Monograph on Raasna Page 1

Introduction to Ayurveda

Ayurveda is a conjugated term. It contains two words. They are “Ayu” and “Veda”.

Meaning of Ayu is span of life

Meaning of Veda is knowledge.

Science Ayurveda is an ancient medical science dispensing knowledge of status of

living body and measure of life span of life.

Ayu is span of life from birth to death. Science, which comprises knowledge of

span of life and perception of status of living body, is called Ayurveda.

Span of life is dependent on living style one adopts. Adaptation of wrong living

style, one has to face miseries and sorrows. Right habits lead to healthy and

comfortable life. Science of Ayurveda is one , which teaches learner how to

increase span of healthy life.

Ayurveda is the branch of Vedic science, which deals with the physical body

besides yoga, meditation, astrology, etc. herbal medicine, dietetics, physiology,

surgery, psychology, spirituality etc. are included in Ayurveda under Ashtanga

Ayurveda.

Advice to lead good life and avoid bad life styles is read whereas diagnosis and

treatment of disease is well proposed in science of Ayurveda.

Aim of Ayurveda:

Aim of Ayurveda is to serve two purposes to mankind.

They are as follows:

This science intends to maintain the health of a healthy person.

Monograph on Raasna Page 2

This science also intends to cure a diseased person and to help to maintain

his healthy state.

Ayurvedic medicine consists of various natural herbs and minerals and are rapidly

gaining acceptance all over the world. Ayurveda today is part of a new movement

toward a global medicine that includes the best developments from all lands.

Astanga ayurveda

There are eight major branches of Ayurveda included under Ashtanga Ayurveda :

Surgery (Shalya), ENT with Ophthalmology (Shalakya), Medicine (Kaya), Psychiatry (Bhoota ) Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics (Kaumara), Medical jurisprudence and toxicology (Agada), Gerontology (Rasayan) and Science of Aphrodisiac (Vajikarana).

Eight upanga of Ayurveda:

1. Maulika shiddhanta

2. Sharira

3. Dravyaguna

4. Rasashastra

5. Bhaisajyakalpana

6. Roga vigyana

7. Swasthavrita 8. Manas chikitsa

Here in this compilation we deal with the Dravyaguna, one of the most important part of Ayurveda.

Monograph on Raasna Page 3

Dravyaguna-A glimpse

Dravyaguna is formed by combinatin of two words ‘Dravya’and ‘Guna’.The word

‘Dravya’ indicates name ,morphology ,etc.all about introduction and ‘Guna’

indicates Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipak, Prabhava, Karma and uses of drug .Hence

Dravyaguna can be defined as the study of dravyas and their properties,action

and uses .

The study of substance that can be used as diet or drug along with their

introduction, guna, karma and uses is called Dravyaguna.

In modern science it is known as ‘Pharmacology’ which is derived from

Gr.root 'pharmacon' meaning to drug and logos –discourse in . So,it is the science

of drugs. Broadly, speaking ,it deals with interaction of exogeneously

administered chemical molecules with living systems.

The study of Ayurvedic phamacology is based on certain basic principles .

In order to understand the action of various medicinal drug or substances used to

regulate the fuctioning of Tridosh in the body ,the knowledge of six types rasa or

tastes present in the substance is essential.

Therefore, the study of dravyaguna vigyana becomes imperative to understand

the taste , action of substances. The study of deals with the identification and

knowledge of foods ,drugs,remedies and Rasas,the taste.It also deals with the

study of classification of various drugs .sabstance and matter are known as Dravya

and Guna, which means the quality which is inherent in them . Dravya is known

by its qualities ,guna and karma can’t be separated from a substance and that is

why they are called samanya i.e.they are inseperable.

The priciple Ayurvedic Pharmacology differ from those of Allopathic

pharmacology .In allopathy, active principles are isolated from medicinal plants

and then used on human beings ,after rigid animal tests.Ayurveda on other

hand,stesses upon the innate characteristic of a substance which acts upon a

living system, with an objective to increase positive qualities and to eliminate

negative ones . Ayurvedic pescriptions add medicinal substance to a compound or

Monograph on Raasna Page 4

preparation in order to make it more effective .The stress here is laid on balancing

the system ,whereas modern medicine force the human body to respond to

active principles only instead of balancing bioregulating principles functioning

therein.

Where Ayurvedic medicine first attempt to protect body tissue from an

attack of doshas, modern chemical drug only try and alter the patient’s

metabolism to achiev its purpose which after sometimes result in a new disoder

in the body . Modern research neglects the facts that a plant’s active principle

may exist in it , in a more complex form than what they know, whereas, Ayurvedic

physician fullly utilize the natural strengths present in medicinal plants without

disturbing body functions .Efforts are made to balance vitiated disorders of the

bioregulating principles already present in body or those that have been created

by any other substance present therein ,so that the doshas function in the body in

proper order.

The basic principles of Dravya guna can be discussed under following heads .

1.Dravya

2.Rasa

3.Guna

4.Virya

5.Vipaka

6.Prabhava

7.Karma

They are often described as saptapadartha.

1. Dravya(Drug)-Dravyas are substance or drug .It is panchabhautika substance

which has guna (property) and karma(action).eg .Amalaki.It is the abode

(Ashraya)f rasa ,guna, virya,vipaka,prabhava and karma.

Monograph on Raasna Page 5

2.Rasa(Taste)-The presence of taste can be sensed as a result of the presence of

panchabhuta in different propertions.The basic taste of substance is rasa.The

rasas are madhur ,amla ,lavan, katu, tikta and kashaya which are felt by tongue.

3. Guna(Property)-It is the posseor of intrinsic properties as shita (cold ),

ushna(hot)etc. discussed under gurvadi gunas.

4. Virya(Potency)-Energy that leadsthe action of drugs is called virya .It is of two

types –shita and ushna .Virya is the energy present in the active principles.

5.Vipaka (Biotransformed rasa)-The final stage of rasa after digestion is known as

vipaka.It is grouped as

a)Guru and Laghu

b)Madhur ,Amla and Katu.

6. Prabhava(Specific Potency)-Specific and inexpressible property in a drugs

vishghna(anti –poisonous)of sirish ,kusthaghna(anti skin disease )property of

khadir ,hridya(cardiotonic) in arjuna.

7. Karma(Action)-Changes produced by drugs in the human body as result of its

rasa, guna etc.as emesis, purgation etc

.For example –

1. Dravya -Haritaki

2. Rasa-Pancharasa(amla abscent)kashaya dominent

3. Guna-Laghu,Ruksha

4. Virya-Ushna

5. Vipaka-Madhura

6. Prabhava-Tridoshshamaka

7. Karma-Dipana,anulomana,rasayana.

Monograph on Raasna Page 6

b|Jou'0f

cf}iflw tyf cfxf/sf] ?kdf k|o'Qm x'g] ;a} b|Josf] u"0f sd{sf] kl/efiff b]lv lnP/

:j?k, e]b jf k|sf/ pkof]lutf, k|of]u ljlw cflbsf] af/]df a}1flgs tj/n] ;}4flGts Pj+

k|fof]lus cWoog ul/g] ljifonfO{ …b|Jou"0f lj1fgÚ elgG5 . o;df b|Jo u"0f oL b'O{ zAbdWo]

b|Jo zAbaf6 b|Josf] gfd, :j?k /rgf;lxt kl/ro ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ ljioj:t'x¿, a'‰g'kg{]

x'G5 eg] u'0f zAbaf6 b|Josf /;, u'0f, jLo{, ljkfs k|efj nufPtsf wd{ :jefj ljz]iftf

jf zlQm tyf tL u'0fsf sf/0fn] b|Jon] z/L/df Nofpg] kl/jt{g cyf{t sd{ jf

pkof]lutfnfO{ ;d]t a'‰g'k5{

:j:y JolQmsf] :jf:Yo /Iff ug{] / /f]uLsf] ljsf/ k|zdg ug{] oL cfo"j{]bsf b'O{

df}lns p2]Zo x'g\ . oL b'j} p2]Zo k"/f ug{ b|Josf] cfjZostf kb{5 . bf]if – wft' dnsf]

Ifo jf j[l4 ePdf z/L/ j}ifDo x'G5 / k'?if cg]s ljsf/n] cfqmGt x'G5 . o:tf IfL0f tyf

ljifd bf]ifnfO{ ;fDo l:yltdf nfg] ;fwg g} b|Jo xf] . b|Jo tyf z/L/ b'j} kf~ref}lts

ePsfn] bf]if wft'–dnnfO{ lg/Gt/ k|efljt ub{5 . tbg';f/ ;fDo Ifo / j[l4 x'G5 . To;}n]

b|Josf] ;do of]u k|of]u åf/f g} zf/Ll/s tTjnfO{ ;fDo l:yltdf Nofpg ;Dej x'G5 .

ot˘rfo'iofgfo'iofl0f r b|Jou'0fsdf{l0f j]boTotf]˜Tofo'j{]bM . -r=;' #)_

r/sn] cfo'j{]b zAbsf] lg/lQmsf] j0f{g ub{} cfo'io tyf cgfo'io b|Jo tyf To;sf]

u'0fsd{sf] 1fg u/fpg] ePsfn] g} cfo"j{]b elgPsf] xf] elgG5 atfPsf 5g\ . cfo"j{]bsf]

zfZjtTj klg b|Josf] :jefjsf] lgTotfsf] cfwf/df l;4 ul/Psf] xf] .

