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11 2553 Rattanachan/ (C)copyright 1 426301 Glaze Technology 426301 Glaze Technology 426301 Glaze Technology 426301 Glaze Technology Introduction to Ceramic glaze Part I

Introduction to Ceramic glaze

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Page 1: Introduction to Ceramic glaze

11 �ก���� 2553 Rattanachan/ (C)copyright 1

426301 Glaze Technology

426301 Glaze Technology

426301 Glaze Technology

426301 Glaze Technology

Introduction to Ceramic glaze

Part I

Page 2: Introduction to Ceramic glaze

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��������� ?

• �� ��������ก� ������� ����������� !�"����ก • �ก� #�ก�$����%�����&�'ก��"����ก����������'���(��)*���#'ก��)�&+����,��ก��� ��$������������ !

• -�$�.�$����/�����./.(��$��� -�$�.0����������1ก )ก��������� ��� • ��������##'�.�.����-�$ก*- � 0&�$���� 0&�$�2�����/1����

Introduction

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��� ���������ก���������������Introduction

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• �3�(�����)����' � ��

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• /5�2���ก� �����������3�'����)$�� �8$� /�� ���-996� �����'/�����. �&+����

���,�������� !8�,�������

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Glass formation

• Low viscosity liquid slow cool from A to B. (Tf= freezing point temp.)�crystallization to C will occur.

• Rapid cool� B to E (Tg= glass temp.)

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Glass and crystal

• B2O3, SiO2, GeO2

and P2O5 can form to glass on their own.

• Crystalline: symmetry

• Glass or non-crystalline: non-symmetry

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Silica and fused silica

Si-O tetrahedron

Quartz (silica): long range order

> 1470ºC

Fused silica: short range order

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Glass structure• Glass former or network

former: oxygen atoms are bonded to no more than two cation atoms; the coordination number of the cation to oxygen is low ( 4 or less); Oxygen polyhedra share corners, not edges or faces; at least 3 corners of each polyhedron must be shared. (triangles and tetrahedra)

• Intermediates: co-former• Network modifier: suppose to

occupy random positions interstitially in the lattice (valency = 1 or 2)

Sodium silicate glass

Si4+ , B 3+ , P 5+ , As 3+ ,As 5+ , Sb 3+ , Sb 5+ , Te 4+

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• Network former: Bond strength 80-120 kcal/mol

• Intermediates: bond strength 55-75 kcal/mol

• Modifier: bond strength 10-45 kcal/mol

Field strength = I / r2

I = valencyr = ionic radius

If field strength > 12 � glass former

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ก�������ก ��������������

• ������!&�'ก��/�����. �8$� salt glaze, lead glaze, leadless glaze, feldspartic glaze

• ���8�� %��������� ! �8$� whiteware glaze, porcelain glaze, stoneware glaze

• ������$�/.(�� �8$� Rockingham glaze, Segerporcelain glaze

• ���ก�'��ก������ �8$� Raw glaze, fritted glaze• ��������7����� �8$� Low temp. glaze, high temp. glaze

• �����ก:�'/.(&��ก; �8$� clear glaze, Matt glaze, Opaque glaze

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ก�������ก ��!���������Introduction

• ������/.(�.�'ก�(�&+����!&�'ก�� (Lead glaze)

• ������/.(&��<#�ก�'ก�( (Leadless glaze)

• ������9��� (Fritted glaze) ������/.(�.�$��������$��������/�,��� =7ก�5��������&+��ก�ก$�� ���#1��5�-&� ����&+��,5�������

• ������/1���� (Matte glaze) ������/.()��2������$��- ����)����-�$- ���) #1�8$)&> ������,�������� !

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Example of Lead glaze

• Cone 4 tableware glaze (mole ratio)

0.0356 Na2O 0.0625 B2O3 0.6707 SiO2

0.0131 K2O 0.0677 Al2O3

0.0983 CaO

0.0520 PbO

• Cone 06 clear glaze

0.0125 Na2O 0.0585 B2O3 0.6294 SiO2

0.0167 CaO 0.0644 Al2O3 0.0020 ZrO2

0.0467 SrO

0.1698 PbO

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Example of leadless glaze

• Cone 1 wall tile glaze0.0185 Na2O 0.0617 B2O3 0.5802 SiO2

0.0216 K2O 0.0586 Al2O3 0.0154 ZrO2

0.1481 CaO0.0093 MgO0.0154 BaO0.0957 ZnO

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Opaque glaze

• ������/.(�.������%�� ��*ก� ก�'#�)�)7$/�(-& /5�2���ก� ก��ก�'�#��%�����/.(���กก�'/� %�� ������/.(����'��2�ก��/5�2���ก� ���/1���� 0.4 -����� ������&�'��/�.,�ก� #�กก���������.������ก-" ! �8$� zircon

www.amaco.com/prod-deco-gloss-dg-glazes-lead-...

