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Introduction to Atoms
What is matter?
• Matter is anything you can touch.• Includes– Solids– Liquids– Gases
Yes, you can touch a gas, you can feel the air molecules hitting your face when a fan is on.
Matter is made of smaller particles
How was this painted?
Small particles combine to make the larger object
How was this made? http://www.chrisjordan.com/
What do these pieces of art have to do with matter?
Like the art, matter is made of small particles
These small
particles are called
atoms
Atoms are tiny
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I
Atom• Atoms are the building blocks of all materials• An atom is made of 3 parts:– Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus (center)– Electrons orbit around the nucleus
An atom is the smallest unit of an element
• There are 118 known elements• An element is a substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances.
Each element has unique physical characteristics and chemical behaviors
Each element has unique physical characteristics and chemical behaviors
Hydrogen- Clear gas- Less dense
than air- Flammable
Helium- Clear gas- Less dense
than air- Not
flammable
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has all the physical characteristics and chemical behaviors of that element.
So how do I know what element I have?
?
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus tells us what element it is.
No two elements have the same number of protons.
So how do I know how many protons are in an element?
Reading the Periodic Table
• The atomic number tells us how many protons are in the nucleus.
• How many protons are in aluminum?• Nitrogen?• Sulfur?• Carbon?
7
616
13
The periodic table is arranged by atomic number- smallest to largest
The element block will also include a symbol for the element
• The symbol is a short hand way of writing the element’s name
• Some elements have a single letter for their symbol
• The first letter is ALWAYS capitalized• If there is a second letter, it is ALWAYS lower
case
Element symbols and some unusual names https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p90Ug56GkcE
Review1. Everything on Earth is
made of ________ (anything you can touch)
- matter
Review
2. Matter is made of small particles called ____-Atoms
Review
3. Atoms are made of three smaller particles called _____-protons, neutron, and electrons
Review
4. An atom is the smallest unit of an ________-Element
Review
5. Each element is different, physically and chemically, because each element has a different number of ______ in its nucleus- protons
Review
6. The _______ _________ tells us how many protons are in the nucleus.
-Atomic number
Review
7. The element can be represented by a symbol. The first letter is always ______ and the second letter is always _______ ________
-capitalized-lower case
Homework-Element Gossip
• Use the atomic number given to find the element.
• Write the element symbol on the blanks (1st letter of the symbol is capitalized, 2nd (if present) is lower case.
• Then write the full name of each element.• Periodic tables can be found in your agenda
book or in the textbook inside covers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lNF3_30lUE