Introduction to ICT and Programming Dr. Raihan Ur Rasool BIT-9D Credits: 3 - 1

Introduction to ICT and Programming

Dr. Raihan Ur Rasool

BIT-9D

Credits: 3 - 1

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Contacts

Office: Academic Block -II

Phone 051-9280439 Ext 129 Office Hours: Monday 1000 – 1200 hrs email: [email protected] Exceptional meeting: Give me an email and get

time.

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Course Outline

Introduction to IT Computing & Communication Understanding Computer Peripheral Devices Connectivity, Interactivity & Multimedia Internet Access Devices and connecting medias World Wide Web Browsers & Search Engines Web Page Basic Design Application Software Microsoft Office Operating Systems Hardware Technology

System Unit Storage Devices Data Entry Devices Output Devices Telecommunications Basics of Digital & Analogue Signal Digital Communication Networks & Protocols Databases Data Mining E-Commerce Security Issues Artificial Intelligence System Development

Part A

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Course Outline

Introduction to Programming Programming Languages Problems solving Techniques Basics of C++ Control structures Functions Arrays & Strings

Part B (Major portion – expected start 10th week)

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Books

Text Books

Using Information Technology by Brian K. Williams and Stacy C. Sawyer (6th Edition)

Object Oriented Programming in C ++ by Robert Lafore (4th edition)

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Books

Reference Books (very important part) Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers 5th Edition Computers by Larry Long, Nancy Long 6th Edition Computer Fundamentals by P.K. Sinha Concepts by Parson Oja Introduction to computes and information systems by Robert

A., Donald P., Norma A., donna M. (2nd Edition) C++ How To Program by Dietel & Dietel (3rd Edition) C++ Web material www.howstuffworks.com www.whatis.com

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Evaluation

Quizzes : 10 % One Hour Tests : 30 %Lab : 5%Assignments : 5%Project : 5 %Final Test : 45%

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Policies

Bring your own calculator, pen paper etc..You will not be allowed to borrow anything

from anyone during any testMust write your name and reference number

(Merit No or Regn No) in a testNo late work will be accepted (unless

arrangements have been made in advance)Ask questions; participate actively in classYou are allowed to talk to instructor only

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Policies

You are responsible for what is covered in class – even if you don’t show up

Deficiency in attendance may lead to termination or relegation

You are encouraged to help each other with your homework assignments – but you must turn in your own work

If you are found to be cheating, you will fail at least the assignment / test and perhaps the entire class

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Policies

If you have any learning disabilities or special needs, please let me know in advance through email or personal meeting

Check your email regularly for messagesQuizzes are unannounced

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Computer Usage

Operating Systems Windows 98/2000/XP Red Hat Linux

Microsoft Office MS Word 2000 MS Excel 2000 MS Power Point 2000 MS FrontPage 2000

Programming IDE VC++ 6.0 Developer C++ Turbo C++ 3.0

Web Browsers MS Internet Explorer 6.0 Netscape Communicator Mozilla

Email Editors Outlook Express

Utilities Winzip 8.0 Winrar DOS Utilities etc. System Troubleshooting

Using Information Technology

Chapter 1

Introduction to Information Technology

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Computer Technology

Computer computes Programmable, multiuse machine that

accepts data and figures and processes it into usable information.

Storage

Processing/Computation

Data & Instructions Information/Results

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Few Basics….2/6

Computer

Hardware Software

ApplicationSoftware

SystemSoftware

CPU Memory I/O Etc.

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Communications

the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

An event that causes an action Event is a signal

A signal is an intended message of communication Action is a process in relation to the event

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Online

Availability for communication

You cannot be online if you have a computer, modem but not a phone line

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Introduction to Information Technology Mind Tools for Your Future

1.1 Infotech Becomes Commonplace: Cellphones, E-Mail, the Internet, & the E-World

1.2 The “All-Purpose Machine”: The Varieties of Computers

1.3 Understanding Your Computer: What If You Custom-Ordered Your Own PC?

1.4 Where is Information Technology Headed?

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Section 1.1 - InfoTech Becomes Commonplace: Cell phones, E-Mail, the Internet, & the E-World

InfoTech: InfoTech is the fusion of computer technology and communication technology. InfoTech is the merging of computers with high-speed communications links carrying data, sound, and video.

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Communication Technology

Consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating over long distances.

Electromagnetic: Referring to the combined electric and magnetic

fields caused by electron motion through conductors

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OnlineAvailability for communication

Using a computer or other information device, connected through a voice or data network, to access information and services from another computer or information device.

Can you be online with a mobile phone?

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E-mail(Electronic mail)Messages transmitted over a computer

network

A great overview on how E-mail works can be found at the following web site:

http://www.howstuffworks.com/email.htm Do read it might be a quiz coming your way!

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1.2 The “All-Purpose Machine”: The Varieties of Computers

All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines

1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

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Supercomputers

High-capacity machines with hundreds of thousands of processors that can perform over 1 trillion calculations per second. E.g IBM ASCI White, Cray

Used where High Performance computing is required

Usually used for weather forecasting, Missile simulations, Nuclear Fusion simulations

IBM ASCI White

IBM ASCI White

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Mainframes

Water- or air-cooled computers that vary in size from small, to medium, to large, depending on their use.

