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Introduction to Introduction to ComputersComputers
22
ObjectivesObjectives
Learn Basic Computer TerminologyLearn Basic Computer Terminology Differentiate Between Hardware and Differentiate Between Hardware and
SoftwareSoftware Understanding Computer ComponentsUnderstanding Computer Components
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In the beginning…In the beginning…
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What is a computer?What is a computer? An electronic device, operating under the An electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions (software) stored in control of instructions (software) stored in its own memory unit, that can accept its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate data (process), data (input), manipulate data (process), and produce information (output) from and produce information (output) from the processing the processing
To describe a collection of devices that To describe a collection of devices that function together as a systemfunction together as a system
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Different Types of Different Types of ComputersComputers
Desktop
Lap Top
Hand Held
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Devices that comprise a Devices that comprise a computer systemcomputer system
Mouse (input)
Storage devices
(CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip,…)
Printer (output)
Monitor (output)
Speaker (output)
Scanner (input)
Keyboard (input)
“THE BOX”
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Inside “THE BOX”…Inside “THE BOX”…
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MotherboardMotherboard
Chapter 1 - Introduction to ComputerChapter 1 - Introduction to Computer
This is where most of the electronics is located
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Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU)(CPU)
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Brains of a computerBrains of a computer Contains electronic circuits that cause Contains electronic circuits that cause
processing to occurprocessing to occur Interprets instructions to the computer, Interprets instructions to the computer,
performs the logical and arithmetic performs the logical and arithmetic processing operations, and causes the input processing operations, and causes the input and output operations to occurand output operations to occur
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Modem (Modulator Modem (Modulator Demodulator)Demodulator)
Chapter 1 - Introduction to ComputerChapter 1 - Introduction to Computer
Use for internet access with phone line
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Audio CardAudio Card
Chapter 1 - Introduction to ComputerChapter 1 - Introduction to Computer
This is the voice of your system
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Network CardNetwork Card
Chapter 1 - Introduction to ComputerChapter 1 - Introduction to Computer
Used to connect to high speed internet access e.g. Cable or DSL lines
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Single Inline Memory Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)Module (SIMM)
Chapter 1 - Introduction to Chapter 1 - Introduction to ComputerComputer
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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
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Hard Disk DriveHard Disk Drive
Computers main, long term storage.Computers main, long term storage. It is referred to as non-volatile storage, because it It is referred to as non-volatile storage, because it
does not disappear when the power is turned off.does not disappear when the power is turned off. The size of the Hard Drive is measured in Gigabytes. The size of the Hard Drive is measured in Gigabytes.
(Billions of Bytes).(Billions of Bytes).
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Power SupplyPower Supply
Chapter 1 - Introduction to ComputerChapter 1 - Introduction to Computer
250 – 500 Watts This is the power source that makes everything
go
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What Does A Computer Do?What Does A Computer Do?
Computers can perform four general Computers can perform four general operations, which comprise the operations, which comprise the information processing cycle.information processing cycle.
InputInput ProcessProcess OutputOutput StorageStorage
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Computer ToolsComputer Tools
Two kinds:Two kinds: HardwareHardware
Physical parts to computer (can be touched)Physical parts to computer (can be touched)
SoftwareSoftware The programs that are on the disksThe programs that are on the disks
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Examples of HardwareExamples of Hardware
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Computer StorageComputer Storage
Two main types:Two main types: MemoryMemory Data StorageData Storage
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Random Access Memory Random Access Memory (RAM)(RAM)
RAMRAM is the memory used by the computer to is the memory used by the computer to run programs.run programs.
The amount of RAM available will run and The amount of RAM available will run and how many windows can be open at one how many windows can be open at one time.time.
Volatile Volatile Disappears is turned offDisappears is turned off
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Data StorageData Storage
Information stored away for use later on Information stored away for use later on (like food in the refrigerator)(like food in the refrigerator)
Usually long-term (safer)Usually long-term (safer) May be stored on disks, CDs. DVDs, or flash May be stored on disks, CDs. DVDs, or flash
drives drives
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Measuring InformationMeasuring Information
BytesBytes One character takes up about one One character takes up about one ByteByte.. An email takes up a few (thousand bytes) An email takes up a few (thousand bytes)
KilobytesKilobytes (thousands of bytes) (thousands of bytes) A picture may take up A picture may take up Megabytes Megabytes (millions (millions
of bytes)of bytes) All the information on a computer may run All the information on a computer may run
into into Gigabytes Gigabytes (billions of bytes)(billions of bytes)
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Storage ExamplesStorage Examples
Email, about a thousand characters Picture of granddaughter, about half a megabyte
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Floppy DiskFloppy Disk
Portable, inexpensive storage medium that Portable, inexpensive storage medium that consists of a thin, circular, flexible plastic disk consists of a thin, circular, flexible plastic disk with a magnetic coating enclosed in a square-with a magnetic coating enclosed in a square-shaped plastic shellshaped plastic shell
Main disk used for library usersMain disk used for library users Holds 1.44 MegabytesHolds 1.44 Megabytes
1,440,000 Bytes1,440,000 Bytes
Feels hardFeels hard Floppy part inside coverFloppy part inside cover
Almost obsoleteAlmost obsolete
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Zip DiskZip Disk
Similar to floppySimilar to floppy Thicker formThicker form Holds more informationHolds more information Available on some library computersAvailable on some library computers Also becoming obsoleteAlso becoming obsolete
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Compact DisksCompact Disks
Also called an optical disc, is a flat round, portable Also called an optical disc, is a flat round, portable storage medium that is usually 4.75 inch in diameter. storage medium that is usually 4.75 inch in diameter.
A CD-ROM (read only memory)A CD-ROM (read only memory)Used the same laser technology as audio CDs Used the same laser technology as audio CDs
for recording music. for recording music. Can contain other types of data such as text, Can contain other types of data such as text,
graphics, and video.graphics, and video.The capacity is 650 MB of data.The capacity is 650 MB of data.
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DVDDVD
Replacing CD-ROMReplacing CD-ROM Holds much larger amount of Holds much larger amount of
information (such as movie)information (such as movie) Also does not work on library Also does not work on library
computerscomputers
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Flash DriveFlash Drive
Most recent widely used storage systemMost recent widely used storage system Very portable, often worn like jewelryVery portable, often worn like jewelry 128-512 Megabytes most common sizes128-512 Megabytes most common sizes
Chapter 1 - Introduction to ComputerChapter 1 - Introduction to Computer
TIME FOR A STRETCH BREAKTIME FOR A STRETCH BREAK