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Introduction to Child Language Development. Review - What is language?. Set of rules for sharing thoughts, ideas, feelings Can be verbal, signed, gestured, written Receptive and expressive. Review: What is language?. Form - Phonology, Morphology, Syntax Content - Semantics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Introduction to Child Language Development
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Review - What is language? Set of rules for sharing thoughts, ideas,
feelings Can be verbal, signed, gestured, written
Receptive and expressive
Review: What is language? Form - Phonology, Morphology, Syntax
Content - Semantics
Use - Pragmatics
How does language differ from speech?
Inter-relationship between language areas Bloom and Lahey (1978)
Language Development Birth to 3 - intensive period of language
development
Critical periods of development
Environment facilitates language development
Language Development - Birth
Language learning begins
Baby reacts to loud sounds by startling or waking.
Baby produces sounds that indicate pain or pleasure
Language Development- birth First communication!
CRYING
Language Development - 0-3 months Baby turns and watches your face when you
speak. Baby smiles and seems to recognize familiar
voices Baby may listen intently to unfamiliar voices Baby responds to comforting tones Baby starts cooing Baby uses differentiated cries
12 weeks old http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnEP
Bb3WVnY
Language Development 4-6 months Responsive to tones of voice Moves eyes in directions of sounds May be interested in non-speech sounds Babbling and vocal play Can indicate urgency/excitement with vocalizations Rituals and games set predictable routines and
expectations Gurgling sounds
Language Development By 6 months -
Response to name
Vocalizations with
intonation
Responses to tones of
voice--happy, angry
6 month old http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwik
h9YVy8I
Language Development- 7-12 months - comprehension Looks in direction of sounds Listens when spoken to Recognizes words for
common objects Begins to respond to requests Enjoys early games/rituals
Language development- 7-12 months - expression
Has 1-2 words Uses speech for attention Babbling
12 month old http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnEP
Bb3WVnY
Play Development 9-12 months Object permanence
Starts to use some basic toys appropriately
Play Development (Westby, 1990)
13-17 months Discovers function of toys
through trial and error Hands toy to adult if unable
to work
17-19 monthso autosymbolic playo tool use
19-22 months Symbolic play beyond self Combines 2 toys in play
Receptive Language - 1-2 years
12 months - understands 50 words, 18 months-understands 200 words
Follows simple directions within common routines
Identifies simple body parts Points to named objects or pictures Listens to simple stories/rhymes
Expressive language- 1-2 years 12 months - uses up to 3 words, (more every
month) 23 months - uses about 200 words! Overextend and underextend meanings
Examples - overgeneralization- all animals are dogs Undergeneralization- sandals aren’t shoes
Emerging 2 word combinations Emerging question use - “where mommy?”
Language development
2 year olds understand possession!!! QuickTime™ and a
Cinepak decompressorare needed to see this picture.
2 year old http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaTJ
SbRZgo4
Receptive language- 2-3 years 24 months - understands 500-700 words 30 months - understands up to 900 words Can acquire 1-2 new words per day Variety of vocabulary expands - nouns, verbs,
adjectives, pronouns, etc Follows 1-2 step directions Understands some concept pairs (hot/cold)
Expressive language 2-3 years Vocabulary explosion - up to 570 words
at 30 months 2-3 word sentences Utterance expansion - (1-3 words) Increased grammatical structure of
sentences Limited topic initiation
Language explosion!!!!
Play Development (Westby, 1990)
24 months Daily experiences represented in
play Stacking, knocking down,
pouring dumping
30 months Starts to represent less frequently observed events Still uses realistic props in play
Receptive language - 3-4 years Understands 1000+ words Can acquire 4-6 new words per day!!! Understands “wh” question forms -
what, where and who Follows multi-step directions within
routines Increased ability to comprehend stories,
explanations and conversations
Expressive Language - 3-4 years Hard to measure expressive vocabulary
because it is so big! Combines 4 + words Relays personal experiences but may
leave out relevant details Expanded conversational topics as the
world expands Best at talking of the here and now
Play Development (Westby, 1990)
3-31/2 years Sequence of events in play May replay an experienced
event with a different ending
31/2- 4 years Problem solving and planning emerge 3 dimensional building
Receptive Language- 4-5 years Understands 2500-3000 words Increased conceptual knowledge including
time words, complex emotion words More precision in vocabulary Answers simple questions about stories Follows multi-step directions in new situations Understands conversation about their lives -
preschool, home, etc
Expressive language 4-5 years Lengthy sentences with detail Can tell a simple story with few grammar
errors May still produce errors with irregular forms
(plurals, past tense) Improved story telling but a limited filter of
what is important More confident to initiate topics
Language characteristics - 5 year olds Can carry on conversations about everyday
subjects Love jokes and riddle Able to state name, address, age and birthday Can describe objects by function May gain a vocabulary of new words not
learned at home- not always positive May understand time concepts but can’t tell
time yet
Play development (Westby, 1990)
5 year olds Imaginative and
cooperative
No longer needs concrete props
Plans and organizes toys and people
Language Characteristics - School age Gaining new communication modes-
reading, writing Metalinguistics - ability to consider
language in the abstract and make judgments about its correctness
Language development slows Focus becomes semantics and
pragmatics
Language characteristics - school age Gradual increase in complexity of
thinking and comprehension of nuances in language
Comprehension of multiple meanings and figurative language gradually emerges
Examples:
“As big as a house” set/set/set
Implications of language abilities for school aged children
In elementary school and beyond, language strongly influences… Academics Peer and social relationships Self- esteem
Language across the lifespan Language continues to develop - unless
presence of a problem! Adults expand language including
adding specialized vocabulary related to experiences, jobs, hobbies, life!