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Introduction to Computing CS 101 Autumn 2004. Chapter 1 Introduction to Computing. Charles Babbage. Life : 1791 – 1871 UK Known as " Father of Computing " for his contributions to the basic design of the computer through his Analytical Machine. http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.html. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Introduction to ComputingIntroduction to ComputingCS 101CS 101
Autumn 2004Autumn 2004
Chapter 1Chapter 1Introduction to ComputingIntroduction to Computing
Charles Babbage Charles Babbage
Life : 1791 – 1871 UK
Known as "Father of Computing" for his contributions to the basic design of the computer through his Analytical Machine
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.html
The First ProgrammerThe First Programmer
Countess of Lovelacehttp://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Ada.GIF
Ada Augusta KingAda Augusta King
The MillThe Analytical Engine of Charles Babbage was never completed in his lifetime, but his son Henry Provost Babbage built the "mill" portion of the machine from his father's drawings
On January 21, 1888 the Mill computed multiples of pi to prove the adequacy of the design.
First Electronic ComputerDate: February 14, 1946Place:University of PennsylvaniaName: ENIACDesigned by:J. Presper Eckert and John MauchlyPurpose:Computing firing tables for the Aberdeen Proving Ground.Programming: RewiringMemory: NilComment: ENIAC was a parallel processor well ahead of its time.
Working with ENIAC
ENIACENIAC
http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~museum/This is only 1/10th of the original. It was announced on February 14th, 1946.
How many Computers?How many Computers?
The world only needs maybe three computers.
Thomas J. Watson, Sr. (CEO IBM)
IBM System 360IBM System 360
Automatic loomAutomatic loom
Patterns controlled by a Patterns controlled by a linked sequence of linked sequence of
punched cardspunched cards
Punched cards
First TransistorFirst Transistor
Year : 1947
Inventors John Bardeen Walter Brattain William Shockley
Nobel prize in 1956
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/
John Louis von NeumannJohn Louis von Neumann
Born: 1903, HungaryBorn: 1903, HungaryDied: 1957, USADied: 1957, USA
Brilliant Brilliant mathematician, mathematician, synthesizer, and synthesizer, and promoter of the stored promoter of the stored program concept,…program concept,…
The von Neumann The von Neumann ArchitectureArchitecture
Alan Turing Alan Turing
Life: 1912 – 1954 UK
Pioneer in developing modern computer logic
One of the first to approach the topic of artificial intelligence.
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Turing.html
Number SystemsNumber Systems
o Decimal SystemDecimal SystemBase 10Base 10
o Binary SystemBinary SystemBase 2Base 2
o Octal SystemOctal SystemBase 8Base 8
o Hexadecimal SystemHexadecimal SystemBase 16Base 16
Decimal Number SystemDecimal Number System
o Base 10 system (Ten digits: 0, 1, 2, …, 9)Base 10 system (Ten digits: 0, 1, 2, …, 9)
o Counting processCounting processEvery digit goes through a cycle 0 Every digit goes through a cycle 0 9 9 Higher significant digit incremented by 1 for Higher significant digit incremented by 1 for
every cycle of the immediately lower significant every cycle of the immediately lower significant digitdigit
o ExampleExample000001010202……090910101111……1919202021…21…
Decimal Number SystemDecimal Number System
o Expanded formExpanded form 5429 = 5,000 + 400 + 20 + 95429 = 5,000 + 400 + 20 + 9
OROR 5,429 = 5x105,429 = 5x1033 + 4x10 + 4x1022 + 2x10 + 2x1011 + 9x10 + 9x1000
o AdditionAdditionCarryCarry
o SubtractionSubtractionBorrowBorrowNegative numberNegative number
Decimal Number SystemDecimal Number System
o AdditionAddition
o SubtractionSubtraction
7799112211
99118877++
88773344
1111
995555
99118833--
88773344
181866131333
Decimal Number SystemDecimal Number System
o 10’s compliment10’s compliment Let N be an n digit numberLet N be an n digit numberP = 10P = 10nn – N is 10’s compliment of N – N is 10’s compliment of N
o Example 1Example 1 N = 5802N = 5802 P = 10P = 1044 – 5802 = 4198 – 5802 = 4198
o Example 2Example 2 N = 4198N = 4198 P = 10P = 1044 – 4198 = 5802 – 4198 = 5802