Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Introduction to Botany. Lecture 40

Alexey Shipunov

Minot State University

December 9, 2011

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Outline

1 Short excursionGreenhouse

2 Questions and answers

3 Liliidae, or monocotsMain featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Outline

1 Short excursionGreenhouse

2 Questions and answers

3 Liliidae, or monocotsMain featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Outline

1 Short excursionGreenhouse

2 Questions and answers

3 Liliidae, or monocotsMain featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocotsGreenhouse

Short excursionGreenhouse

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Previous final question: the answer

Why Compositae is often considered as most advanced familyamong angiosperms?

Many advanced characters: fused petals, small number ofparts, inferior ovaryInflorescences which imitate flowers: “next level” of flowersNumber of species could indicate the success of group

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Previous final question: the answer

Why Compositae is often considered as most advanced familyamong angiosperms?

Many advanced characters: fused petals, small number ofparts, inferior ovaryInflorescences which imitate flowers: “next level” of flowersNumber of species could indicate the success of group

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Liliidae, or monocotsMain features

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Main features of monocots

One cotyledonLinear leaves with acrodromous venationRoot system without main rootNo cambiumTrimerous flower with non-differentiated perianth

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Phylogeny of angiosperms so far

Archaefructus

Amborella

Trithuria

Ranunculaceae

Rosaceae

Leguminosae

Cruciferae

Solanaceae

Compositae

Gramineae

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Liliidae, or monocotsGramineae, or Poaceae—grass

family

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Main features of grasses

≈ 8,000 species distributed thorough all the world, butmost genera concentrate in tropicsPrefer dry, sunny placesOfren form tussocks—compact structures where old grassstems, rhizomes and roots are intermixedGrasses form grasslands—specific ecological communitieswidely represented on Earth. North Dakota prairies aregrasslands.

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Morphology of grasses

Stems usually hollow and roundLeaves flat, in two ranksFlowers reduced, wind-pollinates, usually bisexual, formcomplicated spikelets*Each spikelet bear two glumes; each flower has lemmaand palea scalesPerianth is reduced to lodiculesStamens from 6 to 1 (most often 3), with large anthersFruit is a caryopsis, it includes flower scalesSeed has a specific structure—embryo with coleoptile,coleorhiza and scutellum

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Scheme of grass spikelet

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Grasses: Oryza and Anthoxanthum diagrams

↑P0−3A0−3+2−3G(2)

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Representatives of grass family

Most primitive grasses are bamboos (Bambusoideaesubfamily)Pooid grasses usually are C3 plants, wheat (Triticum), rice(Oryza), barley (Hordeum) and rye (Secale) belong to thisgroupPanicoid grasses are mostly C4 plants, corn (Zea) andsugarcane (Saccharum) belong here

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Rare event: bamboo (Schizostachyum sp.) isflowering!

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Festuca sp.

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Rice (Oryza sativa), the most important world crop

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Corn (Zea mays), the most productive world crop (upto 10 MT/ha)

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Summary

Grasses (Gramineae) have general monocot charactersbut their flower structure deviated from “typical” monocotdue to the adaptation for wind pollination.BOTANY IS COOL!

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Final questions

Short anonymous voluntary survey:

1 What do you like most in botany course?2 What do you dislike most in botany course?3 Which lab do you remember most of all?4 Please grade (1—bad, 5—excellent):

1 Lectures2 Labs3 Final questions4 Exams

5 Are you interesting in doing directed research in botany?

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

Final questions

Short anonymous voluntary survey:

1 What do you like most in botany course?2 What do you dislike most in botany course?3 Which lab do you remember most of all?4 Please grade (1—bad, 5—excellent):

1 Lectures2 Labs3 Final questions4 Exams

5 Are you interesting in doing directed research in botany?

Shipunov BIOL 154.40

Short excursionQuestions and answers

Liliidae, or monocots

Main featuresGramineae, or Poaceae—grass family

For Further Reading

J. E. Bidlack, Sh. H. Jansky.Stern’s introductory plant biology. 12th edition.McGraw-Hill, 2011.Chapter 23.

Th. L. Rost, M. G. Barbour, C. R. Stocking, T. M. Murphy.Plant Biology. 2nd edition.Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006.Chapter 25.

Shipunov BIOL 154.40