Upload
emad-manni
View
256
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
1/27
Introduction to ImmunologyMr. Faisal Minshawi
Bachelor of Science degree in Laboratory MedicineTeaching assistant in Immunology2009
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
2/27
An introduction to immunologyAim: A very general introduction toimmunology. Explain how molecular
interactions are essential for the immunesystem.Why: Several articles in this seminar dealswith interaction between molecules in theimmune system.Some extra motivation why studies of biomolecular interactions are important.
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
3/27
O utline of the talk
Definition of ImmunologyInnate and adaptive immunity
Humoral and cellular responses B and Tcells (specific interactions)Cancer
HIV/AIDSSerology test
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
4/27
Immunology
Immunology is the study of our protection fromforeign macromolecules or invading organismsand our responses to them.Host e.g. me!!!!Foreign macromolecule, antigen e.g. virus
protein, worm, parasite (Everything that shouldnot be in my body)
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
5/27
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
6/27
The immune system
Immune system
Anatomic barriers (Skin,mucousmembranes)
Physological barriers(temperature, pH)
Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders)
Inflammatory barriers (redness,swelling, heat and pain)
Antigen specificity
Diversity
Immunological memory
Self/nonself recognition
Innate (non-specific) immunity Adaptive (specific) immunity
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
7/27
Humoral and cellular immunity(antibody mediated or cellular)
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
8/27
B cells
B-cell
Antigen
Antibody secreting B cell
Soluble antibodies, circculate in the bod y
Surface bound antibody
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
9/27
B-cell
Antibody secreting B cell
Virus killed
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
10/27
T cells
Two types: Helper T cells (Th): activates other cells
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc): can kill other cellsT cells can only recognize antigensassociated with certain molecules (MHC)
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
11/27
C ells of the Immune system
Many cells of the immunesystem derivedfrom the bonemarrow
Hematopoeticstem celldifferentiation
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
12/27
Cancer
The second ranking cause of death afterheart disease in the Western world.most organs and tissues in an organismare in balance (death and renewal)cancer cells have no control in growthmechanisms, can expand to a large size
producing a tumor
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
13/27
HIV and AIDS
HIV Human Immunodeficiency VirusAIDS - Acquired immunodeficiency
syndromeHIV virus binds to Th cells and causes thenumber of Th cells to decrease.
When the number of Th cells is too low,you have AIDS.
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
14/27
Laboratory test in Immunology Immunology is also called serology in the lab.
Serology is the scientific study of blood serum . In practice, the termusually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in theserum. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an
infection (against a given microorganism ), against other foreignproteins (in response, for example, to a mismatched bloodtransfusion ), or to one's own proteins (in instances of autoimmunedisease ).
E L ISA
Immunodiffusion Agglutination Flowcytometry Immunoflorence
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
15/27
EL ISA
HIV HBV
H C V HAV Toxoplasma TB and so,
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
16/27
C omponents of blood
Serum vs. Plasma
Serum: cell-free liquid, minus theclotting factors Plasma: cell-free liquid with clottingfactors in solution (must use ananticoagulant)
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
17/27
C omposition of C omposition of bloodbloodThe composition of blood is actually quite
complex, it consists of aqueous plasmaand formed elements (cells).
PlasmaPlasma
BloodBlood
FormedElements
(corpuscles )
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
18/27
W hat isW hat is blood bankblood bank ??I n medicinemedicine , institution in which blood blood
products are prepared , tested , and stored prior to transfusion into patients is called Blood Bank Blood Bank . Blood is prepared byappropriate collection and separation intodifferent component . Blood Blood is screened for infections such as hepatitis and HIV andsorted by blood group . WholeWhole blood blood may bestored for three weeks when refrigerated. I tcan also be used to obtain blood products,such as platelets and blood blood cells.
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
19/27
1 . Preparation Of B lood B lood
Donor Registration.
Donor Physical Examination.
Donation of whole B lood B lood Unite or Single B lood B lood Unite (Aphaeresis;
one Type of blood component)
D onation Center:D onation Center:
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
20/27
1 . Preparation Of B lood B lood
Refrigerated C entrifuged, toseparate the bloodbloodC omponents.
Manual and AutomatedC omponents extractors .
Components Processing LabComponents Processing Lab
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
21/27
Screening and Test of B lood B lood Unite
ABO and Rh grouping, Absscrening.
HBs Ag Anti-H C V Anit- HIV I/II Anti HT LV I/II Syphilis Sickle C ell Screen Malaria G6PD screen
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
22/27
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
23/27
DidW
e Finish Up To Here?DidW
e Finish Up To Here?
Sure Not
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
24/27
PrePre--Transfusion TestTransfusion Test
1 . Accurate ABO & Rh Typing of thepatients and donor too.
2. Screening tests for antibodies indonors and patients serum.
3. In the presence of patientantinbodies, selection of
appropriate unite for each patient.4. C ompatibility Testing.5. Accurate C omletion of paperwork
and labels.
Is to provide safe, compatible blood fot transfusion to each individualpatients. The steps necessary for safe transfusion are
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
25/27
TransfusionTransfusion After ensure of the unite and its compatability
with patients. W e sould be monitering patientduring transfuion to be sure is no problem and
there no any trasfusion reaction.
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
26/27
Trip in Blood Bank C ourseTrip in Blood Bank C ourseW hat you will learn in blood bank course?
1 . Blood Goups and antibodies.2. Types of Donation.3. Blood C omponents and storge (types of blood bags
and antigoagulants).4. Types of Transfusion Reaction.5. Disease coused by transfusion.6. Prophesional of blood banking
8/6/2019 Introduction to Immunology Faisal
27/27
Thanks for being withme in these trip