b|Jou'0f zf:qsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;M

cfo"j{]bsf] 1fg a|Xdf08sf /rlotf cyf{t ;'li6sf k|f/Destf{ a|Xdf :jod\n] :d/0f

u/L Psxhf/ cWofodf ! nfv Znf]so'Qm cfo'j{]bsf] /rgf ug{'ePsf] / pxfFaf6 qmdzM

k|hfklt, clZjgLs'df/åo tyf OGb|nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . j]b k"/f0fx¿df klg

clZjgLs'df/4o -clZjgL_nfO{ b]jtfsf lrlsT;s atfOPsf] / pgLx¿n] u/]sf cg]s

lrlsT;f sd{x¿sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . OGb|af6 cfo"j{]bsf] 1fg wGjGt/L e/åfh, cfq]o,

k"gj{;', clUgj]z, e]n, lgld sfZok, xf/Lt, Iff/kl0f, k/fz/, ht's0f{ tyf r/s, ;'>'t,

s/jLo{, uf]k"/IfLt, b[9an, afUe6, gfufh{'g, j[4hLjs, rqmkf0fL, zfË{w/, dfwj, efjk|sfz,

cflbn] u/]sf lyP . tL ;j}h;f] cfrfo{ dxifL{x¿n] cg]sf}+ lziox¿nfO{ cfo"j{]b cWofkg

Monograph on Raasna Page 7

ug{'sf ;fy} cf–cfkm\g} 5'§f5'§} u|Gyx¿ /rgf u/]sf lyP . tLdWo] xfn pknAw r/s;+lxtf,

;'>'t;+lxtf / jfUe6–ci6fËx[bo_ oL # u|GynfO{ a[xTqoL / zfË{w/;+lxtf, dfwjlgbfg /

efjk|sfz oL # nfO{ n3'qoL elgG5 .

k|flrg sfndf b|Jou"0f lj1fg gfds 5'§} ljifo jf cËsf] ?kdf pNn]v gu/LP klg

cfo"j{]b zfZjt ePsf] x'Fbf o;sf] ljleGg cËsf] ?kdf /x]sf] cfo'io Pjd\ cgfo'io b|Jo,

u"0f–sd{sf] 1fg cyf{t b|Jou"0f lj1fgsf] k/Dk/f klg ;[i6Lsf] k|f/Deb]lv cgj/t rln

cfPsf] 5 . j}lbs sfnb]lv o;sf] k|f/lDes ?k/]vf ePklg a[:t[t Pjd\ Jojl:yt /rgf

;+lxtf sfndf ePsf] kfOG5 .

Introduction to the family Compositae

Compositae:

The Asteraceae or Compositae, also referred to as the aster, daisy,

or sunflower family, is the largest family of vascular plants. The family has more than

22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera, and 12

subfamilies. The largest genera are Senecio (1,500 species), Vernonia (1,000

species), Cousinia (600 species) and Centaurea (600 species).

Most members of the Asteraceae are herbaceous, but a significant number are also

shrubs, vines and trees. The family is distributed throughout the world, and is most

common in the arid and semi-arid regions of subtropical and lower temperate latitudes.

Many economically important products come from composites, including cooking

oils, lettuce, sunflower seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents, and teas. Several genera

are also very popular with the horticultural community, these includes

marigolds,chrysanthemums, dahlias, Zinnias ,pluchea etc

Distribution:

They have a worldwide distribution, being found everywhere except Antarctica. They

are especially numerous in tropical and subtropical regions ( notably Central America,

eastern Brazil, the Andes, the Mediterranean, southernAfrica, centralAsia,and south

western china).

Roots and Stems

Compositae roots are usually taproots, and sometimes fibrous. Stems are

generally erect, but sometimes prostrate to ascending. Some species have

underground stems in the form of caudices or rhizomes, these can be fleshy or woody

depending on the species.

Monograph on Raasna Page 8

Leaves

The leaves and the stems very often contain secretory canals

with resin or latex (particularly common among the Cichorioideae). The leaves can

be alternate, opposite, orwhorled. They may be simple, but are often deeply lobed or

otherwise incised, often conduplicate or revolute. The margins can be entire or dentate.

Flowers:

The most evident characteristic of Asteraceae is their inflorescence :- a

specialised capitulum, technically called acalathid or calathidium, but generally referred

to as flower head or, alternatively, simply capitulum. The capitulum is a

contracted raceme composed of numerous individual sessile flowers, called the florets,

all sharing the same receptacle.

The capitulum of the Asteraceae has evolved many characteristics that make it look

superficially like a single flower. This type of flower-like inflorescence is fairly

widespread amongst angiosperms, and has been given the name of pseudanthia.

Many bracts form an involucre under the basis of the capitulum; these are called

"phyllaries", or "involucral bracts". They may simulate the sepals of the pseudanthium.

These are mostly herbaceous but can also be brightly coloured (e.g. Helichrysum) or

have a scarious texture. The bracts can be free or fused, and arranged in one to many

rows, overlapping like the ti les of a roof (imbricate) or not (this variation is important in

identification of tribes and genera).

Each floret may itself be subtended by a bract, called a "palea" or "receptacular bract".

These bracts as a group are often called "chaff". The presence or absence of these

bracts, their distribution on the receptacle, and their size and shape are all important

diagnostic characteristics for genera and tribes.

The florets have five petals fused at the base to form a corolla tube and they may

be either actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Disc florets are usually actinomorphic, with five

petal lips on the rim of the corolla tube. The petal lips may be either very short, or long,

in which case they form deeply lobed petals.. Ray florets are always highly zygomorphic

and are characterised by the presence of a ligule, a strap-shaped structure on the edge

of the corolla tube consisting of fused petals. In the Asteroideae and other minor

subfamilies these are usually borne only on florets at the circumference of the capitulum

and have a 3+2 scheme – above the fused corolla tube, three very long

Monograph on Raasna Page 9

fused petals form the ligule, with the other two petals being inconspicuously small. The

tip of the ligule is often divided into teeth, each one representing a petal. Some marginal

florets may have no petals at all (filiform floret).

The calyx of the florets may be absent, but when present, it is always modified into

a pappus of two or more teeth, scales or bristles and this is often involved in the

dispersion of the seeds. As with the bracts, the nature of the pappus is an important

diagnostic feature.

There are usually five stamens. The filaments are fused to the corolla, while the

anthers are generally connate (syngenesious anthers), thus forming a sort of tube

around the style (theca). They commonly have basal and/or apical appendages. Pollen

is released inside the tube and is collected around the growing style, expelled with a

sort of pump mechanism or a brush.

The pistil is made of two connate carpels. The style has two lobes; stigmatic tissue may

be located in the interior surface or form two lateral lines. The ovary is inferior and has

only one ovule, with basal placentation.

Floral diagram of compositae family Disk florets

Fruits and Seeds

The fruit of the Asteraceae is achene-like, and is called a cypsela (plural cypselae).

Although there are two fused carpels, there is only one locule, and only one seed per

fruit is formed. It may sometimes be winged or spiny because the pappus, which is

derived from calyx tissue often remains on the fruit (for example in dandelion). In some

species, however, the pappus falls off (for example in Helianthus).

Monograph on Raasna Page 10

Cypsela morphology is often used to help determine plant relationships at the genus

and species level. The mature seeds usually have little endosperm or none.

Ecology:

Asteraceae are especially common in open and dry environments. Many

members of the Asteraceae are pollinated by insects, which explains their value in

attracting beneficial insects, but anemophyly is also present .

Seeds are ordinarily dispersed intact with the fruiting body, the cypsela. Wind dispersal

is common (anemochory) assisted by a hairy pappus. Another common variation

is epizoochory, in which the dispersal unit, a single cypsela or entire capitulum provided

with hooks, spines or some equivalent structure, sticks to the fur or plumage of an

animal just to fall off later far from its mother plant.

Raasna:

The controversy about the genuine raasna is well known and if a survey of the

plant materials used as raasna in different parts are made more than half dozen plants

species will be found in use. The morphological classification of some of these as found

in the drug markets into patra raasna, mula raasna and trina raasna by writers seems to

be nothing more than an indication of the multiplicity of sources and forms of the

present day raasna.

More important varieties are:

- Pluchea species

- Vanda roxburgii

- Alpinia galanga willd

- Inula racemoa Hook

Out of these alpinia species may be the elaparni and south indian species substitute of

raasna , Inula sps. May be more correctly identified as puskarmula.

Vanda and another similar looking epiphytic orchids (Saccolabium papilliosum lindld.)

do not appear to stand a chance to be accepted as real raasna a their peculiar habit has

no where been mentioned in ayurvedic literature in connection with identified raasna.

Other names uch as raasna in the commentaries and Nightantus appear to be those for

entirely other drugs used in place of raasna.

Monograph on Raasna Page 11

At the present , Pluchea lanceolata is being accepted more widely as the source of

raasna. It is popularly known by names similar to raasna. Roots, when dried under

shade develop a faint aroma and they are being used as the country people in

rheumatic conditions. The leaves with their twisted base look like ela fruit in surface

view. The tongue like shade and juice nature of the the leaves may be responible for its

synonyms Gandhamula, elaparni, raasna, rasya etc may not be unsuitable even for this

plant.

Vernaculars

Sanskrit : Raasna, Yukta, Surabhi, Sughandha, Elaparni

Nepali : Gai tihare

Hindi: Raasna, Rashana

Agra Chotikala

Aligarh: Banserai

Cownpore: Sorahi

Gujrat: Raasna, Rashana

Marathi: Raasna, Rashna

Punjab: Marinandai, Reshae, Raasna, Reshami

Pusthu: Marwande

Rajputana: Chotikala

Sindha: Kurasanna

Monograph on Raasna Page 12

Plant description:

F.N.- Compositae

Latin name:- Pluchea lanceolata C.B.Clarke

S.N.- Raasna, Yukta, Surabhi, Sughandha, Elaparni

Nepali name: Gai tihare

Hindi name :-Raayasan, Vayusurahi

Morphological charachters: Herb upto 1-4 ft in height, stem-hairy.

Leaf- 2-6cm long, oblong-lanceolate.

Flower- White, yellowish or brinjal colour in dense panicles.

