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Introduction to Culture and Diversity. MGP2278 Cross Cultural Management & Communication Peninsula Campus. Introduction to MGP2278. Welcome! Contact details: Dr Chan Cheah [email protected] Dr Wendy Bell [email protected] Mutual expectations: (Yours/Ours) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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04/20/23 1
Introduction to Culture and Diversity
MGP2278
Cross Cultural Management & CommunicationPeninsula Campus
04/20/23 2
Introduction to MGP2278Welcome! Contact details: Dr Chan Cheah
– [email protected] Wendy Bell
Mutual expectations:– (Yours/Ours)– (Times, phones, classes, assignments)
ICEBREAKER: “The Naming Game”– 15 minutes
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What is Multiculturalism?Do we have it in Australia?
… variety of cultures co-exist harmoniously
… free to maintain distinctive religious, linguistic or social customs
… equal in access to resources and services, civil rights and political power
and … sharing with the rest of society particular concerns and values.(Commonwealth of Australia, Discussion Paper on Multicultural Education p.18 undated
04/20/23 4
Why study culture & diversity?Australian Census 2011
75% + have an ancestry other than Australian About 2% Indigenous background 43% parent born overseas 30% were born in another country (UK, NZ, China) 200 birthplaces., Over 200 languages. (About 16% speak an
Indigenous language, or Chinese, Italian, Greek and Arabic. About 61% identify as Christian (Catholic; Anglican; Uniting
Church; Presbyterian and Reformed; and Eastern Orthodox. Buddhism (2.4% of the population), Islam (2.1%), Hinduism
(1.28%) and Judaism (0.45%). About 7,361 Australians practise Aboriginal traditional religions.
About 22% of Australians have no religion.http://www.racismnoway.com.au/about-racism/population/
04/20/23 5
“Tell me what I need to do to communicate with them?”
Is it …?
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Brainstorming Team ExerciseWhat has been your experience with What has been your experience with
Problem Based Learning (PBL)Problem Based Learning (PBL)
Based on your current knowledge & experiences
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Revisit Problem Based LearningConnecting
Learning to Real World Uses
Discovery Learning
Problem Based
Learning
Challenge Based
Learning
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The PBL Approach
Define the Problem Statement
Analyse the Problem’s underlying concepts
Identify the concepts needed in problem
solving
Formulate learning goals for this problem solving
Collect more info conduct literature
research to address the problem solving
Synthesize/design, validate & share the
solution
Debrief – Reflect and evaluate whether learning goals were achieved &
improvement areas
Use various Use various techniques to techniques to execute each execute each
stepstep
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Lessons or problem solving may interlink
Lesson 1 Lesson 2
Meta Learning (hence be mindful) aboutHow concepts extend into or interrelate with other concepts
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Group Presentation Assessment Criteria
Evidence of Concepts
Discovery
Evidence of Problem Statement
Evidence of Problem Statement
Evidence of Problem Analysis
Concepts Used
Evidence of Problem Analysis
Concepts Used
Evidence of Meta Thinking -
Recognising Learning Goals
Evidence of Meta Thinking -
Recognising Learning Goals
Evidence of Literature Reference
Evidence of Literature Reference
Evidence of Solution Design &
Validation
Evidence of Solution Design &
Validation
(1) Presentations(1) Presentations (2) Supporting Reports(2) Supporting Reports
1. Summary Brief : 1-5 pages2. Body : Info organisation quality
(3) Learning Reflection Summary(3) Learning Reflection Summary
Debrief Notes Learning Development
Evidence of Problem SolvingConcepts Used
Evidence of Problem SolvingConcepts Used
11
22
33
44
88
55
66
77
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From Team Performance Evidence to Knowledge Repository
Learning Portfolio Media
Your choicePaper Based File
OrDigital Blog
Your Team’s Your Team’s Performance OutputsPerformance Outputs::
Group Presentations & Group Presentations & Supporting DocumentsSupporting Documents
Your Team’s Your Team’s Learning Product Outcome:Learning Product Outcome:
Team Knowledge BaseTeam Knowledge Base
Learning Learning ProcesssProcesss
Past cross units knowledge,
Class Discussions &Resources
Performance KPI 1.On-time (12 mins) Presentation 20%2.Presentation + Q&A Quality 50%3.Supporting Report 20%4.Self Reflection – abstract of task 10%
requirement; task execution strengths & weaknesses, improvement areas
Outcome KPI 1.Portfolio Quality %
• Appropriate structure• Effective design• Contents quality
2.Explicit team collaboration & contributions
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Problem Statement: What can we learn about culture from this movie?
Movie Trailer The true storywww.youtube.com/watch?v=U6m7WLmAUeY
Activity Plan1. Read the case and view the movie2. Present your analysis findings and
answers to the questions in the case3. Learning Debriefing4. Discussions
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Spotlight on Culture
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What is Culture??“... the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another. Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture”
(Geert Hofstede, 1984)
“Man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun”
Clifford Geert, quoting Max Weber in The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, 1977, Basic Books Classics, USA
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Culture – an information gap We live … in an INFORMATION GAP.
