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Chemical Bonding. Introduction to Bonding. Vocabulary. Ion an atom or group of atoms that carries an electrical charge Ionic Compound a compound that results from a transfer of electrons from one element to another. Vocabulary. Chemical Bond - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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C. Johannesson I II III IV
Chemical Bonding
Introduction to Bonding
C. Johannesson
Vocabulary
Ionan atom or group of atoms that carries an electrical charge
Ionic Compounda compound that results from a transfer of electrons from one element to another
C. Johannesson
Vocabulary
Chemical Bond• attractive force between atoms or ions
that binds them together as a unit
• bonds form in order to…decrease potential energy (PE)increase stability
C. Johannesson
Vocabulary
CHEMICAL FORMULA
MolecularFormula
FormulaUnit
IONIC COVALENT
CO2NaCl
C. Johannesson
Vocabulary
COMPOUND
TernaryCompound
BinaryCompound
2 elements more than 2elements
NaNO3NaCl
C. Johannesson
Vocabulary
ION
PolyatomicIon
MonatomicIon
1 atom 2 or more atoms
NO3-Na+
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IONIC COVALENTBond FormationType of Structure
Solubility in WaterElectrical ConductivityOtherProperties
e- are transferred from metal to nonmetal
high
yes (solution or liquid)
yes
e- are shared between two nonmetals
low
no
usually not
MeltingPoint
crystal lattice true molecules
Types of Bonds
Physical State solid liquid or gas
odorous
C. Johannesson
“electron sea”
METALLICBond FormationType of Structure
Solubility in WaterElectrical ConductivityOtherProperties
MeltingPoint
Types of Bonds
Physical State
e- are delocalized among metal atoms
very high
yes (any form)
no
malleable, ductile, lustrous
solid
C. Johannesson
C. Johannesson
Bond Polarity• Most bonds are
a blend of ionic and covalent characteristics.
• Difference in electronegativity determines bond type.
C. Johannesson
Bond Polarity
Electronegativity• Attraction an atom has for a shared pair
of electrons.• higher e- neg atom -
• lower e- neg atom +
C. Johannesson
Bond Polarity
Electronegativity Trend• Increases up and to the right.
C. Johannesson
Nonpolar Covalent Bond• e- are shared equally• symmetrical e- density• usually identical atoms
Bond Polarity
C. Johannesson
+ -
Bond Polarity
Polar Covalent Bond• e- are shared unequally• asymmetrical e- density• results in partial charges (dipole)
C. Johannesson
• Nonpolar
• Polar
• Ionic
View Bonding Animations.
Bond Polarity
C. Johannesson
Bond Polarity
Examples:• Cl2
• HCl
• NaCl
3.0-3.0=0.0Nonpolar
3.0-2.1=0.9Polar
3.0-0.9=2.1Ionic