Distribution-Punjab, Rajasthan. Gujrat.

C.C. : Leafs contain Quercetin, isorhamnetin and panchang contains Pluchin.

Guna –Guru

Rasa- Tikta

Vipaka-Katu

Virya- Ushna

Doshakarma-Kaphavatasamaka

Systemic action

External- Sothahara, Sheethara and Bednashamak.

Internal-

Nervous system: Uttam Bedanashamak(analgesic)

Digetive system: Aampachan, shoolprashaman and rechan( laxative).

Monograph on Raasna Page 13

Circulatory system: Raktasodhak

Respiratory system: Kaasahara, swaasahara

Temperature: Jvaragna

Saatmikaran: Rasayan. bishagna and Brisya

Therapeutic Uses-

It is useful for kaphaj and vataj disorders.

External : Its called the best Sheethara i.e relief from the cold. It i also used in

inflmammations and as painkiller.

Internal-

D/s- Tumour, stomachace, Constipation

N/s- Analgesic

C/s- Vatarakta

R/s-Prameha

Skin- Common cold, cough, Hiccough

Temperature- In fever

Parts Used : Leaves

Dose : Kwaath- 50 to 100 ml.

Monograph on Raasna Page 14

Literature Review of Raasna

Samhita Period

r/s ;Flxtf M

;"Ì :yfg M

sf]n+ s'nEofM ;'/bf?/f:gfdfKjft;Lt]{nkmnflg s'07d \ .

jrf ztfÅf ojr"0f{dDnd'0fflg jftfdlogf+ k|b ]xM ..#÷!&..

Badara, kulattha, devdaru, raasna,black gram, linseed, oily seeds, kustha,

vacha, satapushpa, barley powder mixed up with vinegar and heated. This is a

useful paste for those suffering from Vaatik disoreders.

/f:gf u'8'rL dw's+ jn] ;hLjs+ ;k{es+ koZr .

3 [t+ r l;4+ d 'w 'ifo 'Qm+ /Qflgnflt{ k|0f'b ]t \ k|b ]x ..#÷@!..

Ghee, prepared with raasna, guduchi, madhuyasthi, both bala, jivaka,

rasabhaka along with the milk and added with honey is used as paste fr alleviating

discomfort in raktavata.

/f:gf xl/b |+ gnb + ztfx] å] b ]jbf?l0f l;tf]knf r .

hLjlGtd"n+ ;3[t+ ;t}ndfn]kg+ kfZj{?hf;' sf]i70ffd \..#÷@$..

Monograph on Raasna Page 15

Raasna, two haridra, jatamamsi, two satapuspa, seeds of devdaru, jivanti

roots and sugarcandy mixed with ghee and oil are used as warm paste in sides f

the chest.

/f:gf;'/bf?ljNjdbgztk'ikf j[ZrL/k'gg{jfZjb +i6«flu|dGyZof]gfsf ..$÷@^..

Raasna, devdaaru. bilwa, madan, satapushpa, vrschra, punarnavaa,

gokharu, agnimantha and syonak these ten are sub-unctous enemata.

..................................................../f:gfjftx/0ffd \ .

/f:gfu'?0fL ZfLtfkgogk|n]kgfgfF=============;''vfgfldlt..@%÷$)..

Hereafter Acharaya describes prominent ones among the drugs used for

various actions. Such as food is the best among the life sustaining factors, water

among assuring factors........... same as he describe raasna among the vata

alleviators and raasna and agaru among the califacient pastes.

lrlsT;f :yfg :

hLjlGtd's+d ]bf+ lkKknL dgb + jrfd \ .

Cl4+ /f:gf+ jnf+===========ljBfHhj/fkxd \ ..#÷@%)..

Mix the powder of jivanti, mulathi, meda, pipali, madanphal, bacha, ridhi,

raasna, barirar root, sontha, sunthi, satawari, and prepare a pate(kalka).w Ith all

these add milk and water. This sneha when used through anuvaan vathi treats

the fever (jwar).

gLlngL+ lqkmnf+ /f:gf+ jnf+ s6's/f]lx0fLd .

=======================3 [td]tb \ Jobf]xlt ..%÷!)(..

Root of nil,amla,harro,baheda, raasna, bala root, kutki, vidanga and regani

are taken and mixed ith ater,curd,ghee and snuhi milk. And kalka i prepared. This

Monograph on Raasna Page 16

ghrita i ueful in the treatment of kustha,udarroga (tomach diease), otha,

pandu(anaemia), jvar, pilhia and unmaad.

jnf /f:gf+ ltnfM ;lk{d 's+ gLnd'Tkn+ .

==============================kfZj{z"lngfd \ ..*÷&&..

Balaa. raasna, til, ghee, mulhathi, and neel kamal are grinded well and

mixed with ghee to prepare a lepa. This lepa is beneficial for sirsula, parsavasula

and amsasula.

;ofjz"s{]M ;IfL/}M ;|f]tf;f+ zf]wg+ 3 [td \ .

/f:gfjnf=======================;flwtd \ ..*÷!&)..

Bala, raasna, gokharu, and barsabu are taken to prepare kwaath. This

kwaath is mixed with ghee. This ghee treats sotha roga.

knfz+ st[0ff+ /f:gf+ tåDkSTjf˜j;]ro]t \ ..!#÷!!)..

Seeds of palaas, ghandhatrina and raasna mixed with water is irrigated on

stomach for udar problems.

;d"nf+ lkKknL+ Iff/f{] åf} k~rnj0fflg r .

dft'n'Ëfeof/f:gfz/Ldl/r======jnj0ff{lu|jw {gd \ ..!%÷!^(..

Pippalimula, yavakshaar, sargikkshaar, five types of salts , harro (fruit),

raasna, kachur, maricha, and sunthi are grindered amd mix together. Lemon is

used to give bhavana and then safely kept in the bottle. This churna(powder)

increases jatharaagni power and improves bala and barna of the individual.

Monograph on Raasna Page 17

kf7f dw'/;f /f:gf+ ;/n+ b ]jbf? r .

k|IffDo================Zjf;Zr{]jfj]kzf:olt ..!&÷!)%..

Paatha, murwa, raasna, sarala, and devdaru are grinder together. This

powder(churna) is used to treat hiccough and saawas roga.

b «f]0f]˜kf+ ;fwo]b |f:gf+ bzd"nL+============

=================;KnLnf]jf{lgnfHh]t\ ..!*÷$%..

Raasna, belagiri..............etc are mixed together and grinderedd to prepare

a powder. this medicine is used to treat all types of kaasa,

pilhiabrhidi(spleenomegaly), and urdovata.

lj8Ë+ /f:gf lkKknL===== ===============

=====================Zjf;lxSsfxtflu|;' ..!*÷$^..

Vaayuvidanga, sunthi, raasna, peepal, hinga, salt, varangi are mixed

together aaaaaand churna(powder) is prepared. This medicine is used in Vaataj

kaasa, swaas and agnimandhya.

b ]jbf? z6L /f:gf===============================

==========================jftfg'u] skm] ..!*÷!!&..

Devdaaru, kachur, raasna, kaakadsringi, and yavasa are grindered together

and powder is prepared. This powder is mixed with honey and oil and used in

kaphaj kaasa.

b ]jbf?xl/b |]å ] ;/n+ rGbgfu'? .

/f:gf uf]/f]rgf˜hfhL=====;fj{sfld {s ..@#÷@#@..

Monograph on Raasna Page 18

Devadaaru, haridra, saralkastha, raktachandan, kaaala agar, raasna,

grochan, jeera, guggul, sugarcane, tagar, salt(saindhav lavana), honey, thsese

ingredients when mixed and taken as anjana or lepa or nasya help to treat the

case of poisoning.

k'gg{jf+ bf? ;kZrd"n+ /f:gf+================

====================================ubxgd \ ..@&÷*@..

Punarnavaa, devdaru, brihat panchamula, raasna, jau, kulatha and bayer

are mixed after grinding to prepare kwaath. These medicine is massaged in the

body for the treatment of hridroga(heart disease).

s[i0fz6Lk'is/d"n/f:gfjrfeofgfu/r"0f{s+ r..@^÷(&..

Peepal, kachur, pushkarmula, raasna, bachaa, harro and sunthi are

prepared powder and mix in equal amount. This medicine is use to treat kaphaj

hridroga.

kLn'k0fL{ ko:of r /f:gf uf]If'/sf] jrf ..

======================================gf lkj]t \ ..@&÷$@..

Piluparni, Vidaarighanda, raasna, gokharu, bachaa, saral, agaru, and pathaa

are atken in equal amount and kalka is prepared. This medicine is used to

treatment of urustambha.

lrqs+ gfu/+ /f:gf+========================== .

===========================;lk{jf{t/f]ux/+ k/d \ ..@*÷!@@..

Monograph on Raasna Page 19

Chitrak, sunthi raasna, pushkarmula, peepal and kachur are taken in equal

amount, grindered well ith honey. This is known as the best medicine for the

treatment of vata and Acharaya Charak called it as best "vatanaasak".

d"nsj/;] IfL/;d]==========================

oi6ofxzs{/f/f:gf==============jftg't \ ..@*÷!@(..

...........here Acharaya Charak describe raasna as one of the content of

Mulak tail.

kfbz]if] ;dIfL/+ t}n:==========================

jrfuf]If'/s}/08/f:gf========================

==================================j}Bk"lhtd \ ..@*÷!^!–!^$..

............... here in this context Acharaya Charak describe raasna as one of

the content of Amritadhya tail.

/f:gf;x;|lgo"{x] t}nb |f ]0f+ ljkfro]t \ .

uGw }x{}djt}M lki6}/]nfB}Zrflgnflt{g 't \ ..@*÷!^%..

