Introduction to Government

Introduction to GovernmentMullinWhat is Government?Government the ruling authority of a society or communityGovernment is an institution that possesses power, structure, organization, values, legitimacy, processes and provide functions to its citizensAccording to Enlightenment philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, life without government would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. WHY?Functions of GovernmentKeep OrderPass and enforce laws, establish courtsProvide ServicesSchools, libraries, fire and police, unemployment insuranceProvide SecurityPrevent crime, protect citizens from foreign attackGuide the CommunityManage the economy, foreign relations, instill valuesVideohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhxDeomuHh4

Now.Summarize in one paragraph what the purpose of government is and then define the following words:CivicsCitizensCitizenshipNationState

What is Civics?Civics the study of rights, duties and responsibilities of citizens of a nation Citizen a member of a state or nation who believes in the legitimacy of the state, is entitled to rights granted by the state and owes allegiance to the state by birth, naturalization or socialization. Nation or State a group of people who share commonalities that organize power under a government CitizenshipCitizens of a state must perform duties, should perform responsibilities, and should be granted rightsDuty an action required by law from a citizen; Ex. Jury duty, obeying the law, paying taxes, selective service duty, compulsory schoolingResponsibility an action that a citizen should take; Ex. Volunteering, voting, staying informed, service in the militaryRight a freedom granted by the government that should not be limited by the government but should be protected by the government and not infringed on by othersHow become a Citizen?1. Birtha. By Blood parents are citizensb. By Soil born on the recognized territory of the nation-state2. Naturalizationa. Sign a declaration of intention with Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS)b. File an application c. Interview d. Pass Citizenship Teste. Pledges an oath of allegiance 3. Socializationa. Taught belief system and culture

E Pluribus UnumOut of many, OneWe are a nation stateA nation of Citizens, Immigrants, Aliens and Illegal immigrantsImmigrant people legally admitted as permanent residentsAlien a foreigner non-citizen who has permission (VISA) to be in the nationIllegal immigrant residing in a nation without permission from the governmentA Melting Pot or A Tossed Salad?Melting pot a metaphor used to describe a culture in which diverse groups of people have lost their specific original cultures or identities to a new dominate culture; assimilated into a new cultureTossed Salad a metaphor used to describe a culture within a culture where groups of people maintain their unique identities with the larger groups identitiesThink-Pair-ShareTurn to your partner and discuss what you think the United States isis it a melting pot? Or is it a tossed salad? Write down your answers.Prepare to share with the rest of the class.Read and WriteRead about John Locke and Thomas HobbesAnswer the corresponding questions.Due EOC.Warm UpWhat would society be like without government?HECTIC, BRUTISH, VIOLENT.What is the State of Nature?MORAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ABOUT HOW SOCIETY SHOULD OPERATE.Example of State of Nature

14Types of GovernmentMullinVideohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyTbyn7npOc

While viewing the clip think about who gets to govern and to what end. Forms of GovernmentAutocracy - Rule by one Oligarchy - Rule by few Theocracy Rule by religion Direct Democracy- Rule by all Republic Rule by representative Dictatorship - Rule by one AutocracyMonarchy - Rule by King or Queen Absolute Monarchy - when king/queen has total power over government example: Louis XIV of France during the 1700's Constitutional Monarchy - king/queen is limited by law and shares power with elected officials example: present day England OligarchyA family or small group of people control all of governments power example: Saudi Arabia's royal family TheocracyReligious institutions and/or their leaders control government example: Vatican and Iran Direct DemocracyWhere every citizen directly participates in the actions of the government.Not practical in todays larger society.RepublicThe US Constitution makes no mention of the word democracy. Instead the term republic is used. Representative Democracy - the people elect others to represent them in the legislation and law making process Republic in the USSystem of rule by the people Individual worth is stressed, individual rights protected Consensus of citizens rules while considering minority view Free & open elections All people equal under the law

DictatorshipGovernment is controlled by one person who creates and enforces government law through extreme measures example: Cuba's Fidel Castro and Nazi Germany's Adolf Hitler Extremely nationalistic govt where people are subordinate to the state militaristic & imperialistic goals

ActivityAnalyze select segments of the Declaration of Independence and write those segments in your own words.Due EOC.Warm UpWhat is a social contract?Does the US participate in a social contract?Graphic OrganizerComplete the graphic organizerTime: 20 minutesDue EOCWhat is the ConstitutionIts a living document that states the specific roles of government, how government ought to function, and what are every citizens rights.Preamble Short, noteworthy introduction to the ConstitutionStates the purpose of the Constitution

Constitutionalism The concept of limited government. Government must obey the law conduct the business of governing in accordance with constitutional principles.

Rule of LawHolds that government and its officers are always subject to -- never above the law.

Separation of PowersIn a presidential system, basic governmental powers are distributed or separated among three distinct and independent branches of the government. (Articles I, II, and III)

Checks and BalancesThe national government is organized around three separate branches: Legislative, executive, and judicial. Each branch is subject to a number of restraints by the other branches. Each branch has certain powers that check the operations of the other two.Exit Slip ReflectionWhat came before the Constitution and why did it fail? 1 paragraph.Who are the people called that CREATED the constitution? 1 sentence.Who are the people that WANTED the constitution? 1 sentence.Due EOC.