E.g IBM AS/400 Normally Dumb Terminals

are connected to these main frames. Processing is done by Main Frames

Dumb terminals only have keyboard, monitors

VP2400 mainframe

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Workstations

Expensive, powerful computers usually used for complex scientific, mathematical, and engineering calculations and for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing.

e.g. Sun blade 2500

Sun Microsystems workstation

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Microcomputers

A Desk Top Personal Computer Your home computers… Celeron Now Desktop and Workstations are combining.

i.e Your PC is also becoming powerful enough

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Microcomputers

Sony tower PC

A Tower Case Personal Computer

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Microcomputers

A Lap Top Personal Computer Lightweight portable computers with built-in monitor,

keyboard, hard-disk drive, battery and AC adapter.

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Microcomputers

A Personal Digital Assistant

Getting Very popular

Personal organization tools-schedule planners, address books, to-do lists, send e-mail and faxes.

New generation that incorporates mobile phone and microcomputer. HP 5555

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Microcontrollers Embedded computers are the tiny, specialized microprocessors

installed in "smart" appliances and automobiles.

Question: Difference b/w microcontrollers and microprocessors

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1.3 Understanding Your Computer

How Computers Work - Concept #1

The purpose of a computer is to process data into information.

Data The raw facts and

figures that are processed into information

Information Data that has been summarized or

otherwise manipulated for use in decision making

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Hardware All the machinery

and equipment in a computer system

Software All the instructions

that tell the computer how to perform a task

How Computers Work - Concept #2Computers consist of hardware and software.

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Firmware

l Instructions or programs that reside inside Integrated Circuits (ICs)

Liveware

All the living things aiding computer to work. Data entry operators, programmers etc

How Computers Work - Concept #2Computers also consist of firmware and liveware.

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How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.

1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Keyboard

Mouse

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How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same four basic operations

1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. CommunicationsCase or system cabinet

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Processor chip

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. CommunicationsMemory chips

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Motherboard

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Primary storage (memory)

Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed (normally called Buffers)

Secondary storage (HDD)

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

BIT – 1 line that can have either +Voltage or 0 Voltage. (+ can vary from device

to device like 5 volts for parallel port)

Byte – 8 bits of data Kilobyte – 210 bytes of

data = 1024 bytes Megabyte – 220 bytes

of data = 1048576 Gigabyte – 230 bytes of

data = 1073741824

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. CommunicationsZip disk

Floppy disk

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications Hard-disk drive

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Sound card

Sound Card

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. CommunicationsSpeakers

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. CommunicationsVideo card

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications Monitor

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Printer

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. CommunicationsModem

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Put all the hardware together and…

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You still need the software!

System software (Operating System)

Helps the computer perform essential operating tasks and enables the application software to run

and…

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You still need the software!

Application software

Enables you to perform specific tasks--solve problems, perform work, or entertain yourself

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1.4 Where Is Information Technology Headed?Three Directions of Computer Development

Miniaturization

Speed

Affordability

Then (1946)

Now

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Three Directions of Communications Development

Connectivity

Interactivity

Multimedia

Auto PC

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When Computers & Communications Combine:Convergence, Portability, & Personalization

Convergence

Portability

Personalization

Ubiquitous Computing:Anywhere, anytime computing.

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Ubiquitous Computing

Context Aware ComputingYour computer should adapt to your

requirements rather than you telling your computer to adapt

E.g If you enter Conference Room your mobile phone (PDA) should go to silent rather than you telling it to go silent.

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Network

Communication system connecting two or more computers.

LAN: Local Area Network

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network

WAN: Wide Area Network

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Network LAN: Local Area Network connects, usually by

cable, a group of desktop PCs and other devices, such as printers, in an office or a building.

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network A data network intended to serve an area the size of a large city. Such networks are being implemented by innovative techniques, such as running optical fiber through subway tunnels.

WAN: Wide Area Network A communications network that uses such devices as telephone lines, satellite dishes, or radio waves to span a larger geographic area than can be covered by a LAN.

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Network

LAN is maintained inside a building or small campus

MAN’s connect LAN’s together within a city

WAN’s connects LAN’s together across the country.

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Cyberspace

Encompasses not only the online world and the Internet in particular, but also the whole wired and wireless world of communications in general.

Two most important aspects of cyberspace include • Internet• World Wide Web

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Internet

Inter-network! Worldwide network

that connects up to 400,000 smaller networks in more than 200 countries.

Read the history of internet (Topic : origins of internet)

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1970’s: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a US Defense department agency’s started research on networks for defense purpose

1975: ARPANET was built and transferred to Defense Communication Agency. Restricted access

1980 National Science Foundation started CSNet and connected universities and research organizations, Built a very fast connection called backbone in late 80’s

1989: ARPANET became too expensive to handle and was closed down and many of its sites got connected to NSF Backbone and word INTERNET was born

WWW was proposed and implemented by CERN in 1995

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World Wide Web

Interconnected system of computers all over the world that store information in Multimedia form.

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Multimedia

Technology that presents information in more than one medium, such as text, still images, moving images, and sound.

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Client Server Architecture

A network architecture in which each computer or processor on the network is either a Client or a Server.

Client/Server network = Server + Clients

linked together

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Server

A server, central computer, holds collections of data and programs for connecting PCs, workstations, and other devices, which are called clients.

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Clients

Clients = PCs, workstations, & other devices

Clients are PC’s or Workstations on which

users run applications. Clients rely on

servers for resources, such as files, devices,

and even processing power.

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Cluster Computing!

Goto task manager of your computer or press Alt + Shift + Esc key together

It is not a computer but consists of bunch (set) of computers connected by some communication medium. These computer work together in parallel to perform high performance tasks

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Grid Computing

Cluster connected by internetNIIT’s major research emphases is on grid

computing.

NIIT is working with CERN (Center for Nuclear Research) in the domain of grid computing

Documents

Introduction to ICT and Programming Dr. Raihan Ur Rasool BIT-9D Credits: 3 - 1