............ here raasna is mixed with 4 part of water and kwaath is prepared.

then that kwaath is mixed with til oil and some aromatic drugs. This preparation is

called Raasna Tail.

/f:gflz/Lifoi6of=============================

============================j0ff{'a {njw{gd \ .

==============================zltd"nst}nd \ ..!^*–!&)..

.............here Acharaya describes raasna as one of the component of Mulak

tail.

Monograph on Raasna Page 20

jnfdltjnf+ d ]bfdfGdu'Itf+ ztfj/Ld \ .

sfsf]nL+ IfL/sfsf]nL+ /f:gfd [l4+===========

================================Hj/gfzgd \ ..@(÷%%–%&..

...........here raasna is descibed as the component of Balaamrit grhita, which

is use in the treatment of vatarakta, hridroga, paanduroga, kaamla and jvar.

å] k~rd"n] jiff{e "d/]08+============================

====================================aGWof;'tk|bd \..@(÷&)..

........ here raasna is described as the component of Jivaniye grhita.

/f:gfZjb +6«fj[ifs{]M lkj]R5'n] > [t+ koM ..#)÷%&..

Raasna, gokharu and arush in equal amount is used for the preparation of

raasnaadi kshirapaak. This paak is used in the treatment of Yonivisha.

u'8"rLdfntL/f:gfjnf=======================

=======================================r k|0fo ]QtM ..#)÷%*..

...... here Acharaya describe raasna as the component of Guduchyaadi tail.

l;4L :yfg :

jnf+ u'8"rL+ lqkmnf+ ;/f:gf+===================

=============================rt'y{z]ifd \ .. #÷!#..

Monograph on Raasna Page 21

..... here raasna is described as the drug used in niruhavasti. In this context

niruha vasti is described for the treatment of vata vyaadhis.

bzd"n+ jnf+ /f:gfdZjuGwf+ =====================

============================ =======hLjgLo}M knf]lGdt}M ..$÷#..

.... .. here raasna is dsecribed as the component of dasmuladhya anubaasan

tail. This oil is beneficial for vata diseases.

k6f]nlgDae"lga+/f:gf===================================

======================================== =========s'i7g't\ .. *÷*..

Parwar, raasna, chirayata and chativan taken in equal parts and kwaath is

prepared. Then the kwaath is mixed with oil and grhita and this drug is used as

panchatkta panchaprasutik vasti.

;'>'t ;+lxtf

;"Ì :yfg M

dft'n'ËflGudGyf]{ r eb |bf?dxf}ifwd \ .

clx+;|f r}j /f:gf r k|n]kf] jftzf]kmlht \ ..

#^÷#

....... here Acharaya describe raasna praparation for the treatment of Vaatik

Sopha.

;'/;fZj]t;'/;f===========================

================================= ==================ljifd 'li6sZr]lt ..#(÷!*..

Monograph on Raasna Page 22

. ... here raasna is describe as the component of Sursaadi gana.

lrlsT;f :yfg

tq, cfbfb ]j jx'jft................................

..........................j]lt jftk|an ..%÷&..

........ here raasna is describe in the context of the treatment of vata dominance

vatarakta in which raasna preparation are given for the treatment.

Pif+ d 'bL ej]Bf]....................................

.......................................;bLTosfM .. !%÷@)..

. ...... here raasna along with other drug is describe to be used in the Yonishoola.

chfcZjuGwf......................................

...........................................skmfes]if' .. !&÷!%..

.......Acharaya describe raasna preparation for the treatment of kaphaj bisarpa.

lx+;|f cy /f]lxGo ................................................

................................................dw'sfd[tfleM ..!*÷& ..

........hera raasna is describe as the drug for the vataj granthi.

k|kf}08/Ls..............................................

..........................................;+k|n]ko]t\ .. !(÷@* ..

Monograph on Raasna Page 23

.... raasna is describe for the vataj upadansha chiktsaa.

jrfdltljiff+ kf7f.............................................

........................................./f:gf+ s6's/fxL0fd \ ..@@÷%$..

..........here Acharaya Susruta describe raana for the treatment of galashundi i.e.

elongation of uvulva.

hLjGToltanf.........................................

................................;+o 'Qmd "Wj{ hq'ubfkxd \ ..#&÷@#–@^..

.............here jivanti, atibala, raasna .......etc drugs are adviced to be taken for the

anivaasan vasti for the treatment of gulma and balancing of Vata and pitta.

Pnf lqs6's+ /f:gf.........................................

.................................juf]{ ljwLot] ..#*÷@$–@*..

..................here drugs for the aasthapan vasti are described in which raasna is

used.

u'8"rLlqkmnf/f:gf....................................................................

.......................................bBfb:yfkg+ k/d \ ..#*÷$(..

.............here raasna i the component of Guduchiyaadi vati which is used for the

treatment of Vataj vyaadhi’s.

Monograph on Raasna Page 24

/f:gf/ujjiff{s"........................................................................

.................................................x[bu|xfg \ ..#*÷&!–&^..

.................here raasna, raajbriksha, kutki.......etc drugs are described as aasthapan

vasti for the treatment of vata diseases, vatarakta, sarkara, gulma and unmaad.

pQ/:yfg

/f:gfj[iff]Gy............................................................

.........................................jftlkQHj/+ ho]t \ ..#(÷@))..

Raasna , adusaa , harro, barro, amlaa, and amlataash fruits are used in the

preparation of Raasnaadi kwaath. This raasnaadi kwaath is used in the treatment

of vata pitta jvar.

xl/b |f + dl/r+.......................................................................

.................................. lxtef]hgM ..%!÷$!$..

Here raasna is described a the component of haridraadi churnam which is used in

treatment of Swaasa and kaasa.

ci6fFUf Åbo M

;'q:yfg

dbg s'6h s'07 b ]jbfnL

dw'sjrf–bzd"n–bf?–/f:gf

oj–ldlz–s[tj]wg+ s'nEof

dw'nj0f+ lqj[tf lg?x0fflg ..!%÷#..

Monograph on Raasna Page 25

...... here Acharaya describe raasna as the component of niruha vasti.

ckgfxf jrfls0jztfxjfb ]jbf?le .

wfGo}M ;d:t}t{uGw }Zr /f:g}/0f˜htfldif} ..!&÷@..

............here Acharaya describe raasna as one of the cmponent for the preparation

of of upnaaha sweda. He further describes that this Upnaaha sweda is only useful

for the vataj diseases.

lrlsT;f :yfgM

Hj/lrlsT;f M

hLjGtL dbg+==============================

Cl4+/f:gf+ jnf+====================Hj/gfzgfM ..!÷!@#..

........ here raasna is mixed with other drugs to prepare Sneha. This sneha when

used as anubaasan vasti treats the fever(jvar).

sf;lrlsT;f M

Iff//f:gf jrflxË===============================

========================/f]uu'Ndgt\ ..@÷%..

............here raasna with other drugs is mixed ith grihta and their prepared grihta

is given to patient to drink for the treatment of kaasa, swaas, hridroga,

parsawashool and gulma.

lj8Ë+ gfu/+ /f:gf lkKknL=====================

==========================zjf;lxWdftlu|if' ..@÷!@..

Monograph on Raasna Page 26

............. here Acharaya describe that raasna when mixed ith other drugs and

treated with grhita it cures vataj kaasa, swaasa and hiccough.

Tju]nfJof];=======================================

==================================sf;xf..@÷#!..

....... here Acharaya describe that raasna along with other component is mixed

with honey or ghee t prepare avaleha. This medicine is use to treat kaasa roga.

Zjf; lxSjf cWofo M

bzd"nzgL/f:gf======================================

============================================;flwtfd \ ..$÷@$..

........ here raasna along with dashmula, kachur and others is used to prepare

kwaath. This kwaath is used to treat swaasa and hiccough.

/fhoIdflrlsT;f M

/f:gfjnuf]If'/s===================================

=========================================;l;tfko ..%÷@$..

........ here raasna is described as the component of Raasnaadi grhita which is

prepared with the mixture of raasna, gokharu, saalparni, and punarnavaa. This

grhita is used for the treatment of shosha roga(tuberculosis).

5lb {Åb/f]ut[i0fflrlsT;f M

kmnwfGofDnsf}nEyo"ifd "iff;j{]:tyf

syf+===================s6kmnf ..^÷@&..

Monograph on Raasna Page 27

..... here Acharaya describe raasna as the dietary fluid which is given after the

vasti. This fluid also help in the treatment of kaphajroga, gulma and hridroga.

u|x0fLbf]iflrlsT;f M

k~rd"nfef0of]===================================

===================================skmfkxd \ .. !)÷@&..

....here Acharaya describe raasna as the peparation of grhita which is used in

Grahani, swaasa, kaasa and gulma.

u'NdlrlsT;f M

bzd"n+ jnf+ sfnf+==============================

====================================lgnfdofg \ ..!$÷@)..

..... here raasna along with dashmula and other drugs are mixed with grhita. And

this preparation is used for the treatment of gulma disease.

jftioflwlrlsT;f M

/f:gf–dxf}ifw lålkKknL===========

=========================/f]ux/d k/d ..@!÷%^..

...... raasna with other drugs mixed with grhita which is used as the treatment of

vata roga.

k|;fl/0fLt'nf==================================

Monograph on Raasna Page 28

====================================df?tfdogfzgd \ ..@!÷^%..

..... here raasna with other drug is mixed with oil and this oil is massaged in the

body for the treatment of vata vyaadhi.

jft/QlrlsT;f M

jnfztfj/L/f:gf==================================

=================================bf]iffg 'nf]dgd \ .. @@÷*..

Bala, satavari, raasna, dashmula, pilu and krishna saariva cooked with milk and is

used a medicine of vatarakta treatment.

