieved Jan 2012 from RFC Editor website: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc822.txt.
• Faust O, Shetty R, Sree SV, Acharya S, Acharya U R, Ng EY, Poo CK, Suri J., Towards the Systematic Development of Medical Networking Technology. (2010, January 6). J Med Syst.
• Fusco, SJ: Michael, K.; Michael, MG. "Exploring the Social Implications of Location Based Social Networking: An inquiry into the perceived positive and negative impacts of using LBSN between friends" 9th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Business. Ed. George Giaglis. Athens, Greece: IEEE, 2010.
26Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b
Future of ComputingReferences – Lecture b (continued)
References• General Motors (September 2010). OnStar Relaunches Its Brand with Focus on “Responsible Connectivity”.
Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://media.gm.com/content/media/us/en/onstar/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2010/Sept/0915_onstar.
• Goozner, Merrill. Rise of the Machine. (2010 February 11). Retrieved Jan 2012 from the Fiscal Times website: http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2010/02/11/Rise-Of-The-Machines.aspx#page1.
• Gum, P. H. 1983. System/370 extended architecture: facilities for virtual machines. IBM J. Res. Dev. 27, 6 (Nov. 1983), 530-544. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.276.0530.
• Han, Y. Y., Carcillo JA, Venkataraman ST, Clark RS, Watson RS, Nguyen TC, Bayir H, Orr RA (2005, December). Unexpected Increased Mortality After Implementation of a Commercially Sold Computerized Physician Order Entry System. Pediatrics, 116(6):1506-12. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1287.
• IBM Systems and Technology (February 2011). Watson--A System Designed for Answers. Retrieved Jan 2012 from the IBM Corporation website: http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/pow03061usen/POW03061USEN.PDF.
• International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) (2012). Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://www.cesweb.org/. • International Telecommunication Union (ITC) (2010). Measuring the Information Society Retrieved Jan 2012 from:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/Material/MIS_2010_Summary_E.pdf. • Lee, J. (2009, January 19). Is That an Emoticon in 1862? The New York Times. Retrieved from
http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com• Microsoft HealthVault (nd.). http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/healthvault/, accessed Jan 2012.• Miriam Webster Dictionary (2012, nd.). Definition of Ubiquitous. Retrieved Jan 2012 from:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ubiquitous.• Neo, R. L. and Skoric, M. M. (2009), Problematic Instant Messaging Use. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 14: 627–657. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01456.x.
27Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b
Future of ComputingReferences – Lecture b (continued)
References• NIST: Mell; Grance. (2011, September). The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: Recommendations of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST Institute of Standards and Technology: US Dept. of Commerce, SP 800(145), 2. Retrieved Jan 2012 from http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html#800-145.
• Oikarinen, J.; Reed, D. (1993 May) UNIX For Beginners, Bell Laboratories internal memorandum. Internet Relay Chat Protocol, RFC 1459. Retrieved Jan 2012 from RFC Editor website: http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1459.txt.
• Pavel, M.; Hayes, T.L.; Adami, A.; Jimison, H.; Kaye, J. (2006, August 30). Unobtrusive Assessment of Mobility. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 6277-6280. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2006.260301. Retrieved Jan 2012 from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4463244&isnumber=4461641.
• Rodrigues, J. P.; Oliveira, M.; Vaidya, B. (2010). New Trends on Ubiquitous Mobile Multimedia Applications. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2010, doi:10.1155/2010/689517
• SETI@home (nd). http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/index.php. Retrieved January 2012, from University of California, Berkeley website: http://www.berkeley.edu.
• Simon, Stephanie (2011 March 28). Medicine on the Move: Mobile devices help improve treatment. Retrieved Jan 2012 from the Wall Street Journal website: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703559604576174842490398186.html.
• The New Scientist, (2010, February 24). 205(2749), 44-45.• nest / Welcome Home. (2012). Retrieved January 2012, from nest website: http://www.nest.com. • US Department of Health and Human Services (2012). Breaches Affecting 500 or More Individuals.• http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/breachnotificationrule/breachtool.html . Retrieved January
2012, from US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) website: http://www.hhs.gov.
28Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science The Future of Computing
Lecture b