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���"�#��������������#$��%&'ก�• ���"�ก'�����! �()ก�)��������)�'�����$�

������*�ก���#ก��+ก,• ���!���������)�����#ก*������� ���������!

��+ก�����*)-�ก�!ก���#����.!-!( • ���"��"���*�ก���#������������� ���#$�ก�

��������$����ก�����-����������%*�������• ���"�#�������/�0"�#$��"�0�"(��� ��ก���(0���*)-

�ก�!ก���#����"�ก�#$�

������

���

���&�'ก��/.(/5�2���ก� ก��/1����:• ���&�'ก��/.(-�$�'��)2������� �8$� ZrSiO4, SnO2, ZrO2• ���&�'ก��/.(�ก��1ก/.���� - ��ก$���&�'ก��%��9�7���.� �8$� AlF3, BaF3, CaF3• ��ก-" !/.(�.D/E�F�&+�ก� "1(�#'����2��ก�- ����)��ก �8$� Al2O3, mullite

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�������(0!(

• �.8$�ก����ก��/.(����'��• �.�$�ก��%)�)�����(��#�ก�������/.(����'��ก�����,�������� !• ���,�������(�ก�) /5�&;�ก���)�ก�����,�������� ! �.ก��)1 �� . • �.�������'��2�/���/����2�ก����������������� ! • �.�������'��2�ก�����.)���������'ก�����������• &�'ก�� �)��=� ��/.(��- ��$�) ��'����=7ก • �.�������'��2�ก��������,�� .)- � (Fast single-firing process)

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������/��12

• ��������1ก (Crystalline glaze)• Aventurine glazes: transparent glazes with

sparkling� control 10-15% iron oxide, a rate of cooling.

• Crackle glazes• Luster glazes • The Raku process• Salt glazes• Ash glazes • Celadon glazes• Chun glazes

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Opaque glaze

• Pigments or opacifiers

• Finer the particle size of the crystals, the greater the reflection

• 0.4 microns• Zircon

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Matte glazes

• Very small crystals and evenly dispersed on the glaze

• Zinc silicate (willemite)• Calcium silicate (wollastonite)

• Calcium aluminum disilicate (anorthite)

• Barium aluminum disilicate

• Clay, alumina

Gloss glaze

Matte glaze

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Crystalline glazes

• The rate of cooling (1000-400ºC)

• Glaze formula (low alumina with elements used to form the crystal�zinc, titanium, iron oxides

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Aventurine glazes

• Sparkling effect

• 10-15% iron oxide to a transparent glazes with very low molten viscosity.

• Chromium, copper, uranium

• Slow cooling to re-crystalline

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Crackle glazes

• Glaze has higher in coefficient of thermal expansion than the body.

• High alkaline

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Luster glazes

• A thin film of metal on the glaze surface

• Heating a metallic salt with resin, followed by dissolution in a suitable oil such as lavender oil.

• Mixing 3 times (by wt) of metallic salts in clay� reducing atmosphere

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The Raku process

• Loading ware into a red-hot kiln� short soak� remove from the kiln.

• High alkali content in glaze

• Reduction effects can be produced by quenching the glazed ware in oil or in a bed of sawdust, grass.

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Salt glazes

• Throwing rock salt or common salt into a gas-fired kiln while the ware is in the hot zone.

• 2NaCl +H2O = 2HCl + Na2O

• Na2O + aluminosilicatebody = Na aluminosilicate

• 1060 or 1180ºC

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Ash glazes

• Wood ash

• Reduced firing

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Celadon glazes

• Color produced in reduced feldspathicglazes by low percentage of iron.

• Fired in strong reduction from as low as 950ºc.

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The Chun glazes

• Pale to deep blue color with an occasional splash of copper red

• Titania

• Phosphate, in low (0.5%) concentration

• Thick glazes in strong reduction