Nighantu period:-

1) Bhav Prakash Nighantu

2) Madanpal Nighantu

3) Raj Nighantu

4) Kaiyadev Nighantu

5) Nepali Nighantu

6) Nighantu Ratnaakar

7) Dhanwantari NIghantu

8) Shankar Nighantu

9) Nighantu Aadarsha.

Monograph on Raasna Page 29

efjk|sfz lg306'

/f:gf o'Q/;f /:of ;'jxf /;gf /;f .

Pnfk0fL{ r ;'/;f >]o;L tyf ..

/f:gf cfd0flrgL ltQmf u'?0ff skmjftlht\ ..

zf]y Zjf;;dL/f:gjftz"nf]b/fkxf .

sf; Hj/ljiffzLltjfltsfdl;Wdx[t ..!^@–!^$..

/f:gfsf] gfd / u'0f:

/f:gf, o'Qf/;f, /:of, ;'jxf, /;gf, /;f, Pnfk0fL{, ;'/;f, ;'uGwf tyf >]o;L oL ;a}

/f:gfsf gfd x'g\ . /f:gf cfdkfrg ug]{ ltQm/;o'Qm, u'?, pi0fjLo{ / skmjftgfzs 5 tyf

zf]y, sf;, jft/Qm, jftz"n, pb//f]u, sf;, Hj/, ljif, *) k|sf/sf] jft/f]u gfz ug]{ u'0fo'Qm

5 .

/f:gf

cfhsn j}B ;dfhdf /f:gfnfO{ Ps e|dfTds cf}iflw dflgG5 . jftljsf/df cfo'j]{bdf

o;sf] k|of]u /f:gflb, dxf/f:gflb Sjfysf] ?kdf ul/G5 . leGg leGg :yfgdf leGg leGg

hfltnfO{ /f:gf eGg] ul/G5 . k|frLg u|Gyx?df o;sf] kl/rodf lgDGf Znf]s k|fKt x'G5 .

/f:gf t' lqljwf k|f ]Qmf d "n+ kq+ t[0f+ tyf .

z}of} d "nbnf} > ]i7f} t[0f/f:gft' dWodf ..

tn /f:gf gfd lnOg] k|hfltx?sf] j0f{g 5'§f 5'§} ul/Psf] 5 .

1.Pluchea lanceolata

lx–/fo;g, /f]zgf, jfo;'/O{

Monograph on Raasna Page 30

of] a+ufn, cjw, ljxf/ / klZrd k+hfadf kfOG5 . o;sf] cfsf/ /f:gf cyf{t lhx\jfsf]

;b[z x'G5 . o;}sf] cfwf/df clwsf+z j}Bx?n] jfo';'/O{nfO{ g} /f:gf dfGb5g \ . ljxf/df o;nfO{

…/rgfÚ / …/f]rgÚ gfdn] lrlgG5 .

o;sf] If'k !–@& lkm6 cUnf], cg]s zfvfk|zfvf ePsf] emf8Lbf/ tyf dfly /f}+ ePsf]

x'G5.

kft– !–@ OGr nfdf], ;gfof]sf] kfth:tf] , ;'v]sf] kft kx]nf]af6 v}/f] /Ëdf kl/jt{g x'G5 .

kqj[Gt ;fgf] x'G5 . kftnf] kftnf] zfvfx?sf] cGtdf ;fgf] ;fgf] j}ugL /Ësf] km"n x'G5 .

2.Innula racemosa Hook.

Family-Compositae

8f b];fO{ cGo j}Bx?;+u ;xdt eP/ o;}nfO{ /f:gf dfGb5g\ . s]xL cGo ljåfg o;nfO{

k'is/d"n dfGb5g\ . of] sfZdL/ tyf pQ/–klZrd lxdfnodf k|fKt x'G5 .

o;sf] If'k % lkm6 cUnf] Pj+ s8f x'G5 .

kft–dflyb]lv v;|f] / tnaf6 /f]do'Qm x'G5 . kft *–!* OGr nfdf] / %–* OGr rf}8f x'G5 .

sf08kq c08fsf/, cfotfsf/ x'G5 .

k'ik–kx]nf] j0f{sf] !.%–@ OGr Jof;sf] u'R5fdf x'G5 .

kmn–;fgf] , cufl8sf] efudf /ftf] /f]do'Qm x'G5 . o;sf] h/faf6 sk'/sf] h:tf] uGw cfpF5 .

Chemical composition-Alantolactone, Inulin

u'0f–of] kfrg, jftx/, skmx/, Zjf;x/ Pj+ uef{zo ;+sf]rs, si6ft{j, km'ˆkm'; ljsf/df

nfebfos 5 .

k|ltlglw–s'7

3.Vanda roxburghii R.Br.

Family-Orchidaceae

of] a+ufn, ljxf/, u'h/ft tyf ssf]0fdf k|fKt x'G5 . o;sf] kf}wf k|fo cfd / dw"ssf]

j[Ifdf k|fKt x'G5 . sf08 !–@ lkm6 nfdf] tyf u|GyL af6 cg]s jftnDjL d"nx? lg:s]sf x'G5g\ .

Monograph on Raasna Page 31

kft–^–* OGr nfdf], b'O6f stf/df lgSn]sf] x'G5 . k'ik Jof;df ! Þ%–@ OGr, lktfe / slxn]

slxn] lgnfe j0f{sf] x'G5 .

kmn–#–# Þ% OGr nfdf], ;lGwx?df /L7bf/ x'G5 . o;sf] d"nsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .

u'0f–cfdjftflbdf nfebfos . Hj/df n]k ugf{n] kmfObfhgs, s0f{;|fjdf o;sf] kftsf] k|of]u

ul/G5 .

4.Saccolabium papillosum Lindl

Family-Orchidaceae

of] klg cfFksf] ?vdfly k|fKt x'G5 . of] ltQm kf}li6s Pj+ cfdjftflbdf nfebfos 5 .

5.Tylophora asthmatica W.&A.

Family-Asclepiadaceae

o;sf] ntf a+ufn, cf;fd, s5f/, p8L;f, sf]+s0f, blIf0fL ef/tdf k|fKt x'G5 .

o;sf] jiffo' ntf x'G5 . kft–@–% OGr nfdf], !–@ OGr rf}8f, n6\jfsf/ of c08fsf/sf]

x'G5 . tfhf cj:yfdf uGwo'Qm / kl5 uGw/lxt x'G5 . k'ik–;fgf] , kx]nf] j0f{sf] x'G5 .d "n–nfdf],

kx]nf] j0f{sf], ;lhn} 6'6\g] / u'lnof] :jfbo'Qm x'G5 .

Chemical composition-Tylophorine, Tylophorinine

u'0f–d"n / kq jfd, skmlg;f/s, /Qmzf]ws, cg'nf]ds Pj+ cfdkfrs x'G5 . cNkdfqfdf sf;,

;+u|x0fL / clt;f/df nfebfos / a9Ldfqfdf jfds x'G5 .

efjk|sfzn] gfs'nLnfO{ klg /f:gfe]b eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

dbGfkfnlg3G6'

By Ram Prasad Patiyala

/f:GffGffdu'0ffM

/f:Gff /Dof o'Qf/;f+ /;gf uGwdfs'nL .

Monograph on Raasna Page 32

;'uGwd"nf clt/;f >]o;L ;'j/f ;/f ..&!..

S.N: Raasna, Ramya, Yuktarasa, Rasana, Ghandhakuli, Sughandhmuli,

Atirasa, Sreyasi, Subaraa, Sara are the name of the Raasna.

/fhlg306'

/f:gf o'Qm/;f /:of >]o;L /;gf /;f .

;'uGwd"nclt/;f ;}j k'lQ/;f :d[tf+ ..*@÷@&)..

Synonym: Raasna, yuktarasa, rasya, sreyashi, rasa, sughandmula, atirasaa, saiva,

putirasa.

Guna: Raana is of three types Mula, patra and trina raasna. In which mula raasna

is the best for medicinal use. It is Guru and tiktaushna. Thi is used for the

treatment of sopha, kampa, swaasa, vataj kaasa, udar dieasese etc.

s}ob]jlg306'

-cfo'j{]bfrfo{ k+= ;'/]Gb | df]xg

/f:gf

/f:gfo'Qmf uGwd"nf ;'/;f /;gf /;f .

Pnfk0fL{ o 'Qm /;f ;'jxf uGwgfs'nL .

;'uGwflt/;f /:f >]o;L ;'/led{tf .. #(@÷!@!^..

Kaidev nighantu stated that raasna as parasitic plant which latin name is

Vanda roxburghii. This plant is usually seen in mango tree, Jamun tree,

benghalensis. Flowers are violet in colour. Same as acharayas said that root and

leaves are called raasna. It is also cultivated and are used for the ornamental

purpose infront of shops in Punjab. Some acharayas also stated Elaparni as the

Monograph on Raasna Page 33

synonym because its leaves resembles with ela. Raasna is believed to be the

choice of drug for the vata diseases. In Madras, raasna is used in the name of

'Ghandhamuli'/Ghandaraasna. In Arabi countries Inula helenium is called as

Raasna. in northe Kashmir Inula racemosa is called as raasna. Narhari describe the

type of raasna as patra raasna, mula raasna and trina raasna. This type is not

mentioned in other nighantus. Raasna is used in the treatment of vata diseases

and amavata in several preparation as raasnaguggul, raasnadhasmula etc.

g]kfnL lg3+6' M

-sf]ifgfy b ]jsf]6f_

;+–/f;gf, o'Qm/;f, /:of, >]o;L, /f;gf, /;f, ;'ulGwd"nf, ;'/;f, /;f9f, clt/;f .

lx–/f;g, /fi0ff

j–/fi0f

d–gjf8Ljof

:jefj–lttf] , u/d / ef/L 5 . cfdnfO{ kfs u/fpFb5 . skm / jfo'nfO{ x6fpF5 . zf]y, Zjf;,

jft/Qm, jftz"n, jftf]b/, sf;, Hj/, ljifbf]if, cfdjft, ;a} k|sf/sf jft/f]u / lxWdfdf pkof]uL

5 .

lg306'/Tgfs/

jftHj/ljrf/

>Lkmn+M ;j{tf]eb |M sfdb "tL r zf0fsM .

tsf{/L uf]If'/M If'b |f sfnzL l:y/f ..

