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INTRODUCTION TO FOOD PACKAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ismael Povea GarcerantProfesor, Programa Ingeniería de Alimentos
Universidad de la Salle
1
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THEME 1. OVERVIEW
2
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1.1. Definitions3
For consumers “Food packaging is the enclosure of a food product in a plastic pocuh,
a metal can, or glass bottle”1
For scientists and engineers “Is a coordinated system designed for the efficient delivery of high
technical quality, safe food products throughout every phase of the supply chain, from raw material, production to food manufacture, packing, retail, wholesale, consumer use, disposal and recycling or other means of resource recovery”1
1. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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1.1. Definitions4
Packaging International Institute “Is the enclosure of products, items or packages in a wrapped
pouch, bag, box, cup, tray, can, tube, bottle or other container form to perform one or more of the following functions: containment, protection, preservation, communication, utility and performance”2
Codex Alimentarius “Food is package to preserve its quiality and freshness, and appeal to
consumers and facilitate storage and distribution”2
2. Robertson G. Food Packaging Principles and Practices. CRC 2006
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1.2. History³5
1800: Nicolas Appert produced the first thermally preserved food 1870: Corrugated materials was patented 1880: First cereal packed in a folding box 1890: Crown cap was patented 1940: Aerosol was used by marines to dispense pesticides 1960: Two pieces DWI cans was developed 1970: Bar code was introduced 1990: Digital printing was introduced 2000: Environmental friendly packaging was developed 2010: Smart packaging were comercialized
3 Coles R., Mcdowell D., Kirwan M. Food Packaging Technology. CRC 2002
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging System
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Package
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Food
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Food
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
- Gases- Vapor- Microorganisms- Macroorganisms- Odors
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Food
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
- Gases- Vapor- Microorganisms- Macroorganisms- Odors
fat
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Food
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
- Gases- Vapor- Microorganisms- Macroorganisms- Odors
fatvitamins
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Food
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
- Gases- Vapor- Microorganisms- Macroorganisms- Odors
fatvitamins
carbohydrates
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Food
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
- Gases- Vapor- Microorganisms- Macroorganisms- Odors
fatvitamins
carbohydrates
minerals
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1.3. The primary Packaging System6
Primary Food Packaging SystemExternal environment
Internal environment(Headspace)
OxygenPackage
Food
Figure 1. Primary food packaging. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
- Gases- Vapor- Microorganisms- Macroorganisms- Odors
fatvitamins
carbohydrates
mineralscolorants
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- Without packaging- messy- inefficient- costly
- More food´s damage- Support to the Economy
1.3. Pros and Cons7
Packaging
Pros Cons
- High negative impact to the environment
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1.4. Classification8
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1.4. Classification8
Levels Primary Secundary Tertiary Quternary
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1.4. Classification8
Levels Primary Secundary Tertiary Quternary
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1.4. Classification8
Levels Primary Secundary Tertiary Quternary
Forms Flexible Semirigid Rigid
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Flexible Packaging9
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Semi-rigid Packaging10
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Rigid Packaging11
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THEME 2. PACKAGING FUNCTIONS
12
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2.1. Main Functions13
Protection. Primary function of the package. Once the integrity of the package is breached, the product is not longer preserved. Physical damage Physiochemical deterioration Microbial spoilage Product tampering
Convenience Ready-to-eat meals Heat-and-eat meals Easy open Resealability Microwavability
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2.1. Main Functions14
Communication. A package must protect what it sells and sell what it protecs Written text Brand logo Graphics Nutritional facts Barcode Time-temperature indicator RFID
Containment Is the most basic function of packaging. Its depends on the size, weight, form, and
shape of the enclosed food All products must be contained before they can moved
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Protection15
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Convenience16
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Communicaton17
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Containment18
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THEME 3. MATERIALS
19
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3.1. Types of packaging20
Metal cans Glass containers Paper Board Plastics Wood Pocuhes
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Metal Cans21
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Glass22
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Paper23
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Board24
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Plastics25
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Wood26
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THEME 4. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
27
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4.1. Parts Involved28
Involves the participation Packaging technologist Scientist and engineers Packaging materials suppliers Packaging converters Packaging machinery manufacturers Food processors Food retailers and Regulatory agencies
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4.2. Activities29
It encompases technical activities such as Machinery design Graphic design Package development Package manufacture Shelf life testing Distribution and Marketing
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4.3. Science and Technologyof Food Packaging
30
Figure 1. Dynamics of packging science and technolgy. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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4.3. Science and Technologyof Food Packaging
30
Figure 1. Dynamics of packging science and technolgy. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
Materials Science
Food Science
Information Science
Socioeconomics
Terchnology Push
FOOD PACKAGINGTECHNOLOGY
Market Pull
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4.3. Science and Technologyof Food Packaging
30
Figure 1. Dynamics of packging science and technolgy. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
Materials Science
Food Science
Information Science
Socioeconomics
Terchnology Push
FOOD PACKAGINGTECHNOLOGY
Market Pull
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4.3. Science and Technologyof Food Packaging
30
Figure 1. Dynamics of packging science and technolgy. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
Materials Science
Food Science
Information Science
Socioeconomics
Terchnology Push
FOOD PACKAGINGTECHNOLOGY
Market Pull
New products and innovations are created as a result of advances in those aspects.
