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20 July 2011
Introduction to IFRS
© 2011 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. No member firm has any authority to obligate or bind KPMG International or any other member firm third parties, nor does KPMG International have any such authority to obligate or bind any member firm. All rights reserved.
Outline
Overview of IFRS
Nigeria’s Transition to IFRS
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Overview of IFRS
© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
What is IFRS
What is IFRS?• IFRS is a globally-accepted set of accounting standards and interpretations
established by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and itsinterpretative bodies the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee(IFRIC) and Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC).
• IFRS are a set of investor-oriented standards and are more principles based ratherthan prescriptive (rule based)
• IFRS is mainly designed for, and used by, listed, 'for-profit‘ companies
• IFRS does not provide as much detailed and prescriptive implementation guidance asother GAAP e.g., U.S GAAP. As a result, there are more instances when judgmentmust be exercised.
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© 2011 KPMG LLP, a UK limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Composition of IFRSs
• IFRS comprise the following:− International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) – (13 in issue)
− International Accounting Standards (IAS) – (29 in issue)
− Interpretations originated from the International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) – (15 in issue)
− Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) – (11 in issue)
• Current individual IASs will remain – they will not be renamed IFRSs ∴ IAS 18 ≠ IFRS 18!!
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IFRS 10, 11, 12 & 13
are new
© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
The appeal of IFRS
• Comprehensiveness
• Comparability
• Competitiveness
• Dynamic & Responsive
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© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
The appeal of IFRS
• Comprehensiveness
IFRS is robust, comprising of standards and interpretationswhere divergent practices have been noticed
IFRS covers many areas where local GAAPs do not providespecific guidance e.g., Revenue, Share-based Payments
IFRS literature includes Basis for Conclusions (BC), ApplicationGuidance (AG), Illustrative Examples (IE), ImplementationGuidance (IG), Dissenting Opinion (DO). The additionalliterature provide insights and transparency about thestandards
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© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
The appeal of IFRS
• Comparability
no industry/ country specific standards e.g., SAS 10, SAS 15,SAS 16, SAS 25
same accounting principles across industries/ sectors
increased transparency in financial reporting providinginvestors with comparable and sufficient information to enablethem understand the risk profiles of entities and make informedjudgements and decisions
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© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
The appeal of IFRS
• Competitiveness
improved comparability of financial statements with peers andcompetitors
improved access to global capital market and investment
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© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
The appeal of IFRS
• Dynamic & Responsive
continuous review and evaluation of the relevance of eachstandard
amendments issued in response to global financial crises
consideration of expected loss model for impairment offinancial instruments
continuous annual improvement project
issue of IFRS for SMEs
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© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
The appeal of IFRS
Conversion to IFRS is however not without its `birth’ pains:
• Significant one-time costs of converting to IFRS
• Complexity of the new requirements
• Increased use of judgments which, coupled with the prevalence of options permitted by the standards have led to concerns about consistency of application
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© 2011 KPMG LLP, a UK limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
IFRS is used in many countries around the world, including China, Hong Kong and Russia, most European countries under the jurisdiction of the EU.
Countries in Africa include Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Ghana and Sierra Leone.
IFRS is used around the world
Current state of IFRS adoption
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© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
IFRS is fast becoming the globally accepted accounting framework
Widespread IFRS adoptions began in 2005, and the standards are now in use in more than 100 countries.
IFRS Adoption Map
Countries that require or permit IFRS or have fixed dates to implement
Countries seeking convergence with the IASB or pursuing adoption of IFRS
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© 2011 KPMG LLP, a UK limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
IFRS vs. SAS: Key principles compared
Strictly Principles based
Measurement based on concepts like
Fair valuation
Amortised cost
Net present value calculations
Effective Interest rate calculations
Current exit value (for insurance contracts)
Impairment based on principles and methodologies that are consistently applied
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IFRS SAS
A mixture of principles and rules
Measurement largely based on historical cost
Impairment largely based on rules
© 2011 KPMG LLP, a UK limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
IFRS vs. SAS: a high level comparison of major statements
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IFRS SASStatement of accounting policies Statement of accounting policies
Notes to the accounts Notes to the accounts
Balance sheet Balance sheet
Profit and loss account or income statementProfit and loss account or Income statement
Statement of other comprehensive income
Statement of cash flows Statement of cash flows
N/A Value added statements
N/A Five-year Financial Summary
Statement of changes in equity N/A
Statement of financial position as at the beginning of the earliest comparative period when an entity applies an accounting policy retrospectively or makes a retrospective restatement of its financial statements
N/A
Nigeria’s Transition to IFRS
© 2011 KPMG Professional Services, a partnership registered in Nigeria and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Nigeria.
Transition timetable
2014
• IFRS reporting by Other SME’s
• Audit procedures• Investor
communications• Compliance
monitoring
2013
• IFRS/Quarterly reporting by PIE’s
• Audit procedures• PIE Investor communications• Compliance monitoring for Listed & SPE’s
• SME’s Prepare opening SFP &
comparative figs• PIE/SME investor
communications• Dry Runs for
SME’s
Reporting Date:
SME’s
2012
• IFRS/Quarterly reporting by
listed & SPE’s• Audit procedures
• Investor communications• PIE’s prepare opening SFP &
comparative figs• Dry Runs for
PIE’s• SME’s commerce
transition planning
2011
• Transition adjustments
• Prepare IFRS Opening
Statement of Financial Position
(SFP)• “Dry Runs” for
Listed & SPE’s • Prepare comparative
figures
2010
• Awareness• Assessment
• Legislative changes• Training
• Planning/Impact analysis
• Transition adjustments/Opening Statement of Fin
Pos
Reporting Date:
Other PIE’s
Reporting Date: (Listed &
Significant public entities)
Transition Date: SME’s
Transition Date: Other
public Interest entities (PIE’s)
Transition Date: Listed &
Significant Public Entities
(SPE’s)IFRS Competence
Alignment with other initiatives and training for appropriate personnel
realisation and standardisation of statutory reporting
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© 2011 KPMG LLP, a UK limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
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Conclusion
" There are no secrets to success.
It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure. "
Colin Powell
© 2011 KPMG LLP, a UK limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
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