Monograph on Raasna Page 34

/f:gf s0ff s0ffd "n+ s'07+ z'07L ls/ftsM ..

d [:tfd [tfd [tf an+ b |fIffof;M ztfxsf ..

Piff+ sfyf] lgxGDo]j k|e~hgs[t+ Hj/d \ .

;f]kb |j+ r of]uf]˜o + ;j{of]uj/M :d[tM ..

Here raasna along with other drug like bilva, erandamula, gokaharu ..... etc

are mixed together and kwaath is prepared. This kwaath is used to treat Vataj

jvara. This medicine is called Shreephalaadi kadhaa.

k~rd"Noflb sf9f

k~rd"nLjnf/f:gfs'lnDy{]M ;x kf}is/}M .

sfyf] xGoflR5/M sDk+ kj{e ]b + dvHj/d \ ..

Panchamula, bala, raasna, kulatha and pushkarmula are mixed to prepare

kadhaa. This kaadha is used for the treatment of vataj jvar.

cfdjftk|s/0f

/f:gfk+rs

/f:gfd [tfgfu/jftzq' s6sx]/LhlgtM siffoM .

P/08t}ng ;dlGjtf]˜o + eQf ej]bfd;dLv:o ..

Raasna, amrita, sunthi, erandamula and daruharidra these five are mixed to

prepare raasna panchak.

/f:gf;Kts

/f:gf/Ujw=====================================

=============================bLkf]cGwsf/+ oyf ..

Monograph on Raasna Page 35

.... here raasna with other six drug are described as raasna saptak.

Dhanwantari Nighantu:

It secribe raasna as same as Raj Nighantu. It is used in vata diseases, Vataj

kaasa, udar diseases, indigestion, stiffness of neck and sciatica(gridhasi).

Zf Fs/lg3G6'

S.N. : Raasna

L.N: Pluchea lanceolata

Guna: Aampachan, kaphavata shamak, Used in Raktavata, vatashool,

udarroga, kaasa, jvar, vishavikaar, aamvata, swaasa, vishamjvar,

hiccough, kampa and 80 types of vata diseases.

Descrpiption:

Raasna is of three types patra raasna, jadha raasna and trina

raasna. 2-3 plant's root are used a raasna for the medical purpose. Its

root are in the bark of other trees. Leaves are like allium leaf.

lg306' cfbz{

By Bapalal G. Vaidya

Ckowkhamba pulication 1968

Monograph on Raasna Page 36

Raasna:

Synonyms: Raasna, surasa, rasya, sreyasi

L.N: Pluchea lanceolata

Nirukti:

This is beneficial is kaphavata treatment. And is tasted by the patient of sotha

roga so called raasna.

It is famous for its rasa i.e taste. So called rasya.

Its rasa is the best for the treatment so called surasa.

Uses in all types of vata vyaadhis so called sreyasi.

Introduction:

/f:gf t' lqljwf k|f ]Qmf d "n+ kq+ t[0f+ tyf .

1 ]of]{ d "nbnf]{ > ]i7f]{ t[0f/f:gf t' dWodf ..

/f = lg=

Parts used: Root, leaves and panchaanga.

Description: Its rot are cylindrical in shape and width from finger size to wrist.

Thses roots undergoes inside ground nearly 20 to 25 ft. Below. Branches are of

the size of the pinky finger. Leaf are 1.5 to 2.5 inch long nad .25 to 0.45 inch in

width. Upper parts of leaves contains fine white hairs. Leaves are aromatic. After

the root of raasna is taken out from the ground it is distinguished in thin and wide

branches. Thin branches are more expensive hen sold in market.

Indications:

Arsa(haemorrhoids): hen raasna is boiled with milk and given to the patient it

treats arsa.

Monograph on Raasna Page 37

Vatavyaadhi: Raasna is the choice of drugs for the vata vyaadhis. It preparation

are given in all types of vata diseases.

Gridhasi (Sciatica): Raasna along with the guggul is given for the treatment of

sciatica.

This nighantu also describes the species of raasna same as Bhavaprakash

nighantu.

Bhaisajya Ratnawali:

Rasnaa Saptaka Kvatha

Ingradient:

Rasna, Amrita, Aaragvadha, Devdaru, Trikantaka, Eranda, Punarnavaa.

Process of Drug Making :

Obtain equal parts of the above ingradients and raise 25gm of their mix in

pwder form. Decction the mix along 299ml of water. Continue the decoctoin till it

is reduced to one fourth.

Methods Of Use / Administration / Therapeutic Benifits :

It should be mixed with the powder of Nagara and taken by patient

suffering from pain in thigh, back, sacroiliac pint and sides of the chest.

Rasnaa Panchak Kvatha

Ingredient:

Rasana , guduchi, eranda, devdaru and mahausadha.

Process of Drug Making :

Monograph on Raasna Page 38

Obtain equal amount of the abhove ingradient and raise 25gm of their mix

in powder form. Decot the mix alng with 200ml of water continue the decoction

till it is reduced to one fourth.

Methods Of Use / Administration :

It shoulb be taken when Amavata prevades the entire body including joints,

bones and bone marrow.

Therapeutic Benifits :

The decoction cures Amavatta.

Modern period

jgf}iflw rGb|f]bo :

;+–gfs'nL, ;'/;f, /f;gf, ;k{uGwf, ;'uGwf, uwfgfs'nL, Pnfk0fL{, /;f, /;fbo,/f;gf .

lx–/f;gf, /fo;g .

j0f{g–/f;gfsf] ljifodf j}B ;dfhdf w]/} leGgtfx? 5g\ . leGg leGg k|fGtx?df leGg leGg

j}Bx?n] b'O{y/Lsf leGg leGg /f;gf dfg]sf 5g\ . ;'k|l;4 jg:klt zf:qL euL/y :jfdL

sr"/ju{df cfpg] Pnfk0fL{nfO{ /f;gf dflgG5 . t/ :juL{o k+l8t xl/kGghL cg';f/ Pnfk0fL{sf]

cfsf/ lg0fL{t ul/Psf] /f;gf eGbf km/s 5 . To;}n] pgn] Pnfk0fL{nfO{ /f;gf dfGb}gg \ .

csf]{ /f;gf k+hfasf] :jfdL xl/z0ffgGbhLn] sfa'nL ls;ld;nfO{ atfPsf 5g \ . of]

jg:kltnfO{ jxf k"0f{ ljZjf;sf ;fy /f:gf eGg'x'G5 .

n]lˆ6g]G6 sLlt{s/ d]h/ j;' tyf zflnu|fd lg3G6'sf] stf{n] klg nfO{

/f;gf dfg]sf 5g\ . zflnu|fd lg3G6'sf] n]vsn] /f;gf jË b]zsf] k|frLg cfFksf] j[Ifx?df

pTkGg x'G5 . o;sf] h/f 5fndf hd]/ a;]sf] x'G5 .

t/ /;f}iflwsf /r}tf Dr. Desai cg';f/ c;nL /f;gf Inula Racemosa xf] . of]

jg:klt Iran, Afghanistan / Baluchistan df k}bf x'G5 . o;sf] csf]{ pkhflt 5 h;nfO{

Inula quadrifolia ,lxGbLdf km6d]n elgG5 .

Monograph on Raasna Page 39

Dr. Desai n] atfPsf] /f;gfsf] If'k s/La 3 ft. cUnf] x'G5 . of] j[If /;n] el/Psf] x'G5 .

o;;sf] h/f ;'ulGwt x'G5 .

/f;gflb Sjfy

/f;gf, gfu/df]yf, c8";f, lunf]o, uf]v?, jr, b]jbf?, x/8, sr"/, ;f]7, kLk/, ldr{,

wlgofF, clt;, a8L s6]/L, ztfj/L, u+u]/g sL h8, P/+8sL h8, ;f]of, rJo, k'gg{jf,peL/Lu0fL

;a}nfO{ ;dfg efudf lnP/ s'6\g] . ! tf]nf kfgLdf pdfn]/ !÷$ efu kfgL afFsL /x]kl5

lgsfNg] . o;nfO{ of]u/fh u'Uu'nsf] ;fydf ;]jg ug]{ .

c+8j[l4df /f;gflb Sjfy–/f;gf, lunf]o, u+u]/gsL h8, d'n]7L, uf]v? / P/+8sL h8sf Sjfy, s'5

P/+8 sf t]n ldnfs/ lknfg] ;] c+8j[l4 d] nfe xf]tf x} .

afg:klts cg';Gwfg blz{sf

by Dr. Krishna Chunekar

Its stem and root are undergone researches in the mouse.

Artificially an inflammation was induced on mouse and its chemical are

tested. And it was compared with the modern drug Betamethasone.

Raasna was found to be the best antiinflammatory action.

Indian medicinal plants:

by Orient longman

Indian medicinal plants raasna stated in the ancient books is the sanskrit

synonym of raasna.

Alpinia Galanga (Linn. Willd) Family: Zingiberaceae

Monograph on Raasna Page 40

Sanskrit name: Raasna, sugandhamula English name: Greater galangal, Java galangal Hindi: Kulanajn, Kulinjan

Distribution: through the western ghats , also cultivated.

Description: a perinnial, aromatic, rhizomatous herb 1.8-2.1 m in ht.

Leaves: oblong- lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, very shortly petioled ligule short, rounded, ciliate. Flowers: fragnant, greenish white with red veined lips in dense panicles. Fruits: capsules orange red when ripe.