Between what our body tells us and what we have to know to function, there is a vacuum and we must fill it ourselves. We fill it with information (or misinformation) provided by our culture … our ideas, our values, our acts, even our emotions, are … cultural products
Clifford Geertz, 1973, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, Basic Books, NY p.55)
04/20/23 16
What is Orientalism?(It’s not about being Asian)
Described by Edward Said as seeing people from “other” cultures as “foreign”, even as exotic objects to be studied by the “West”
Said argued that this attitude promotes a fundamental Western “us” and Oriental “them” which hampers understanding across all cultures not simply oriental
Similar to “Ethnocentrism” Said, Edward W., 1995, Orientalism, Penguin, London (First published in 1978)
04/20/23 17
Cultural Intelligence … seeing below the surface of the iceberg
•Understanding culture•Thinking drivers•Motivation drivers•Behavioural drivers
•Edward T Hall (1959)•Harvard Magazine, 2004: http://hbr.org/2004/10/cultural-intelligence/ar/1
Understanding cultural models as metaphor?
machine (cogs in the wheel, driving the project?) human body (circulate, finger on the pulse) family (the parent company, paternalistic) natural world (at coalface, grass roots, drought) sport (shifting goal posts, level playing field) a system (inputs, outputs, feedback) arts (the big picture, a well conducted meeting) (Kaye, 1996)
What is metaphor? What metaphors drive your cultural worldview?
04/20/23 19
Mapping World Culturesthe ‘West and the Rest’
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v44/n9/full/jibs201342a.html
20
Culture & Diversity - its Existence forms
Source: The Cultural Web - Aligning Your Organization's Culture with Strategy
04/20/23 21
Important Elements of a Worldview
Shame vs guilt (can be individual vs collective)
Task vs people
Sacred vs secular (notion of cosmos filled with spiritual beings and forces vs natural causes)
Role of living vs dead in daily life
Good vs Evil
Humans vs Nature
Doing vs Being
Linear vs cyclical life cycle
04/20/23 22
Sociocultural factors defining our cultural worldview
04/20/23 23
Brainstorming Team ExerciseMore on sociocultural determinants of cultureMore on sociocultural determinants of culture
Based on your current knowledge & experiences
04/20/23 24
Political Ideology of Group or Nation
04/20/23 25
Measuring Worth
04/20/23 26
Law
Natural justice
versus
“Rule of law”
04/20/23 27
History
Pride and self-esteem from cultural historyAboriginal, Greek, Roman, Japanese
Whether people previously colonised and sense of autonomy– Thailand?– Indonesia?
Integration of historical and present realities Colonisation?
04/20/23 28
Attitudes to Technology
04/20/23 29
Religion
“Religion is a form of culture, as it accounts for much variation in norms, values, beliefs and behaviour (Cohen 2009)
… however, religion does not equal culture, and culture does not necessarily include religion.
Cultures also differ in what it means to be religious (McDaniel & Burnett, 1990).
Ronen, Simcha and Shenkar, Oded, “Mapping world cultures: Cluster formation, sources and implications, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.44, No.9, December 2013, Palgrave Macmillan, UKSamuel P. Huntington (2011), The Clash of Civilisations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon & Schuster, USA
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SNicJRcUqs
2. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/04/opinion/04brooks.html?_r=0
04/20/23 30
Art and Customs
Intrinsic value of art and customs as an expression of cultural identity, belonging and
status within the society as a positive force for cultural maintenance and
survival
Commodification of art and customs extent to which cultural “goods’ are valued as
commercial products
04/20/23 31
Geography and Population
Physical geography makes a difference easy or hard to survive in a landscape language - number of words for “snow”/”rice” Isolation vs integration
Population influences culture large population=big influence Numbers vs individuals
04/20/23 32
Key Questions
1.1. What did you learn about culture? What did you learn about culture? 2.2. Did the movie demonstrate Did the movie demonstrate cultural differences cultural differences
between the samurai and othersbetween the samurai and others? How?? How?3.3. What examples can you cite to demonstrate What examples can you cite to demonstrate cultural cultural
intelligenceintelligence??4.4. Can you give examples to explain Can you give examples to explain OrientalismOrientalism or or
ethnocentrism ethnocentrism from the moviefrom the movie? ? 5.5. What did “The Last Samurai” reveal about the What did “The Last Samurai” reveal about the cultural cultural
worldview and determinants of the culture worldview and determinants of the culture of the of the Samurai at that time? What did it reveal about the Samurai at that time? What did it reveal about the United States at that time? United States at that time?
6.6. What additional learning do What additional learning do alternative interpretations alternative interpretations of the movie suggest? of the movie suggest?
We will debrief at (time) MGP2278 session.We will debrief at (time) MGP2278 session.
DebriefDebrief
Learning Goals Topics
1. Define the concept of culture & its major determinants
Topic 1: Intro to culture & diversity
2. Examine the link between culture economic processes & organisations
Topic 2: Cross culture mgt theories
3. Identify the impact of culture on organisational communication processes
Topic 3: Cross culture communications
4. Analyse the influence of culture in business management practices in different cultural settings
Topic 4: Negotiations across culturesTopic 5: Leadership & MotivationTopic 6: Decision MakingTopic 7: Conflict ManagementTopic 8 & 9 : Governance & Social ResponsibilityTopic 10: International HRMTopic 11: International Strategy Planning
5. Apply cross culture knowledge to improve management & team performance
Topic 12 : Global Issues