Then those products are pushed to seek market acceptance
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4.3. Science and Technologyof Food Packaging
30
Figure 1. Dynamics of packging science and technolgy. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
Materials Science
Food Science
Information Science
Socioeconomics
Terchnology Push
FOOD PACKAGINGTECHNOLOGY
Market Pull
New products and innovations are created as a result of advances in those aspects.
Then those products are pushed to seek market acceptance
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4.3. Science and Technologyof Food Packaging
30
Figure 1. Dynamics of packging science and technolgy. Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
Materials Science
Food Science
Information Science
Socioeconomics
Terchnology Push
FOOD PACKAGINGTECHNOLOGY
Market Pull
New products and innovations are created as a result of advances in those aspects.
Then those products are pushed to seek market acceptance
Market needs are created by the dynamics of socioeconomics and then technology is sought to provide solutions to satisfy those needs.
i.e. to satisfy the demand of the consumer convenience, microwavable food packages were developed.
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4.4. New Technologies31
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4.4. New Technologies32
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4.5. Packaging Science33
Food Packging Science Packaging Science
Mechanical strengh Barrier properties Appearance
Food Science Deterioration kinetics of foods
Microbial growth Lipid oxidation Moisture gain or loss
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4.5. Packaging Science34
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4.5. Packaging Science35
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4.5. Packaging Science36
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4.5. Packaging Science37
Food Packging Technology Is a set of science based solutions to address specific food
packaging needs. ExamplesMAP
APMWP
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4.5. Packaging Science37
Food Packging Technology Is a set of science based solutions to address specific food
packaging needs. ExamplesMAP
APMWP
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4.5. Packaging Science37
Food Packging Technology Is a set of science based solutions to address specific food
packaging needs. Examples Aimed to enhancing safety, quality and
convenience for the consumer
MAPAPMWP
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4.5. Packaging Science38
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THEME 5. PACKAGING - SOCIETY RELATIONSHIP
39
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs40
FPI is driven by market pull to satisfy the needs of the society and economy.
Major socioeconomics
needs
Aspect Results Opportunities
Consumer lifestyle
•Aging Population•Increasing numbers of samaller families•Single person households
•Aging Population•Increasing numbers of samaller families•Single person households
•Aging Population•Increasing numbers of samaller families•Single person households
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs41
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs42
Major socioeconomics
needs
Aspect Results Opportunities
Value •Benefist/cost ratio•Enhancing functions of packaging to satisfy the unmet needs of the consumer
•Lower cost meterials•High speed machines•Compact package design•Reduction of distribution costs
•Thicker monolayer materials•Double seamed containers•Replacing of heavy containers (glass-plastics)
Profits •Companies need to mantain or growth their businesses
•Packaging innovations to meet the ever changing market needs
•Different forms for beverage packaging•Battle ground for packaging materials suppliers to capture the market through optimization
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs43
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs44
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs45
Major socioeconomics
needs
Aspect Results Opportunities
Food Safety and biosecurity
•Drives innovations in protective for packaging.