Parts used: Rhizomes

Properties and Uses: The rhizome are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, nervine tonic, stimulant, revulsive, carminative, stomachic, disinfectant, aphrodisiac, expectorant, bronchiodilators, febrique,anti inflammatory and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of vata and kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, stomatopathy, phayngiopathy, cough, asthama, bronchitis, hiccough, dyspepsia, obesity and intermittent fever.

Ayurvedic Medicinal plant and treatment

By Vd. Mana Bajra Bajracharya

S.N: Raasna

L.N : Vanda Roxburghii R. Br.

A perennial shrub grows in hill of temperate and sub tropical climate.

Leaves 6-8 cm long. All parts of the plant bitter in taste, used in nerve

defects in general.

Monograph on Raasna Page 41

Indian Medicinal plant

by Colonel K.R. Kirtikar & B.D Basu

Pluchea lanceolata C.B. Clarke:

An erect undershrub, stem and branches terete slender, softly ahy

pubescent. Leaves sessile, very Coracious, 3-5 cm long and 1-2 cm

broad, oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse, apiculate, narrowed at the base,

finely ahy pubescent at both sides. Entire main nerve prominant. Heads

in compound corymbs, involcure, contracted at mouth. outer bracts 2-3

seriate, oblong vey obtuse, usually tinged with purple, the innermost

bracts linear, subacute, few, paapus hairy distinctly connate at the

base.

Indian medicinal plant

By C.P. Khare

pluchea lanceolata C.B. Clarke

Family- compositae; asteraceae

Habitat- Punjab, Upper Gangetic plains, Gujarat, Rajathan.

Ayurvedic-Raasnaa, Rasanaa, Raasnikaa, Rasaa, Yuktaa, Yuktrasaa, Suvahaa,

Elaaparni.

Folk –Vaaya-surai(uttar-pradesh), Raayasan.

Action- aerial part - mooth mucle relaxant.

Stem- anti-inflammatory. Pluchea lanceolata is rich source of rasanaa in

Punjab, Uttarpradesh and Gujrat.vanda roxburghii is ued a Raasnaa in Bengal.

Throughout South India, Alpinia galanga is accepted as Raasnaa.

Monograph on Raasna Page 42

The stem and leaves contain moretenol, moretenol acetate, neolupenol,

octacoanoic, hexacosanoic and tetracoanoic acid, tetrcosanol, hexacoanol,

triacontanol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol-D-glucoside.

The petrolium extract of the stem and leaves and the chloroform-soluble

portion of the methanolic extract exhibited 31.90% and 54.5%.antiodema activity,

respectively.the triterpene, moretenol acetate, moretenol and neolupenol

exhibited 55.2,32,8 and 39.7% anti inflamametory activity respectively as against

ibuprofen as standard exhibiting 65.5% activity.

Dravya guna –Vigyana

Prof. P.V. Sharma

F.N.- Compositae

L.N.- Pluchea lanceolata C.B.Clarke

S.N.- Raasna, Yukta, Surabhi, Sughandha, Elaparni

H.N.-Raayan, Vayusurahi

Morphological charachters: Herb upto 1-4 ft in height, stem-hairy.

Leaf- 2-6cm long, oblong-lanceolate.

Flower- white, yellowish or brinjal colour in dense panicles.

Distribution-Punjab, Rajasthan. Gujrat.

C.C. : Leafs contain Quercetin, isorhamnetin and panchang contains Pluchin.

Guna –Guru

Rasa- Tikta

Vipaka-Katu

Virya- Ushna

Monograph on Raasna Page 43

Doshakarma-Kaphavatasamaka

Systemic action

External- Sothahara, Sheethara and Bednashamak.

Internal-

Nervous system: Uttam Bedanashamak(analgesic)

Digetive system: Aampachan, shoolprashaman and rechan( laxative).

Circulatory system: Raktasodhak

Respiratory system: Kaasahara, swaasahara

Temperature: Jvaragna

Saatmikaran: Rasayan. bishagna and Brisya

Therapeutic Uses-

It is useful for kaphaj and vataj disorders.

External : Its called the best Sheethara i.e relief from the cold. It i also used in

inflmammations and as painkiller.

Internal-

D/s- Tumour, stomachace, Constipation

N/s- Analgesic

C/s- Vatarakta

R/s-Prameha

Skin- Common cold, cough, Hiccough

Temperature- In fever

Parts Used : Leaves

Monograph on Raasna Page 44

Dose : Kwaath- 50 to 100 ml.

Ayurvedic Preparation- Raasnaadi kwaath, raasnaadi grhita, raasnaadi tail etc.

Raasna:

Inula Cappa

In Nepal Inula cappa is called as Raasna

Inula cappa

Nepali name: Gaai tihaare

Eng name: Golden samphire

Distribution: Himalya(uttar pradesh to bhutan), India to China, Thailand,

Morphological character:

Erect shrub about 2m high. Leaves stalkd,alternate, 7-15 cm wide,oblong to

lanceolate, narrowd at both end, distantly dentate, softly tomentose beneath.

Flower heads yelow in corymbs. Fruit an achen, the hairs thickened at the ends.

Pu root applictn root juice use root juice is given to treat fever. Bark juice mixed in

equal amounts wid the decocttion of Myrica esculanta and Ficus semicordata is

used in case of menstrual disorder. Root extract is usd for dysentery, rheumatoid

pains and headache. Leaf paste is applied locally to relieve rheumatic pain.

Monograph on Raasna Page 45

Hindu Materia Medica:

Raasna : Vanda, a genus of epiphyitic orchids of the trible vandae and subtrite

sorantae. It is characterised by Unbranched loose racemes of rather large with very flat

and spreading fleshy sepals and petals, all usulally nearly alike and contracted below, a

lip ith saccate base, brad pollen- stalks, and a un happened column. There are about 20

species , native India and Malayan archipelago with one V- Hindshi in troical Australia.

They bears spraeding , flat, two ranked, leaves, commonly feshy or criaceous, and often

notched at the apex in one species V. teres, cylindrical resembeling grose quill. The

handsme short pedicted flowers are borne on a lateral peduncle. Many species are

highly prized in Europe and America for the size , fragnance, and beautiful colors of

flowers and cuultivated under glass.

Chemical composition :

Dasgupta has reported the isolation of ß-sitoterol, acetyl choline chloride and

quaternary base from the Pluchea lanceolata.Later on quercetin and isorhanmetin were

also reported from the same genus. It also contain pluchin.

Researches: Immuno supprsesant properties of Raasna Objective: To investigate the immunosuppressive potential of Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic extract (PL) and its bioactive chloroform fraction (PLC). Materials and Methods: Preliminary screening of the Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic extract (PL) was carried out with basic models of immunomodulation, such as, the humoral antibody response (hemagglutination antibody titers), cell-mediated immune response (delayed-type hypersensitivity), skin allograft rejection test, in vitro (C. albicansmethod), and in vivo phagocytosis (carbon clearance test). The extract was then fractionated with chloroform, n-butanol, and water to receive the respective fractions by partitioning. These fractions were employed for flow cytometry to study the T-cell specific immunosuppressive potential of these fractions. Results: Oral administration of PL at doses of 50 to 800 mg/kg in mice, with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as an antigen, inhibited both humoral and cell-mediated

Monograph on Raasna Page 46

immune responses, as evidenced by the production of the circulating antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitiviy reaction results, respectively, and the immune suppression was statistically significant (P < 0.01) in Balb/C mice. PL also decreased the process of phagocytosis both in vitro (31.23%) and ex vivo (32.81%) and delayed the graft rejection time (30.76%). To study the T-cell-specific activities, chloroform, n-butanol, and water fractions from P. lanceolata were tested for T-cell specific immunosuppressive evaluation, wherein only the chloroform fraction (PLC) showed significant (P < 0.01) suppression of CD8+ / CD4+ T-cell surface markers and intracellular Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-Y) cytokines at 25 – 200 mg/kg p.o. doses. PLC, however, did not show significant suppression of the Th2 (IL-4) cytokine. Conclusion:

The findings from the present investigation reveal that P. lanceolata causes immunosuppression by inhibiting Th1 cytokines.

Net:

Pluchea lanceolata C.B. Clarke), popularly known as ‘Rasana’ has been traditionally used since ancient times by Ayurvedic practitioners, to treat various painful afflictions of joints. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the immunosuppressive potentials of this plant. The experimental design was carried out in two phases, where, in the first phase, the 50% ethanolic (EtOH) extract of P. lanceolata (PL) was explored for its immunosuppressive properties, using base models of immunomodulation, such as, humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response (DTH), skin allograft rejection test, and in vitro and in vivophagocytic responses, and in the second phase the 50% EtOH extract was fractionated by partitioning with chloroform, n-butanol, and water, to separate the polarity-based molecules and investigate them for their presence or absence of bio-activity. The 50% EtOH extract of P. lanceolata (PL) showed a significant decrease in the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, in vitro and in vivo phagocytic bait. PL delayed the time for graft rejection, which again substantiated its putative immunosuppressive nature. The skin allograft rejection test is the simplest paradigm to assess cell-mediated immune response and is suggestive of the fact that PL has significant activity on cell-mediated immune responses also. Furthermore, downregulation of phagocytosis of murine macrophages also confirmed the immunosuppressive potential of PL. Macrophages play a vital role in immunity through cell-mediated immune responses. Macrophage activity is an indicator to prove the potential of an

