IntroductionIntroductionToToGISGIS

with Karl Krauterwith Karl Krauter

An organized collection of computer hardwaresoftware, geographic data, and personnel designedto efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate,analyze, and display all forms of geographicallyreferenced information.

WH

AT

IS A

G

IS ?WHAT IS A GIS ?

GG

II

SS

GGeographiceographic: A locationlocation somewhere on , above, or below the Earth.

IInformationnformation:Qualities or attributesattributes of a geographic location.

SSystemystem:ToolsTools used to develop,query, and displaygeographic information.

Tools include:Tools include:HardwareHardware

PCPC UNIXUNIX MACMAC PlottersPlottersDigitizersDigitizers ScannersScanners

SoftwareSoftwareArc/InfoArc/Info ArcViewArcView

PeoplePeopleTrainingTraining NetworkedNetworked

with otherswith others

Layers of geographicallyreferenced data

G I SG I Sis a process

which looks at the relationshipsof layers by asking

questionsquestions questionsquestions questions:questions:Who is within a distance of...Who is within a distance of...

What would happen if...What would happen if...When was the last time...When was the last time...

Where is a specific location of...Where is a specific location of...How far from one location to another...How far from one location to another...

How many occurrences of an event are How many occurrences of an event are within a distance of a location.within a distance of a location.

Examples of GIS questions askedExamples of GIS questions asked

Desert Game RangeDesert Game RangeWhat is the total area of industrial minerals ?What is the total area of industrial minerals ?

Potential Radon HazardPotential Radon HazardWhere are the potential radon hazards ?Where are the potential radon hazards ?

Earthquake ScenarioEarthquake ScenarioWhat would happen in Reno if a 7.1What would happen in Reno if a 7.1 earthquake happened on theearthquake happened on the Carson Valley Fault rangeCarson Valley Fault rangeEarthquake EventEarthquake Event

How many events happened in 1976How many events happened in 1976

Hands on GISHands on GIS The Question:The Question:

Find all the areas of possible avalancheFind all the areas of possible avalanchewhere south facing slopes are where south facing slopes are greater than 30%, and are within 150 greater than 30%, and are within 150 meters of a major road.meters of a major road.

To find the answer to this GIS questionTo find the answer to this GIS questionWhat layers / themes are needed ?What layers / themes are needed ?

DEMsDEMs

Major roadsMajor roads

Hands On ArcView 3.2

• Project Window

• View Window

• Table Window

• Charts Window

• Layout Window

• Script Window

Announcements:Announcements:

ArcView is available for ArcView is available for $250.00 for each module$250.00 for each module

Call E.S.R.I. Call E.S.R.I. 1-888-377-45751-888-377-4575Ext. 1499Ext. 1499

you will need to fax your class scheduleyou will need to fax your class schedule

G I SG I SWhat is it ?What is it ?

It is a process which looks at the relationships

between layerslayers of geographic information

G I SG I SAn organized collection ofAn organized collection of

computer hardware, software,computer hardware, software,geographic data, and personnelgeographic data, and personneldesigned to efficiently capture,designed to efficiently capture,

store, update, manipulate,store, update, manipulate,analyze, and display all formsanalyze, and display all formsof geographically referencedof geographically referenced

information.information.

A layerlayer is a theme of various features:

LAYERSLAYERS

Locations (points) + ++

Lines (arcs)

Areas (polygons)

Images (raster)TIFF DEM Grids

An x,y valueAn x,y value

A series of x,y locationsA series of x,y locations

A closed series of x,y locationsA closed series of x,y locations

Project overview figure

Key Terms

Feature Class - PointsFeature Class - Points

An x,y locationAn x,y location

Feature Class - LineFeature Class - Line

A series of x,y locationsA series of x,y locations

Feature Class - Area (polygons)Feature Class - Area (polygons)

A series of x,y locations that are closedA series of x,y locations that are closed

Introduction to ArcViewIntroduction to ArcView

What is it?

How does it work?

Analysis

• Attribute Query – Non Spatial Analysis• Spatial Query

– Spatial Join– Theme on Theme

• Within a distance• Are completely within

• Buffer Analysis• Boolean Analysis (Raster)

Data ManagementData Management

MetadataMetadata

ScaleScale Why doesn’t my data fit?Why doesn’t my data fit?

ProjectionProjection Why doesn’t my data fit?Why doesn’t my data fit?

Data CreationData CreationWhy doesn’t my data fit?Why doesn’t my data fit?

MetadataMetadata is data about your data.is data about your data.is data about your data.is data about your data.

Data InputData Input

Various methods:Various methods:

DigitizeDigitize Digitize TabletDigitize TabletOn Screen digitizingOn Screen digitizingDigitize in a desktop typeDigitize in a desktop type programprogram

ScanningScanning

Take from other sourceTake from other source

What is availableWhat is availablein additional training ?in additional training ?

University of Nevada, RenoUniversity of Nevada, RenoIntroduction To G I SIntroduction To G I S Spring / Fall Spring / Fall

Short course in GIS Short course in GIS SummerSummer

TMCC - TMCC - Various short courses in ArcViewVarious short courses in ArcView

WNCC - WNCC - Intro To GIS, FallIntro To GIS, Fall

E.S.R.I. -E.S.R.I. - Various week long classes Various week long classes

Internet classes - www.esri.comInternet classes - www.esri.comSome other locations in CanadaSome other locations in Canada

GIS questions: krauter@unr.eduGIS questions: krauter@unr.edu

Recommended Books

• “Getting to Know ArcView GIS” by Pat Breslin, Nick Frunzi, Eileen Napoleon, and Tim Ormsby

• “ArcView Exercise Book”, by Pat Hohl with Brad Mayo

What is the question ?What is the question ?

Find all the areas of possible avalancheFind all the areas of possible avalanchewhere where southsouth facing facing slopesslopes are are

greater than 30%, and are within 150 meters greater than 30%, and are within 150 meters of a major of a major roadroad..

Do your r

esults

see

m

Do your r

esults

see

m

reas

onable

?

reas

onable

?

Data ManipulationData Manipulation

Data that intersects other dataData that intersects other data

Data that falls within a distance of other dataData that falls within a distance of other data

Two data layers joined together to Two data layers joined together to produce another data layerproduce another data layer

How do you want others How do you want others to view your results?to view your results?

In ArcViewIn ArcView ->-> ->-> ->-> LayoutsLayouts

Who is your audience ?Who is your audience ?What colors or line type presents What colors or line type presents

my results best?my results best?