ESC-483

Melik Demirel, PhD

*Pictures and tables in this lecture notes are copied

from Internet sources for educational use only.

4

Nanotechnology for Bio-applications

7

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Nanotools

e.g. Atomic force microscopy,

SERS, SNOM,

bioinformatics

Nanomateirals/

nanoformulations

e.g. nanoparticles,

nanocrystals,

nanosuspensions,

nanostructures

(quatumn dots, dendrimers,

nanotubes, fullerenes)

Devices

e.g. nanodevices/

microdevices,

microfluidics/nanofluidics,

microarryas./nanoarrays

Imaging

Diagnostics

Nanotechnologies

Screening

Diagnostics

Imaging

Drug delivery

Diagnostics

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Evolution of Nanotechnology

8

Periodic Table of Life

http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/periodic/

Biochemical Periodic Table

Water: H20

Water is an anomalous liquid Density Maximum in the liquid state (i.e. ice floats!) Growth of Isothermal compressibility on cooling, Cp (cold

water is more "squeezable" than warm water) Formation of Hydrogen bond networks: Electrostatic

interaction between two delocalized electrons; the electronegative atoms (e.g. N,S,O) share one H-atom

Physical Properties of potential biological solvents

BUILDING BLOCKS of LIFEThere are 68 molecules that contribute to the synthesis and primary structures of the four fundamental macromolecular components of all cells: nucleic acids, proteins, glycans and lipids. DNA and RNA are produced from the 8nucleosides. There are 20 natural amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins. Glycans derive initially from 32, and possibly more, saccharides used in the enzymatic process of glycosylation and are often attached to proteins and lipids, although some exist as independent macromolecules. Lipids are represented by 8 recently classified categories and contain a large repertoire of hydrophobic and amphipathic molecules.

J. Marth, Nature cell biology, vol. 10, No. 9, 1015, 2008

Nucleic Acids

20 different subunits

with 5 major atoms:

N,C,H,O,S (nachos)

PROTEINS

Lipids

Providing structural componentsCell wallsExtracellular matrix

Modifying protein propertiesSolubilityStability

Directing trafficking of glycoconjugatesIntracellularExtracellular

Mediating and modulating cell adhesionCell-cell interactionsCell-matrix interactions

Mediating and modulating signalingIntracellularExtracellular

Functions

Extrinsic functionsresulting from

glycaninteractionsIntrinsic functionsperformed by glycans

GlycansGlycans are composed of

monosaccharides with related chemical

structures

Complexity

Nanotechnology in the life sciences

Size, measurement and sensing!with an introduction to nanotechnology!

The fly's eye is made of

hundreds of tiny facets,

resembling a honeycomb

In between the facets are

bristles which give sensory

input from the surface of the

eye.

The fly's eye

cm micron

nano

WHY DOES COMPLEXITY ARISE?