Monograph on Raasna Page 47

individual drug as an immunoenhancer or immunosuppressor. These results prompted us to fractionate 50% of the ethanolic extract and further extrapolate our studies on bioactive fractions. On further extrapolation of this study, the chloroform, n-butanol, and water fractions were investigated for flow cytometric studies on Th1 and Th2 cytokines, wherein, only the chloroform fraction (PLC) showed marked immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced from the downregulation of T-cell surface markers (CD8+/CD4+) and intracellular Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) cytokines . Normally, T cells expressing CD4 increase when the physiological systems of the body are stimulated, due to the activation of the non-specific immune status, and inhibition of this phenomenon shows the immunosuppression. When the body's defense mechanism is threatened by microorganisms or any other foreign invaders, the macrophages reactivate at the site of invasion to combat establishment of various infections. CD 4+ T-cell inhibition by P. lanceolata may be one of the factors responsible for the decrease in the functioning of the macrophages. The reduced responsiveness of the phagocytes is evident by the decrease in the clearance of carbon particles from the reticuloendothelial system and also in the reduction in the rate of phagocytosis in vitro by murine macrophages, thereby, suggesting a reduction in the functioning of macrophages]. PLC inhibited IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. It is a growth factor for Th1 cytokines. It stimulates and facilitates the biosynthesis of IFN- γ in T cells. The inhibition of IL-2 is possibly responsible for the reduced secretion of IFN- γ by CD 8+ T cells. Apart from its role in T-cell activation, IFN-γ is known to be central to the full-blown activation of macrophages and its inhibition by PLC may be one of the important factors that cause a reduction in macrophage function. Generally, IFN- γ is released from T cells and macrophages, which proliferate the process of phagocytosis. However, the significant reduction in IL-2 and IFN-γ is suggestive of the immunosuppressive nature of PLC. Moreover, PLC has not shown significant reduction in IL-4 expression, which suggests that P. lanceolata has little effect on the Th2 system.

Therapeutics uses:

It was already investigated the raasna has the immunosuppressive . It is widely

used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the indigenous systems of

medicine. This plant is indicated in Ayurvedic texts for its therapeutic usefulness

in diseases similar to rheumatoid arthritis and other afflictions of joints.

Monograph on Raasna Page 48

Tribally, a poultice of leaves is applied to the inflammed areas of the body. The

Ayurvedic practitioners of the region use this drug for treating pain and swelling

of the body joint.

In experimental arthritis, a decoction of the plant has been reported to prevent

the swelling of joints. The leaves are aperient and used as a laxative, analgesic,

and antipyretic. Quercetin and isorhamnetin have been identified in the air-dried

leaves of P. lanceolata.

Anti-inflammatory activity has been reported in the neolupinol isolated from the

flowers of this plant. Flavonoids are reported as scavengers of free radicals and

potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Oral pre-treatment of the ethanolic extract

significantly attenuated cadmium chloride, induced oxidative stress, and

genotoxicity.

Pharmacology:

Early studies on the water soluble fraction of the ethanol extract of the

whole plant showed two main effects—a spasmolytic action on the smooth

muscle, and an acetylcholine like action. On exposure to this fraction relaxation

occured in the isolated ileum of rabbit and rat, isolated rat uterus,and in situ

ileum in the dog. Phenobarbital induced hypnosis was enhanced. Significant

experimental data are reported on the role of this plant extracts on induced

arthritis. The decoction of the whole plant in a dose of 1.5 mg (0.75 g. of the dry

powder) given to non-adrenalectomised dogs for 10 days was most effective

against formalin arthritis. The response was evaluated by a lessening of swelling

of ankle joints and limb volume. In albino rats, the water soluble fraction of the

90% alcohol extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in induced

formalin arthritis and granuloma pouch. Comparison with betamethasone,

showed a lower mortality rate of 1 out of 12, as against 12 out of 29 given

betamethasone. Gastric side effects-ulcer and bleeding occurred in 5 out of 12

rats given the Pluchea lanceolata extract and in 10 out of 12 rats exposed to

betamethasone. An important clinical difference was that the plant extract

suppressed the delayed periarticular changes more as compared to the acute

Monograph on Raasna Page 49

inflammatory phase. Another study on the therapeutic aspect of Pluchea

lanceolata was the comparison of the water-soluble fraction of the alcoholic

extract with the non-saponifiable steroidal fraction, the test system being

carageenan-produced hind paw oedema in albino rats. While the former extract

did not show significant activity the latter steroidal fraction was significantly anti-

inflammatory in action. It had, however, not much effect on the granuloma

pouch. The anti-inflammatory potential of some ayurvedic compositions

containing P. lanceolata extract was tested on experimental arthritis and

granuloma pouch. These showed marked anti-inflammatory activity in both

models. The decoction of the plant has been used in arthritis. The leaves are

aperients and used as a laxative, analgesic and antipyretic.

Monograph on Raasna Page 50

Summary

The ayurvedic formularies identifies raasna as pluchea lanceolata C.B Clark

and recommends alpinia galanga Linn. Willd as a substitue for its specifying the

part to be used in different formulations. In Dravyaguna vijyan Prof. P.V. sharma

also uses the same identification. According to him it is the leaf which i to be used

in different formulations.

The glossary of vegetable drug in brhattarayi, however advises u to use the

root and mentions that it is alpinia galanga which is being used a substitue for

this drug in south india. It also adds that the synonyms of raasna such as elaparni,

raasna, yuktarasaa and gandhamula are appropiate for pluchea lanceolata and

warn us against using vanda roxburgii and such other orchids.

On the contrary wealth of india and indian medicinal plants identifies

raasna and its synonyms as the vanda tessellata( V. Roxburhii). For pluchea

lanceolata the former gives raasna a it sanskrit name. Both these attribute to

vanda sps, all the properties and uses mentioned in ayurvedic text for raasna.

However wealth of india recommend the whole plant of pluchea lanceolata.

While Dr. Laxmipati in 100 useful drug identifies raasna a another alpinia species ,

alpinia officinarum.

Bhavaprakash nighantu gives three latin names for raasna i.e, pluchea

lanceolata, innula racemosa and vanda roxburghii. Again shaligram bhusana

identifies raasna as vanda roxburghii or pluchea lanceolata. Shree K.M. Vaidya in

his atanga hridya uses vanda roxburghii.

In recent publications it is seen reported that pluchea lanceolata, vanda

roxburghii and alpinia galanga, all have antirheumatic properties and that form

experimental tudies it has been proved that pluchea lanceolata is more effective

than the other as a drug for rheumatic complaints. It has to be pointed out

Monograph on Raasna Page 51

however that the description at the plants raasna mentioned by the Achrayas in

the ancient teat have no similarities to vanda roxburghii.

Pluchea lanceolata which is abudantly available in north india. The glossary

of vegetable drugs in brhattarayi mention that many synonyms for raasna are

appropiate for pluchea lanceolata we have to be point aout that the words

sugandhamula and elaparni which have certain particular connatations are

appropiate to alpinia galanga than to pluchea lanceolata.

Indian medicinal plant, metrica medica and wealth of indian identifies a

plant with sanskrit name Kulanjana as alpinia galanga. But Bhavaprakash,

Rajnighantu and Nighanturatnaakaram mentioned raasna and kulanjana as two

different plants and give them different properties.

Monograph on Raasna Page 52

References:

I. Acharya Sukla Bidhyadhar and Prof. Tripathi Ravidutta; Charak

Samhita, Latest Re-edition-2007, Vol. I & II published by Chaukhamba

Sanskrit Pratisthan, Bangalo Road, Delhi.

II. Shastri AmbikaDutta (Reprint 2064 B.S.), with Hindi commentary (vol.

I & II) ; Sushrut Samhita, Edited with Ayurveda–Tattvo–Sandipaka &

Chaukhamba orientalia, Varanasi.

III. Gupta Atridev & Upadhyaya Shree Yadunandan; Astanga Hridaya,

Reprint 2065B.S, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Sanskrit series, Vanarasi–1

India.

IV. Apate Ganesh Vinayak; Raj Nighantu Sahito Dhanawontari Nighantu,

Anandashram– Mudranalaya–1925, itgranthawol, varanasi.

V. Devkota Koshnath; Nepali Nighantu, first edition 2025 – Nepal Rajkiya

Pragnya Pratisthan.

VI. Rajbaidhya Pandit Gaud Shankar Dutta; Shankar Nighantu,

Banausadhi Bhandar Jabalpur – 1935.

VII. Viadya Bapalal,Chaukhamba; Nighantu Adarsha, First edition, Biddya

Bhawan publication, Gopal Mandir, Dane Varanasi.

VIII. Das Ganga Visnu Shree Krishna; Madanpaal Nighantu, Edition-

2010B.S., Laxivenkateswor, steam press, Bombay.

IX. Mohan Surendra; Kaiya Dev Nighantu; First edition(1928, Publisher –

Das, Laxman meharchand).

X. Shastri Dwivedi Bishwonath; Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Edition-2002,

Banarasidas Motilal publication, New Delhi.

XI. Singh Ram Shushil; Banaushadhi Nirdesika (Ayurvedic

Pharmacopeia), Ist Edition 1979; Motilal Banarasi Das Publ. India.

Monograph on Raasna Page 53

XII. Pandit Shastrina Kasinath; Rasatarangini, Edition-2004, Published by

Motilal Banarasidas, Mumbai.

XIII. Sharma Priyavarta Dravya Guna Vigyan Vol. I, II., Re-edition-2009,

Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, Vanarasi;

XIV. Bhandari Chandra Raj; Banaushadi Chandrodaya, edition 1938,

Gyanmandir Publication.

XV. Navre R Krishna sahastri; Nighantu Ratnakar, Pandurang jawaji

Publication, edition-1934.

XVI. Chakraberty Chandra, Hindu Materica media, 2nd edition 1993, low

price publication.

XVII. Indian Medicinal Plant , Orient Longman publication,5th edition.

XVIII. www.google.com, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_(genus),

XIX. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositae

XX. http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantefg/Ficus bengalensis

XXI. http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/plant/pim245.htm.

XXII. http://www.agricultureinformation.com/forums/medicinal-plants/Ficus

bengalensis.html.