•Miobial contamination is major cause of foodborne store
•Intelligent packaging•Antimicrobial packaging
Food Packaging regulations
•Devolopment relating to food packaging safety: Migration
•Regulations to protect the consumer against unacceptable levels of food contamination by packaging components
•Interest in studying the migration of packaging components
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs46
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs47
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5.1. Socioeconomics Needs48
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THEME 6. PACKAGING - ENVIRONMET RELATIONSHIP
49
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6.1. Packaging Environments50
Environmental Effects Protection
Physical environment •Temperature/pressure•Shock•Vibration•Falls•Bumps•Attack from insects and rodents
•Adequate mechanical strengh•Thermal stability
Ambient environment •Oxygen•Moisture•Oddors•Molds•Bacteria•Light•Heat
•Adequate level of barrier properties depending on the requeriments of the food
Human environment •user-friendliness •Liking/disliking•Safety of a packaging to the consumer
•4 R•lenguage
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51
6.1. Packaging EnvironmentsIPG iPackaginGroup.wordpress.com
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6.1. Packaging EnvironmentsIPG iPackaginGroup.wordpress.com
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53
6.1. Packaging EnvironmentsIPG iPackaginGroup.wordpress.com
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6.2. Functions/Socioeconomics Table
54
PACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONS
Containment Protection Convenience Communication
SOCIOECONOMICS
Consumer lifestyleSOCIOECONOMICS Values
SOCIOECONOMICS
Sofety/biosecurity
SOCIOECONOMICS
Regultations
SOCIOECONOMICS
Environmental
Table 1. Functions/socioeconomics table
Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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6.3. Functions/Technologies Table
55
PACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONS
Containment Protection Convenience Communication
TECHNOLOGIES
Active PackagingTECHNOLOGIES Bio-based materials
TECHNOLOGIES
Barrier materials
TECHNOLOGIES
Intelligent Packaging
TECHNOLOGIES
Advanced machinery
Table 1. Functions/technologies table
Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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6.4. Functions/Environments Table
56
PACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONSPACKAGING FUNCTIONS
Containment Protection Convenience Communication
ENVIRONMETS PhysicalENVIRONMETS
Ambient
ENVIRONMETS
Human
Table 1. Functions/environments table
Dong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
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THEME 7. FOOD PACKGING DEVELOPMENT
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7.1. Food Package Development
58
Step 1.Determinating
Product/package requeriments
Step 2Selecting
Package material andequipment
Step 3Evaluating
Prototype packages
Step 4Testing
Packaging systemin market
Food Product•Formulation•Processing•Stabilty to light, O2 and H2O
Marketing•Desired shelf life•Distribution chain•Cost constraints•Launch timing•Product positioning•Package size
Production• Existing equipment•Plant capability•Cost per unit calculations
Work with suppliers of packaging materials and machines to identify options
Determine costs and availability
Compare stock vesus custom package
Work c l ose ly w ith p roduct development to better understand ingredients and possible issues relating to packaging
Regultation compliance
Conduct shelf l ife testing to determine quality retention at ambient and elevated temperature
Conduct distribution testing to determine robustness and integrity of package
C o n d u ct p ro d u ct / pa c ka g e interaction testing
Evalate feasibility of scale-up at final production facility
Produce final food packages
Confirm all major requeriments are met
Retrieve packages from market for evaluation and cofirmation
Monitor consumer feedback during test market or rational rollout
Refine package/process design if necessaryMarketing Group typically leads
dicussions based upon cosumer data, while technical group provides input on feasibility
Timing is critical to package design. Identify potential issues that may delay timeline
Scale-up package at production facility is important prior to initial run to identify potential process issues
Final package is tested as part of a concept fulfillment test to confirm consumer acceptance of product and packageDong Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packging Science and Technology. CRC 2006
Table 4. A typicall food package development process.
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BIBLIOGRAFIA59
DONG Sun Lee, Kit Yam, Pergiovanni Luciano. Food Packaging Science and Technolgy. CRC. 2007 ROBERTSON Gorodon. Food Pacakging, Principles and Practice. 2007 ITENE. Memorias de Ciencia y Tecnlogía de Envases, Emabalaje y Transporte. Valencia, 1998 http://image.ssww.com/catimages/SWSA-SWSZ/SWSL8000-/SL8335_web.jpg_1222.fpx?&wid=300&cvt=jpeg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3d-imaging.co.uk/media/3d_coke_can.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3d-imaging.co.uk/pages/
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BIBLIOGRAFIA60
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